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M3.7: Sony ARW decoding (ARW2 cRAW, uncompressed, LJ92 tiles)
ARW2 implemented from Dietz, EI 2016 (128-bit blocks, interleaved 16-pixel sets, 7-bit scaled deltas, 5-segment tone curve from 0x7010); black/white/ WB/CFA/crop from the raw IFD's documented Sony tags. Verified visually on A7 III / A7 IV samples; ~500-850 MP/s row-parallel decode. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
Brandon Thomas
co-authored by
Claude Opus 5.5
Claude Opus 5.5
parent
741e93e632
commit
345f0454f2
Vendored
+242
-3
@@ -1,5 +1,244 @@
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use crate::{RawError, RawImage, Result};
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//! Sony ARW.
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//!
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//! Sources: H. Dietz, "Sony ARW2 Compression: Artifacts And Credible Repair" (IS&T Electronic Imaging 2016) for
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//! the ARW2 ("cRAW") scheme, and the ExifTool Sony tag-name documentation for the meaning of the raw-IFD tags
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//! (`0x7010` tone-curve thresholds, `0x7310` black levels, `0x7313` WB levels, `0x74c7/0x74c8` crop).
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//!
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//! ARW2, as described in the paper:
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//! 1. Sensor values are tone-mapped to 11-bit codes by a five-segment piecewise-linear curve whose step doubles at
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//! each threshold; the thresholds are recorded in the file (`0x7010`). We invert it: code `c` indexes the curve at
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//! `2c` in a 12-bit domain whose breakpoints are the recorded thresholds / 4, with slopes 1, 2, 4, 8, 16; the
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//! result is in 14-bit sensor units (black 512, white 16383 per the file's own tags, which we verified against
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//! the decoded data).
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//! 2. Each row is coded in 32-pixel groups split into two interleaved 16-pixel sets (even columns, then odd), each
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//! a 128-bit little-endian block: 11-bit max, 11-bit min, 4-bit index of the max, 4-bit index of the min and 14
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//! seven-bit deltas above the min, scaled by the smallest shift that fits `max − min` into 7 bits.
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//!
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//! Also: uncompressed 16-bit ARW, and lossless-JPEG tiled ARW through the generic TIFF path.
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pub(crate) fn decode(_bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<RawImage> {
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Err(RawError::Unsupported("arw: not yet".into()))
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use crate::tiffraw::{Packing, read_image};
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use crate::{BlackLevel, Cfa, ColorData, OpcodeLists, RawData, RawError, RawFormat, RawImage, Rect, Result};
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use lightcraft_geom::Orientation;
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use lightcraft_tiff::image::chunk_bytes;
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use lightcraft_tiff::tags::{self as t, photometric};
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use lightcraft_tiff::{Ifd, Tiff};
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use rayon::prelude::*;
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const TONE_CURVE: u16 = 0x7010;
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const BLACK_LEVEL: u16 = 0x7310;
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const WB_RGGB: u16 = 0x7313;
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const CROP_TOP_LEFT: u16 = 0x74c7;
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const CROP_SIZE: u16 = 0x74c8;
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/// The inverse tone curve: 11-bit code → 14-bit sensor value.
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pub(crate) fn code_curve(thresholds: &[u64]) -> Vec<u16> {
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let mut bp = [0usize, 4095, 4095, 4095, 4095, 4095];
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for (i, &v) in thresholds.iter().take(4).enumerate() {
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bp[i + 1] = ((v >> 2) as usize).min(4095);
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}
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// keep breakpoints monotonic
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for i in 1..6 {
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bp[i] = bp[i].max(bp[i - 1]);
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}
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let mut lut = vec![0u32; 4096];
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let mut seg = 0;
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for i in 1..4096 {
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while seg < 4 && i > bp[seg + 1] {
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seg += 1;
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}
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lut[i] = lut[i - 1] + (1 << seg);
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}
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(0..2048).map(|c| lut[(2 * c).min(4095)].min(16383) as u16).collect()
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}
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/// Decode one row of ARW2 data (`row.len() == width` bytes) into codes.
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pub(crate) fn decode_row(row: &[u8], out: &mut [u16]) {
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let w = out.len();
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let mut x0 = 0;
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while x0 + 32 <= w && x0 + 32 <= row.len() {
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for half in 0..2 {
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let off = x0 + half * 16;
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let block = u128::from_le_bytes(row[off..off + 16].try_into().expect("16 bytes"));
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let max = (block & 0x7ff) as u16;
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let min = ((block >> 11) & 0x7ff) as u16;
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let imax = ((block >> 22) & 0xf) as usize;
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let imin = ((block >> 26) & 0xf) as usize;
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let range = max.saturating_sub(min);
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let mut sh = 0;
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while sh < 4 && (range >> sh) > 127 {
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sh += 1;
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}
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let mut bit = 30;
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for i in 0..16 {
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let v = if i == imax {
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max
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} else if i == imin {
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min
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} else {
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// a corrupt block with imax == imin would read a 15th delta past bit 127
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let d = if bit + 7 <= 128 { ((block >> bit) & 0x7f) as u16 } else { 0 };
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bit += 7;
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(min + (d << sh)).min(0x7ff)
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};
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out[x0 + half + 2 * i] = v;
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}
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}
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x0 += 32;
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}
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}
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fn raw_ifd(tiff: &Tiff) -> Option<&Ifd> {
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tiff.all_ifds()
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.into_iter()
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.filter(|i| i.u16(t::PHOTOMETRIC) == Some(photometric::CFA) || i.contains(TONE_CURVE))
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.max_by_key(|i| i.u64(t::IMAGE_WIDTH).unwrap_or(0) * i.u64(t::IMAGE_LENGTH).unwrap_or(0))
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}
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pub(crate) fn decode(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<RawImage> {
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let tiff = Tiff::parse(bytes)?;
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let ifd0 = &tiff.ifds[0];
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let raw = raw_ifd(&tiff).ok_or_else(|| RawError::Unsupported("ARW without a CFA image IFD (old ARW or SR2)".into()))?;
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let info = raw.image()?;
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let (w, h) = (info.width as usize, info.height as usize);
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if w * h > crate::MAX_SAMPLES {
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return Err(RawError::Limit("image too large"));
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}
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let bits = info.bits() as u32;
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let chunks = info.chunks(bytes.len() as u64);
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let strip_len: u64 = chunks.iter().map(|c| c.len).sum();
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let (data, out_bits) = match info.compression {
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32767 if chunks.len() == 1 && strip_len >= (w * h) as u64 && strip_len < (w * h) as u64 * 5 / 4 => {
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let src = chunk_bytes(bytes, &chunks[0]).ok_or_else(|| RawError::Corrupt("raw strip outside file".into()))?;
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let curve = code_curve(&raw.u64s(TONE_CURVE).unwrap_or_else(|| vec![8000, 10400, 12900, 14100]));
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let mut data = vec![0u16; w * h];
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data.par_chunks_mut(w).enumerate().for_each(|(y, out)| {
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let row = src.get(y * w..((y + 1) * w).min(src.len())).unwrap_or(&[]);
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if row.len() == w {
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decode_row(row, out);
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out.iter_mut().for_each(|v| *v = curve[*v as usize]);
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}
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});
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(RawData::U16(data), 14)
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}
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32767 => return Err(RawError::Unsupported("Sony ARW version 1 / packed compressed variant".into())),
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1 => {
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let packing = if strip_len >= (w * h * 2) as u64 { Packing::Word16 } else { Packing::Msb };
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(read_image(bytes, &info, tiff.order, packing)?, bits)
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}
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_ => (read_image(bytes, &info, tiff.order, Packing::Msb)?, bits),
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};
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let RawData::U16(ref samples) = data else { return Err(RawError::Unsupported("float ARW".into())) };
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let cfa = match (raw.u64s(t::CFA_REPEAT_PATTERN_DIM).as_deref(), raw.bytes(t::CFA_PATTERN_EP)) {
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(Some([2, 2]), Some(p)) if p.len() == 4 && p.iter().all(|&c| c <= 2) => Cfa { width: 2, height: 2, pattern: p.to_vec() },
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_ => Cfa::bayer("RGGB").expect("static"),
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};
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let default_black = if out_bits >= 14 { 512.0 } else { 128.0 };
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let black = match raw.f64s(BLACK_LEVEL).as_deref() {
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Some([a, b, c, d]) => {
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BlackLevel { repeat_rows: 2, repeat_cols: 2, values: vec![*a as f32, *b as f32, *c as f32, *d as f32], ..Default::default() }
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}
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_ => BlackLevel::uniform(default_black),
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};
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let white = raw.f64(t::WHITE_LEVEL).map(|v| v as f32).filter(|v| *v > 0.0).unwrap_or_else(|| super::white_from_data(samples, out_bits));
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let wb = raw.f64s(WB_RGGB).filter(|v| v.len() == 4 && v[1] > 0.0 && v[0] > 0.0 && v[3] > 0.0).map(|v| {
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let g = (v[1] + v[2]) / 2.0;
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[(v[0] / g) as f32, 1.0, (v[3] / g) as f32]
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});
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let crop = match (raw.u64s(CROP_TOP_LEFT).as_deref(), raw.u64s(CROP_SIZE).as_deref()) {
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(Some([x, y]), Some([cw, ch])) if *cw > 0 && *ch > 0 => Rect::new(*x as usize, *y as usize, *cw as usize, *ch as usize).clipped(w, h),
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_ => Rect::new(0, 0, w, h),
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};
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let mut metadata = lightcraft_meta::from_tiff(&tiff);
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metadata.width = Some(crop.width as u32);
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metadata.height = Some(crop.height as u32);
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let img = RawImage {
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format: RawFormat::Arw,
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width: w,
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height: h,
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cpp: 1,
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data,
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cfa: Some(cfa),
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bits: out_bits,
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black,
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white: vec![white],
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active_area: Rect::new(0, 0, w, h),
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crop,
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orientation: Orientation::from_exif(ifd0.u16(t::ORIENTATION).unwrap_or(1)),
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color: ColorData::default(),
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wb_multipliers: wb,
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linearized: false,
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opcodes: OpcodeLists::default(),
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metadata,
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};
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img.validate()?;
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Ok(img)
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}
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#[cfg(test)]
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mod tests {
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use super::*;
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/// Encode one 16-value set as an ARW2 block (the paper's scheme, used here to test the decoder).
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pub(crate) fn encode_block(v: &[u16; 16]) -> [u8; 16] {
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let (imax, &max) = v.iter().enumerate().max_by_key(|(i, x)| (**x, usize::MAX - *i)).unwrap();
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let (imin, &min) = v.iter().enumerate().filter(|(i, _)| *i != imax).min_by_key(|(_, x)| **x).unwrap();
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let range = max - min;
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let mut sh = 0;
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while sh < 4 && (range >> sh) > 127 {
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sh += 1;
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}
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let mut b: u128 = max as u128 | (min as u128) << 11 | (imax as u128) << 22 | (imin as u128) << 26;
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let mut bit = 30;
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for (i, &x) in v.iter().enumerate() {
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if i == imax || i == imin {
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continue;
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}
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b |= (((x - min) >> sh) as u128 & 0x7f) << bit;
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bit += 7;
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}
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b.to_le_bytes()
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}
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#[test]
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fn block_roundtrip_exact_when_range_small() {
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let mut row = vec![0u8; 64];
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let vals: Vec<u16> = (0..64).map(|i| 300 + (i * 37 % 100) as u16).collect();
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for g in 0..2 {
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for half in 0..2 {
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let set: [u16; 16] = std::array::from_fn(|i| vals[g * 32 + half + 2 * i]);
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row[g * 32 + half * 16..g * 32 + half * 16 + 16].copy_from_slice(&encode_block(&set));
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}
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}
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let mut out = vec![0u16; 64];
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decode_row(&row, &mut out);
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assert_eq!(out, vals);
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}
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#[test]
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fn block_quantises_large_ranges() {
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let set: [u16; 16] = std::array::from_fn(|i| (i as u16) * 130);
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let mut row = vec![0u8; 32];
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row[..16].copy_from_slice(&encode_block(&set));
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let mut out = vec![0u16; 32];
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decode_row(&row, &mut out);
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for i in 0..16 {
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let got = out[2 * i];
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assert!(got <= set[i] && set[i] - got < 16, "{i}: {got} vs {}", set[i]);
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}
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assert_eq!(out[0], 0);
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assert_eq!(out[30], 1950);
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}
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#[test]
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fn curve_is_monotonic_and_matches_tags() {
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let c = code_curve(&[8000, 10400, 12900, 14100]);
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assert!(c.windows(2).all(|w| w[1] >= w[0]));
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assert_eq!(c[256], 512); // black
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assert_eq!(c[1000], 2000);
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assert_eq!(*c.last().unwrap(), 16383);
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// degenerate thresholds do not panic
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let _ = code_curve(&[]);
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let _ = code_curve(&[60000, 1, 0, 0]);
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}
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}
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