Merge tested main for v0.18.1

# Conflicts:
#	Cargo.lock

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 name: Release
 
 on:
+  # A nightly dry run on main: every release build except macOS, nothing signed or released
+  # (craft-common-actions release.yml `dry-run`). Finds release-only breakage before release day.
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "16 1 * * *"
   push:
     branches: [release]
   workflow_dispatch:
@@ -30,6 +34,7 @@ jobs:
     # Intentionally tracked at @main (not SHA-pinned) so org-wide CI improvements, security fixes, and build optimizations propagate without PR churn across all craftapp repos.
     uses: storytold/craft-common-actions/.github/workflows/release.yml@main
     with:
+      dry-run: ${{ github.event_name == 'schedule' }}
       app-name: deckcraft
       app-title: DeckCraft
       # Keep identical to ci.yml and freebsd.yml. The shared release workflow sets

Cargo.lock

@@ -1038,7 +1038,7 @@ checksum = "0c87e182de0887fd5361989c677c4e8f5000cd9491d6d563161a8f3a5519fc7f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "deckcraft"
-version = "0.18.0"
+version = "0.18.1"
 dependencies = [
  "arboard",
  "chrono",
@@ -1060,7 +1060,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "deckcraft-anim"
-version = "0.18.0"
+version = "0.18.1"
 dependencies = [
  "deckcraft-geom",
  "deckcraft-model",
@@ -1069,7 +1069,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "deckcraft-av1"
-version = "0.18.0"
+version = "0.18.1"
 dependencies = [
  "deckcraft-bitstream",
  "rayon",
@@ -1078,14 +1078,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "deckcraft-bitstream"
-version = "0.18.0"
+version = "0.18.1"
 dependencies = [
  "craft-media",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "deckcraft-cli"
-version = "0.18.0"
+version = "0.18.1"
 dependencies = [
  "deckcraft-engine",
  "deckcraft-mcp",
@@ -1095,14 +1095,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "deckcraft-color"
-version = "0.18.0"
+version = "0.18.1"
 dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "deckcraft-engine"
-version = "0.18.0"
+version = "0.18.1"
 dependencies = [
  "chrono",
  "deckcraft-anim",
@@ -1128,7 +1128,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "deckcraft-fonts"
-version = "0.18.0"
+version = "0.18.1"
 dependencies = [
  "epaint_default_fonts",
  "harfrust 0.13.3",
@@ -1140,7 +1140,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "deckcraft-format"
-version = "0.18.0"
+version = "0.18.1"
 dependencies = [
  "deckcraft-model",
  "serde",
@@ -1151,7 +1151,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "deckcraft-geom"
-version = "0.18.0"
+version = "0.18.1"
 dependencies = [
  "kurbo",
  "serde",
@@ -1159,7 +1159,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "deckcraft-h264"
-version = "0.18.0"
+version = "0.18.1"
 dependencies = [
  "deckcraft-bitstream",
  "rayon",
@@ -1168,7 +1168,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "deckcraft-hevc"
-version = "0.18.0"
+version = "0.18.1"
 dependencies = [
  "deckcraft-bitstream",
  "rayon",
@@ -1177,7 +1177,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "deckcraft-mcp"
-version = "0.18.0"
+version = "0.18.1"
 dependencies = [
  "deckcraft-engine",
  "deckcraft-render",
@@ -1187,7 +1187,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "deckcraft-media"
-version = "0.18.0"
+version = "0.18.1"
 dependencies = [
  "craft-audio",
  "craft-media",
@@ -1203,7 +1203,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "deckcraft-metafile"
-version = "0.18.0"
+version = "0.18.1"
 dependencies = [
  "image",
  "kurbo",
@@ -1212,7 +1212,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "deckcraft-model"
-version = "0.18.0"
+version = "0.18.1"
 dependencies = [
  "deckcraft-color",
  "deckcraft-geom",
@@ -1224,7 +1224,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "deckcraft-pdf"
-version = "0.18.0"
+version = "0.18.1"
 dependencies = [
  "craft-pdf",
  "deckcraft-fonts",
@@ -1242,7 +1242,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "deckcraft-pptx"
-version = "0.18.0"
+version = "0.18.1"
 dependencies = [
  "deckcraft-color",
  "deckcraft-engine",
@@ -1258,7 +1258,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "deckcraft-render"
-version = "0.18.0"
+version = "0.18.1"
 dependencies = [
  "deckcraft-anim",
  "deckcraft-color",
@@ -1277,7 +1277,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "deckcraft-text"
-version = "0.18.0"
+version = "0.18.1"
 dependencies = [
  "chrono",
  "deckcraft-color",
@@ -1291,7 +1291,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "deckcraft-ui-egui"
-version = "0.18.0"
+version = "0.18.1"
 dependencies = [
  "craft-ui",
  "craft-update",
@@ -1317,7 +1317,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "deckcraft-vp9"
-version = "0.18.0"
+version = "0.18.1"
 dependencies = [
  "deckcraft-bitstream",
  "rayon",
@@ -1326,7 +1326,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "deckcraft-web"
-version = "0.18.0"
+version = "0.18.1"
 dependencies = [
  "craft-web-api",
  "craft-web-host",
@@ -6311,7 +6311,7 @@ checksum = "9440ea3e5aeabb0ac63af70daf835274065238cdd0cec83418f417eae38bacee"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "xtask"
-version = "0.18.0"
+version = "0.18.1"
 dependencies = [
  "serde_json",
 ]

Cargo.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ members = ["crates/*", "apps/*", "xtask"]
 default-members = ["crates/*", "apps/deckcraft", "apps/deckcraft-cli"]
 
 [workspace.package]
-version = "0.18.0"
+version = "0.18.1"
 edition = "2024"
 license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
 rust-version = "1.95"

crates/av1/src/decoder.rs

@@ -118,6 +118,8 @@ enum Output {
         grain: FilmGrainParams,
         apply_film_grain: bool,
         pts: i64,
+        /// What copying the picture out costs, in the reference's own format.
+        bytes: u64,
     },
 }
 
@@ -132,7 +134,7 @@ impl Output {
     fn take(self) -> Result<Picture> {
         match self {
             Output::Decoded(s) => s.wait().map(|p| Arc::try_unwrap(p).unwrap_or_else(|p| (*p).clone())),
-            Output::Existing { slot, seq, width, height, grain, apply_film_grain, pts } => {
+            Output::Existing { slot, seq, width, height, grain, apply_film_grain, pts, .. } => {
                 let rf = slot.wait()?;
                 Ok(output_picture(&seq, &rf, width, height, &grain, apply_film_grain, pts))
             }
@@ -379,8 +381,8 @@ impl Decoder {
         // Output policy (7.18.1 note): with scalability, show one frame per temporal unit, the
         // highest spatial layer present.
         let scalable = self.seq.as_ref().is_some_and(|s| s.op_idc != 0);
-        if !scalable {
-            self.out.extend(out.into_iter().map(|(o, _, _)| o));
+        let kept: Vec<Output> = if !scalable {
+            out.into_iter().map(|(o, _, _)| o).collect()
         } else {
             let mut last: Option<(usize, u32)> = None;
             let mut sel: Vec<Output> = Vec::new();
@@ -400,8 +402,27 @@ impl Decoder {
                     }
                 }
             }
-            self.out.extend(sel);
+            sel
+        };
+        // Every repeat is copied out whole, so the repeats this call keeps (after the layer
+        // selection) must not queue more than half the decoder budget; the first one over it and
+        // everything after is dropped.
+        let mut r = r;
+        let mut repeat_bytes = 0u64;
+        let mut ok = Vec::with_capacity(kept.len());
+        for o in kept {
+            if let Output::Existing { bytes, .. } = &o {
+                repeat_bytes = repeat_bytes.saturating_add(*bytes);
+                if repeat_bytes > self.memory_budget / 2 {
+                    if r.is_ok() {
+                        r = Err(Error::Invalid("repeated frame outputs exceed the decoder memory budget"));
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            ok.push(o);
         }
+        self.out.extend(ok);
         r
     }
 
@@ -503,6 +524,15 @@ impl Decoder {
             let idx = fh.frame_to_show_map_idx;
             let slot = self.ref_frames[idx].clone().ok_or(Error::Invalid("show_existing_frame of an empty slot"))?;
             let info = self.refs[idx].clone();
+            // Sized in the reference's own format: a new sequence header may differ from it.
+            let shape = deckcraft_bitstream::budget::PictureShape {
+                width: u64::from(info.upscaled_width),
+                height: u64::from(info.frame_height),
+                shift_x: u32::from(info.subsampling_x),
+                shift_y: u32::from(info.subsampling_y),
+                chroma_planes: if info.mono_chrome { 0 } else { 2 },
+                bytes_per_sample: 2,
+            };
             let o = Output::Existing {
                 slot: slot.clone(),
                 seq: seq.clone(),
@@ -511,6 +541,7 @@ impl Decoder {
                 grain: fh.film_grain.clone(),
                 apply_film_grain: self.apply_film_grain,
                 pts: self.pts,
+                bytes: shape.bytes().unwrap_or(u64::MAX),
             };
             if fh.frame_type == KEY_FRAME as u8 {
                 // reference frame loading process (7.21) then refresh every slot (7.20)
@@ -629,6 +660,9 @@ impl Decoder {
                 ri.lf_deltas = fh.lf.deltas;
                 ri.seg_features = fh.seg.features;
                 ri.grain = fh.film_grain.clone();
+                ri.subsampling_x = job.seq.color.subsampling_x;
+                ri.subsampling_y = job.seq.color.subsampling_y;
+                ri.mono_chrome = job.seq.color.mono_chrome;
                 self.ref_frames[i] = Some(job.slot.clone());
             }
         }
@@ -777,6 +811,14 @@ fn decode_frame(job: &FrameJob, pool: &Pool, stats: &mut DecodeStats) -> Result<
     Ok((rf, pic))
 }
 
+/// Bytes all parallel tile states may hold of whole-frame CDEF and restoration metadata; past it
+/// the tiles decode one after another on the frame's own metadata.
+const TILE_METADATA_BUDGET: usize = 256 << 20;
+
+fn tile_metadata_fits(tiles: usize, per_tile: usize) -> bool {
+    tiles.checked_mul(per_tile).is_some_and(|n| n <= TILE_METADATA_BUDGET)
+}
+
 /// Decode the tiles of a frame (tile number, data), in parallel when several; returns the final
 /// CDFs of tile context_update_tile_id.
 fn decode_tiles(pool: &Pool, fs: &mut FrameState, cdfs: &Cdfs, tiles: &[(usize, Vec<u8>)]) -> Result<Option<Box<Cdfs>>> {
@@ -790,7 +832,7 @@ fn decode_tiles(pool: &Pool, fs: &mut FrameState, cdfs: &Cdfs, tiles: &[(usize,
     };
     // Intra block copy reads the current frame through the tile's own buffer: keep whole-frame
     // buffers (tiles one after another) for it.
-    if tiles.len() > 1 && pool.is_parallel() && !fs.fh.allow_intrabc {
+    if tiles.len() > 1 && pool.is_parallel() && !fs.fh.allow_intrabc && tile_metadata_fits(tiles.len(), fs.tile_metadata_bytes()) {
         let mut states: Vec<TileState> = tiles
             .iter()
             .map(|(num, _)| {
@@ -1075,6 +1117,14 @@ mod guard_tests {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod budget_tests {
     use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tile_metadata_copies_are_budgeted() {
+        assert!(tile_metadata_fits(64, 1 << 20));
+        assert!(!tile_metadata_fits(4096, 1 << 20));
+        assert!(!tile_metadata_fits(usize::MAX, 2));
+    }
+
     use deckcraft_bitstream::budget::DECODE_MEMORY_BUDGET;
 
     fn color(mono: bool) -> crate::header::ColorConfig {

crates/av1/src/header.rs

@@ -360,6 +360,10 @@ pub struct RefInfo {
     pub lf_deltas: LoopFilterDeltas,
     pub seg_features: SegmentationFeatures,
     pub grain: FilmGrainParams,
+    /// The colour format the frame was decoded in (a later sequence header may change it).
+    pub subsampling_x: u8,
+    pub subsampling_y: u8,
+    pub mono_chrome: bool,
 }
 
 /// A parsed uncompressed frame header with its derived variables.

crates/av1/src/state.rs

@@ -253,6 +253,13 @@ impl FrameState {
         self.lr = t.lr;
     }
 
+    /// Bytes of CDEF and loop-restoration metadata each parallel tile state copies whole.
+    pub fn tile_metadata_bytes(&self) -> usize {
+        let lr = &self.lr;
+        // 1 (type) + 6 (Wiener) + 1 (SGR set) + 2 (SGR weights) bytes per unit.
+        self.cdef.len() + lr.lr_type.iter().map(|v| v.len() * 10).sum::<usize>()
+    }
+
     /// Private buffers for the tile covering mode info rows [r0, r1) x columns [c0, c1); tiles
     /// on the right / bottom frame edge also cover the allocation margins.
     pub fn tile_state(&self, r0: usize, r1: usize, c0: usize, c1: usize) -> TileState {

crates/engine/src/cmd/insert/album.rs

@@ -80,6 +80,12 @@ pub(super) fn photo_album_edit(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let opts = album_opts(p)?;
     let items = album_items(p)?;
     let (id, ids) = album_target(s, p)?;
+    // The editor is seeded within the album limits; replacing the album from a trimmed seed would
+    // delete what it left out, so refuse rather than lose it.
+    let st = s.doc()?;
+    if items_from_slides(&st.doc, &album_slides(st, &ids)).1 {
+        return Err(bad("insert.photoAlbumEdit", "this album holds more than the editor can carry; editing it would delete the rest"));
+    }
     commit_album(s, items, opts, Some((id, ids)))
 }
 
@@ -545,6 +551,19 @@ fn album_target(s: &Session, p: &Value) -> Result<(u32, Vec<u64>)> {
     Err(bad("insert.photoAlbumEdit", "this slide is not part of a photo album"))
 }
 
+/// Whether a slide holds anything besides album items: shapes, notes, comments, a background, a
+/// transition, animations, a colour map or tags.
+fn has_slide_content(s: &deckcraft_model::Slide) -> bool {
+    !s.shapes.is_empty()
+        || !s.notes.text().trim().is_empty()
+        || !s.comments.is_empty()
+        || s.background.is_some()
+        || s.transition.is_some()
+        || !s.animations.is_empty()
+        || s.color_map.is_some()
+        || !s.tags.is_empty()
+}
+
 fn pic_count(slide: &deckcraft_model::Slide) -> usize {
     slide.shapes.iter().filter(|sh| matches!(sh.kind, ShapeKind::Picture { .. })).count()
 }
@@ -592,9 +611,16 @@ fn infer_album(slides: &[&deckcraft_model::Slide], theme_now: &str) -> (String,
     (layout, frame.into(), captions, any && gray, theme_now.to_string())
 }
 
-fn items_from_slides(doc: &deckcraft_model::Presentation, slides: &[&deckcraft_model::Slide]) -> Vec<Value> {
+/// The album's items for the dialog, within the limits `insert.photoAlbum` itself takes (items,
+/// bytes per picture and in all), checked before a picture is encoded: an album slide set can
+/// name one large picture many times.
+///
+/// The flag is true when something was left out for a limit.
+fn items_from_slides(doc: &deckcraft_model::Presentation, slides: &[&deckcraft_model::Slide]) -> (Vec<Value>, bool) {
     let mut items = Vec::new();
-    for slide in slides {
+    let mut total = 0usize;
+    let mut omitted = false;
+    'slides: for slide in slides {
         let pics: Vec<&deckcraft_model::Shape> = slide.shapes.iter().filter(|sh| matches!(sh.kind, ShapeKind::Picture { .. })).collect();
         if pics.is_empty() {
             let text = slide
@@ -605,13 +631,27 @@ fn items_from_slides(doc: &deckcraft_model::Presentation, slides: &[&deckcraft_m
                 .find(|t| !t.trim().is_empty())
                 .unwrap_or_default();
             if !text.trim().is_empty() {
+                if items.len() >= ALBUM_MAX_ITEMS {
+                    omitted = true;
+                    break 'slides;
+                }
                 items.push(json!({"text": text.trim()}));
+            } else if items.len() >= ALBUM_MAX_ITEMS && has_slide_content(slide) {
+                // Past the item limit, a slide with other content would be deleted by a replace.
+                omitted = true;
+                break 'slides;
             }
             continue;
         }
         for sh in pics {
             let ShapeKind::Picture { fill } = &sh.kind else { continue };
             let media = doc.media(fill.media);
+            let size = media.map_or(0, |m| m.data.len());
+            if items.len() >= ALBUM_MAX_ITEMS || size > ALBUM_MAX_BYTES || total.saturating_add(size) > ALBUM_MAX_TOTAL {
+                omitted = true;
+                break 'slides;
+            }
+            total += size;
             let name = if !sh.descr.is_empty() {
                 sh.descr.clone()
             } else {
@@ -626,14 +666,19 @@ fn items_from_slides(doc: &deckcraft_model::Presentation, slides: &[&deckcraft_m
             }));
         }
     }
-    items
+    (items, omitted)
+}
+
+/// The slides of album `ids` as the editor would seed them.
+fn album_slides<'a>(st: &'a crate::DocState, ids: &[u64]) -> Vec<&'a deckcraft_model::Slide> {
+    ids.iter().filter_map(|sid| u32::try_from(*sid).ok()).filter_map(|n| st.doc.slide(deckcraft_model::SlideId(n))).collect()
 }
 
 fn album_seed(s: &Session) -> Result<Value> {
     let (id, ids) = album_target(s, &Value::Null)?;
     let st = s.doc()?;
-    let slides: Vec<&deckcraft_model::Slide> =
-        ids.iter().filter_map(|sid| u32::try_from(*sid).ok()).filter_map(|n| st.doc.slide(deckcraft_model::SlideId(n))).collect();
+    let slides = album_slides(st, &ids);
+    let (items, _) = items_from_slides(&st.doc, &slides);
     let theme_now = st.doc.masters.first().map(|m| m.theme.name.clone()).filter(|n| !n.is_empty()).unwrap_or_else(|| "DeckCraft".into());
     let inferred = infer_album(&slides, &theme_now);
     let mark = slides.first().and_then(|sl| sl.raw_ext.as_deref().and_then(parse_album_mark));
@@ -655,7 +700,7 @@ fn album_seed(s: &Session) -> Result<Value> {
         "captions": captions,
         "grayscale": grayscale,
         "theme": theme,
-        "items": items_from_slides(&st.doc, &slides),
+        "items": items,
     }))
 }
 
@@ -722,3 +767,96 @@ fn insert_album(s: &mut Session, items: Vec<AlbumItem>, opts: &AlbumOpts, at: Op
     s.execute("slide.go", &json!({"index": first}))?;
     Ok(json!({"slides": slides, "first": first, "pictures": pictures, "album": album_id}))
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod seed_tests {
+    use std::sync::Arc;
+
+    use deckcraft_model::style::PictureFill;
+    use deckcraft_model::{Shape, ShapeId, defaults};
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn reopening_an_album_seeds_at_most_the_items_an_album_takes() {
+        // One picture named by 500 shapes: the dialog gets 48 items, not 500 encoded copies.
+        let mut p = defaults::new_presentation(None);
+        let img = p.add_media("a.png", "image/png", vec![1; 64 * 1024]).unwrap();
+        let pic = |k: u32| Shape {
+            id: ShapeId(10_000 + k),
+            kind: ShapeKind::Picture { fill: PictureFill { media: img, ..Default::default() } },
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        Arc::make_mut(&mut p.slides[0]).shapes = (0..500).map(pic).collect();
+        let slides: Vec<&deckcraft_model::Slide> = p.slides.iter().map(|s| s.as_ref()).collect();
+        let (items, omitted) = items_from_slides(&p, &slides);
+        assert_eq!(items.len(), ALBUM_MAX_ITEMS);
+        assert!(omitted);
+        let few: Vec<&deckcraft_model::Slide> = Vec::new();
+        assert!(!items_from_slides(&p, &few).1);
+    }
+
+    /// An album too big for the editor's seed cannot be replaced from that seed: the replace would
+    /// delete what the seed left out.
+    #[test]
+    fn editing_an_album_the_editor_cannot_hold_is_refused() {
+        let mut s = crate::Session::new();
+        s.execute("file.new", &json!({})).unwrap();
+        let texts: Vec<Value> = (0..ALBUM_MAX_ITEMS).map(|i| json!({"text": format!("t{i}")})).collect();
+        s.execute("insert.photoAlbum", &json!({"pictures": texts, "layout": "1"})).unwrap();
+        let st = s.doc_mut().unwrap();
+        let doc = Arc::make_mut(&mut st.doc);
+        let mut extra = doc.slides.last().unwrap().as_ref().clone();
+        extra.id = deckcraft_model::SlideId(doc.alloc_id().unwrap());
+        doc.slides.push(Arc::new(extra));
+        let n = doc.slides.len();
+        let e = s.execute("insert.photoAlbumEdit", &json!({"pictures": [{"text": "x"}], "layout": "1"})).unwrap_err().to_string();
+        assert!(e.contains("delete the rest"), "{e}");
+        assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.slides.len(), n);
+    }
+
+    /// Past the item limit, a slide holding only a drawing counts as content the replace would delete.
+    #[test]
+    fn editing_an_album_with_a_drawing_slide_past_the_limit_is_refused() {
+        let mut s = crate::Session::new();
+        s.execute("file.new", &json!({})).unwrap();
+        let texts: Vec<Value> = (0..ALBUM_MAX_ITEMS).map(|i| json!({"text": format!("t{i}")})).collect();
+        s.execute("insert.photoAlbum", &json!({"pictures": texts, "layout": "1"})).unwrap();
+        let st = s.doc_mut().unwrap();
+        let doc = Arc::make_mut(&mut st.doc);
+        let mut extra = doc.slides.last().unwrap().as_ref().clone();
+        extra.id = deckcraft_model::SlideId(doc.alloc_id().unwrap());
+        extra.shapes = vec![Shape { id: ShapeId(90_000), ..Default::default() }];
+        doc.slides.push(Arc::new(extra));
+        let e = s.execute("insert.photoAlbumEdit", &json!({"pictures": [{"text": "x"}], "layout": "1"})).unwrap_err().to_string();
+        assert!(e.contains("delete the rest"), "{e}");
+    }
+
+    /// Notes or comments on a shapeless slide past the limit are content a replace would delete.
+    #[test]
+    fn editing_an_album_with_a_notes_only_slide_past_the_limit_is_refused() {
+        let mut s = crate::Session::new();
+        s.execute("file.new", &json!({})).unwrap();
+        let texts: Vec<Value> = (0..ALBUM_MAX_ITEMS).map(|i| json!({"text": format!("t{i}")})).collect();
+        s.execute("insert.photoAlbum", &json!({"pictures": texts, "layout": "1"})).unwrap();
+        let st = s.doc_mut().unwrap();
+        let doc = Arc::make_mut(&mut st.doc);
+        let mut extra = doc.slides.last().unwrap().as_ref().clone();
+        extra.id = deckcraft_model::SlideId(doc.alloc_id().unwrap());
+        extra.shapes.clear();
+        extra.notes = deckcraft_model::text::TextBody::from_text("speaker notes");
+        doc.slides.push(Arc::new(extra));
+        let e = s.execute("insert.photoAlbumEdit", &json!({"pictures": [{"text": "x"}], "layout": "1"})).unwrap_err().to_string();
+        assert!(e.contains("delete the rest"), "{e}");
+    }
+
+    /// A shapeless slide with a background, transition, colour map or tags counts as content; a plain empty one does not.
+    #[test]
+    fn slide_level_settings_count_as_slide_content() {
+        use deckcraft_model::Slide;
+        assert!(!has_slide_content(&Slide::default()));
+        assert!(has_slide_content(&Slide { tags: vec![("k".into(), "v".into())], ..Default::default() }));
+        assert!(has_slide_content(&Slide { color_map: Some(vec![("bg1".into(), "lt1".into())]), ..Default::default() }));
+        assert!(has_slide_content(&Slide { transition: Some(Default::default()), ..Default::default() }));
+    }
+}

crates/engine/src/file_access.rs

@@ -85,14 +85,20 @@ impl AutomationRoots {
 
     /// May the file or folder at `path` be read (or written)? `Err` says why not.
     pub fn check(&self, path: &str, access: Access) -> Result<(), String> {
+        self.check_path(Path::new(path), access)
+    }
+
+    /// [`Self::check`] for a path that may not be UTF-8: the checked path is the one opened.
+    pub fn check_path(&self, path: &Path, access: Access) -> Result<(), String> {
+        let path_text = path.display();
         let roots = match access {
             Access::Read => &self.read,
             Access::Write => &self.write,
         };
         if roots.is_empty() {
             return match access {
-                Access::Read => Err(format!("automation filesystem access is not granted: read authority is absent: {path}")),
-                Access::Write => Err(format!("automation filesystem access is not granted: write authority is absent: {path}")),
+                Access::Read => Err(format!("automation filesystem access is not granted: read authority is absent: {path_text}")),
+                Access::Write => Err(format!("automation filesystem access is not granted: write authority is absent: {path_text}")),
             };
         }
         let resolved = resolve(path)?;
@@ -101,8 +107,8 @@ impl AutomationRoots {
         }
         let roots = roots.iter().map(|root| root.shown.display().to_string()).collect::<Vec<_>>().join(", ");
         match access {
-            Access::Read => Err(format!("automation path rejected: outside the read roots {roots}: {path}")),
-            Access::Write => Err(format!("automation path rejected: outside the write roots {roots}: {path}")),
+            Access::Read => Err(format!("automation path rejected: outside the read roots {roots}: {path_text}")),
+            Access::Write => Err(format!("automation path rejected: outside the write roots {roots}: {path_text}")),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -191,17 +197,23 @@ pub fn check_write(path: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
     current().map_or(Ok(()), |r| r.check(path, Access::Write))
 }
 
+/// May `path` be written here? Always, without roots in force. For a path that may not be UTF-8.
+pub fn check_write_path(path: &Path) -> Result<(), String> {
+    current().map_or(Ok(()), |r| r.check_path(path, Access::Write))
+}
+
 /// `path` made absolute with its links followed; for a path that doesn't exist (yet), its nearest
 /// existing folder's links followed and the rest appended.
-fn resolve(path: &str) -> Result<PathBuf, String> {
-    if path.is_empty() {
+fn resolve(path: &Path) -> Result<PathBuf, String> {
+    if path.as_os_str().is_empty() {
         return Err("automation path rejected: path is empty".into());
     }
+    let shown = path.display();
     // Checked as given: making `…\NUL` absolute gives the device path `\\.\NUL` on Windows.
-    if cfg!(windows) && Path::new(path).components().any(|c| matches!(c, Component::Normal(n) if is_device_name(&n.to_string_lossy()))) {
-        return Err(format!("automation path rejected: reserved device names are not allowed: {path}"));
+    if cfg!(windows) && path.components().any(|c| matches!(c, Component::Normal(n) if is_device_name(&n.to_string_lossy()))) {
+        return Err(format!("automation path rejected: reserved device names are not allowed: {shown}"));
     }
-    let absolute = std::path::absolute(path).map_err(|e| format!("automation path rejected: cannot resolve {path}: {e}"))?;
+    let absolute = std::path::absolute(path).map_err(|e| format!("automation path rejected: cannot resolve {shown}: {e}"))?;
     // The names below the nearest existing folder, last first.
     let mut missing: Vec<OsString> = vec![];
     let mut at = absolute.as_path();
@@ -212,11 +224,11 @@ fn resolve(path: &str) -> Result<PathBuf, String> {
                 return Ok(found);
             }
             Err(e) => match std::fs::symlink_metadata(at) {
-                Ok(m) if m.file_type().is_symlink() => return Err(format!("automation path rejected: a link that leads nowhere: {path}")),
+                Ok(m) if m.file_type().is_symlink() => return Err(format!("automation path rejected: a link that leads nowhere: {shown}")),
                 // There, yet its real path can't be had (no permission): nothing to compare.
-                Ok(_) => return Err(format!("automation path rejected: cannot resolve {path}: {e}")),
+                Ok(_) => return Err(format!("automation path rejected: cannot resolve {shown}: {e}")),
                 Err(e) if e.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => {}
-                Err(e) => return Err(format!("automation path rejected: cannot resolve {path}: {e}")),
+                Err(e) => return Err(format!("automation path rejected: cannot resolve {shown}: {e}")),
             },
         }
         let parent = at.parent();
@@ -226,12 +238,12 @@ fn resolve(path: &str) -> Result<PathBuf, String> {
                 at = parent;
             }
             (Some(Component::ParentDir), _) => {
-                return Err(format!("automation path rejected: parent traversal below a folder that doesn't exist: {path}"));
+                return Err(format!("automation path rejected: parent traversal below a folder that doesn't exist: {shown}"));
             }
             // Down to the root (or drive) and it doesn't exist either.
             _ => {
                 let e = std::io::Error::from(std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound);
-                return Err(format!("automation path rejected: cannot resolve {path}: {e}"));
+                return Err(format!("automation path rejected: cannot resolve {shown}: {e}"));
             }
         }
     }

crates/engine/src/spell.rs

@@ -699,6 +699,8 @@ pub fn add_user_word(word: &str) -> std::io::Result<()> {
         return Ok(());
     }
     let path = user_dictionary_path().ok_or_else(|| std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound, "no folder for the user dictionary"))?;
+    // A confined automation client may write only inside its write roots, this file included.
+    crate::file_access::check_write_path(&path).map_err(|e| std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::PermissionDenied, e))?;
     if let Some(d) = path.parent() {
         std::fs::create_dir_all(d)?;
     }
@@ -1020,6 +1022,20 @@ SFX D Y 1\nSFX D 0 ed/S .\n";
         assert_eq!(w, vec!["check", "done"]);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn a_confined_client_cannot_write_the_user_dictionary_outside_its_roots() {
+        let root = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("deckcraft-dict-root-{}", std::process::id()));
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(&root).unwrap();
+        let roots = crate::file_access::AutomationRoots::new(std::slice::from_ref(&root), std::slice::from_ref(&root)).unwrap();
+        // The user dictionary is a file of its own outside `root`, not whatever HOME points at.
+        let outside = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("deckcraft-dict-outside-{}", std::process::id()));
+        set_user_dictionary_path(outside.join("user.dic"));
+        let r = crate::file_access::confine(roots.as_ref(), || add_user_word("zqxconfinedword"));
+        assert_eq!(r.map_err(|e| e.kind()), Err(std::io::ErrorKind::PermissionDenied));
+        assert!(!outside.exists(), "the refused write created nothing");
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&root);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn a_long_paragraph_with_a_huge_language_is_checked_in_linear_work() {
         use deckcraft_model::{Paragraph, Run, RunProps};

crates/fonts/src/fallback.rs

@@ -169,8 +169,14 @@ impl FontDb {
                 if bundled.contains(fam) {
                     continue;
                 }
-                if self.is_loaded(fam) || self.has_family(fam) {
-                    let f = self.face(fam, style);
+                if self.is_loaded(fam) || (self.system_fallback_enabled() && self.has_family(fam)) {
+                    // With system fallback off, only a face that is already loaded: `face` could load more catalog files.
+                    let f = if self.system_fallback_enabled() {
+                        self.face(fam, style)
+                    } else {
+                        let Some(f) = self.find(fam, style) else { continue };
+                        f
+                    };
                     if f.family.eq_ignore_ascii_case(fam) && covers_cluster(&f, cluster) {
                         return f;
                     }
@@ -311,4 +317,21 @@ mod tests {
             assert!(c.windows(2).all(|w| w[0] <= w[1]));
         }
     }
+
+    /// With system fallback off, the automatic cascades (script families and symbol faces) load no
+    /// installed family: the result comes from what is already loaded.
+    #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+    #[test]
+    fn cascades_load_no_installed_family_when_system_fallback_is_off() {
+        let db = FontDb::with_font_dirs(Vec::new());
+        db.set_system_fallback(false);
+        let base = db.face(crate::DEFAULT_FAMILY, "Regular");
+        let loaded = |db: &FontDb| [b"Arab", b"Hebr", b"Thai", b"Deva"].into_iter().flat_map(|s| os_families(*s)).filter(|f| db.is_loaded(f)).count();
+        let before = loaded(&db);
+        for c in ['\u{0628}', '\u{05D0}', '\u{0E01}', '\u{0905}', '\u{2211}', '\u{2603}'] {
+            let f = db.cascade(&[c], std::slice::from_ref(&base), "Regular");
+            assert!(!f.family.is_empty());
+        }
+        assert_eq!(loaded(&db), before, "no installed family was loaded");
+    }
 }

crates/fonts/src/fontdb.rs

@@ -976,6 +976,17 @@ impl FontDb {
         let _ = on;
     }
 
+    /// Whether automatic system-font lookups (fallback by character, symbol and script families)
+    /// may touch installed fonts. Lookups of a family the document or host names are not gated.
+    pub(crate) fn system_fallback_enabled(&self) -> bool {
+        #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+        {
+            self.sys.lock().unwrap_or_else(std::sync::PoisonError::into_inner).enabled
+        }
+        #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+        false
+    }
+
     /// Process-wide database: the bundled fonts, then the installed system fonts, cataloged the
     /// first time a lookup by family name needs them (or ahead of time by
     /// [`FontDb::scan_in_background`]).
@@ -1287,7 +1298,7 @@ impl FontDb {
         Some(f)
     }
 
-    fn find(&self, family: &str, style: &str) -> Option<Arc<FontFace>> {
+    pub(crate) fn find(&self, family: &str, style: &str) -> Option<Arc<FontFace>> {
         if style.contains('{') {
             {
                 let faces = self.read_faces();
@@ -1473,7 +1484,8 @@ impl FontDb {
         };
         #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
         {
-            let cataloged: Vec<String> = self.read_catalog().iter().map(|e| e.family.clone()).collect();
+            let cataloged: Vec<String> =
+                if self.system_fallback_enabled() { self.read_catalog().iter().map(|e| e.family.clone()).collect() } else { Vec::new() };
             for fam in SYSTEM_FALLBACKS.iter().filter(|f| f.contains("Symbol")) {
                 if !self.is_loaded(fam) && cataloged.iter().any(|f| f.eq_ignore_ascii_case(fam)) {
                     self.load_cataloged(fam);

crates/fonts/src/tests.rs

@@ -425,3 +425,11 @@ fn the_font_scan_skips_fifos_folders_and_link_loops() {
     assert!(fifo || n >= 1);
     let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn disabling_system_fallback_gates_automatic_family_loads() {
+    let db = FontDb::with_font_dirs(Vec::new());
+    assert!(cfg!(target_arch = "wasm32") || db.system_fallback_enabled());
+    db.set_system_fallback(false);
+    assert!(!db.system_fallback_enabled());
+}

crates/hevc/src/decoder.rs

@@ -404,10 +404,36 @@ impl Decoder {
             chroma_planes: if chroma == 0 { 0 } else { 2 },
             bytes_per_sample: 2,
         };
+        let frame_bytes = |f: &crate::picture::Frame| {
+            (f.width as u64)
+                .saturating_mul(f.height as u64)
+                .saturating_add((f.cwidth as u64).saturating_mul(f.cheight as u64).saturating_mul(2))
+                .saturating_mul(2)
+        };
+        // Output frames waiting to be returned stay allocated after they leave the DPB, at their
+        // own size: a resolution change in this call can leave pictures of the previous SPS.
+        let queued: u64 = self
+            .out_queue
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|o| !self.dpb.entries.iter().any(|e| Arc::ptr_eq(&e.frame, &o.frame)) && !self.in_flight.iter().any(|f| Arc::ptr_eq(f, &o.frame)))
+            .map(|o| frame_bytes(&o.frame))
+            .fold(0, u64::saturating_add);
+        // Frames the DPB holds now count at their own size too (an SPS change flushes them into the
+        // queue before the new pictures are made): the DPB part is the larger of its new slots and that.
+        let held: u64 = self.dpb.entries.iter().map(|e| frame_bytes(&e.frame)).fold(0, u64::saturating_add);
+        // A queued frame still being decoded is one of the in-flight pictures already reserved, so the
+        // queue and the in-flight reservation overlap: charge the larger, not both.
         let pictures = u64::from(sps.max_dec_pic_buffering) + 1 + self.max_in_flight as u64;
+        let slots = shape.store_bytes(u64::from(sps.max_dec_pic_buffering));
+        let flight = shape.store_bytes(self.max_in_flight as u64);
+        let total = shape
+            .store_bytes(1)
+            .zip(slots)
+            .zip(flight)
+            .map(|((one, slots), flight)| slots.max(held).saturating_add(one).saturating_add(flight).saturating_add(queued));
         ensure!(
-            shape.fits(pictures, self.memory_budget),
-            "{}x{} pictures with {pictures} in the decoder exceed the memory budget",
+            total.is_some_and(|b| b <= self.memory_budget),
+            "{}x{} pictures with {pictures} in the decoder and {queued} bytes queued exceed the memory budget",
             sps.width,
             sps.height
         );

crates/mcp/src/server.rs

@@ -16,6 +16,12 @@ const INVALID_REQUEST: i64 = -32600;
 const METHOD_NOT_FOUND: i64 = -32601;
 const INVALID_PARAMS: i64 = -32602;
 const INTERNAL_ERROR: i64 = -32603;
+
+/// Entries one batch (a JSON-RPC batch, or the `batch` tool's commands) may hold.
+pub(crate) const MAX_BATCH_ITEMS: usize = 1000;
+/// Bytes of results one batch may gather before the rest of it is refused: each result can copy
+/// much of the document (an inspection holds every note), so a batch holds at most this much.
+pub(crate) const MAX_BATCH_BYTES: usize = 64 << 20;
 const RESOURCE_NOT_FOUND: i64 = -32002;
 /// Keep request frames in step with the connected backend's reply limit.
 const MAX_FRAME_BYTES: usize = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
@@ -93,8 +99,28 @@ impl Server {
                 // Batches were removed in 2025-06-18; still answer older clients sensibly.
                 if batch.is_empty() {
                     Some(error(Value::Null, INVALID_REQUEST, "empty batch"))
+                } else if batch.len() > MAX_BATCH_ITEMS {
+                    Some(error(Value::Null, INVALID_REQUEST, format!("a batch holds at most {MAX_BATCH_ITEMS} messages")))
                 } else {
-                    let replies: Vec<Value> = batch.into_iter().filter_map(|m| self.handle(m)).collect();
+                    let mut used = 0usize;
+                    let mut replies: Vec<Value> = Vec::new();
+                    for m in batch {
+                        if used > MAX_BATCH_BYTES {
+                            // Not run: answer each remaining request with a short error.
+                            if let Some(id) = m.get("id").filter(|id| id.is_string() || id.is_number()) {
+                                replies.push(error(id.clone(), INTERNAL_ERROR, "the batch's replies passed 64 MiB; not run"));
+                            }
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        if let Some(r) = self.handle(m) {
+                            used = used.saturating_add(r.to_string().len());
+                            replies.push(if used > MAX_BATCH_BYTES {
+                                error(r.get("id").cloned().unwrap_or(Value::Null), INTERNAL_ERROR, "the batch's replies passed 64 MiB; reply dropped")
+                            } else {
+                                r
+                            });
+                        }
+                    }
                     (!replies.is_empty()).then_some(Value::Array(replies))
                 }
             }

crates/mcp/src/tools.rs

@@ -357,21 +357,40 @@ pub fn call_tool(b: &mut dyn Backend, name: &str, a: &Value) -> ToolResult {
             wrap(exec(b, c, a.get("params").cloned().unwrap_or(json!({}))))
         }
         "batch" => {
+            use crate::server::{MAX_BATCH_BYTES, MAX_BATCH_ITEMS};
             let keep = a.get("keepGoing").and_then(Value::as_bool).unwrap_or(false);
+            let commands = a.get("commands").and_then(Value::as_array).map(Vec::as_slice).unwrap_or_default();
+            if commands.len() > MAX_BATCH_ITEMS {
+                return ToolResult::error(format!("a batch holds at most {MAX_BATCH_ITEMS} commands"));
+            }
             let mut out = vec![];
-            for c in a.get("commands").and_then(Value::as_array).cloned().unwrap_or_default() {
+            let mut used = 0usize;
+            for c in commands {
                 let id = c.get("command").and_then(Value::as_str).unwrap_or("");
-                match exec(b, id, c.get("params").cloned().unwrap_or(json!({}))) {
-                    Ok(v) => out.push(json!({"command": id, "ok": true, "result": v})),
-                    Err(e) => {
-                        out.push(json!({"command": id, "ok": false, "error": e}));
-                        if !keep {
-                            return ToolResult { content: vec![json!({"type": "text", "text": Value::Array(out).to_string()})], is_error: true };
-                        }
-                    }
+                let (entry, failed) = match exec(b, id, c.get("params").cloned().unwrap_or(json!({}))) {
+                    Ok(v) => (json!({"command": id, "ok": true, "result": v}), false),
+                    Err(e) => (json!({"command": id, "ok": false, "error": e}), true),
+                };
+                // What the reply carries: the entry as text, escaped again inside the JSON-RPC reply.
+                // Failures count too: with keepGoing, a remote backend's large errors add up.
+                used = used.saturating_add(json!(entry.to_string()).to_string().len());
+                if used > MAX_BATCH_BYTES {
+                    let shown: String = id.chars().take(128).collect();
+                    out.push(json!({"command": shown, "ok": false, "error": "the batch's results passed 64 MiB; stopped here"}));
+                    return ToolResult { content: vec![json!({"type": "text", "text": Value::Array(out).to_string()})], is_error: true };
+                }
+                out.push(entry);
+                if failed && !keep {
+                    return ToolResult { content: vec![json!({"type": "text", "text": Value::Array(out).to_string()})], is_error: true };
                 }
             }
-            ToolResult::json(&Value::Array(out))
+            // The reply is pretty-printed, which is longer than the compact entries counted above.
+            let reply = ToolResult::json(&Value::Array(out));
+            let text = reply.content[0]["text"].as_str().unwrap_or_default();
+            if json!(text).to_string().len() > MAX_BATCH_BYTES {
+                return ToolResult::error("the batch's results passed 64 MiB; nothing is returned");
+            }
+            reply
         }
         "new_presentation" => wrap(exec(b, "file.new", a)),
         "open_presentation" => wrap(exec(b, "file.open", a)),

crates/mcp/tests/it/batch_budget.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+//! A batch (JSON-RPC or the `batch` tool) is bounded in entries and in the bytes of results it
+//! gathers, so a short request cannot copy a large document into memory hundreds of times.
+
+use deckcraft_mcp::{Headless, Server};
+use serde_json::{Value, json};
+
+fn server_with_notes(bytes: usize) -> Server {
+    let mut server = Server::new(Box::new(Headless::with_document()));
+    let line = json!({"jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": 1, "method": "tools/call", "params": {"name": "run_command", "arguments": {"command": "slide.notes", "params": {"text": "n".repeat(bytes)}}}});
+    let reply: Value = serde_json::from_str(&server.handle_line(&line.to_string()).unwrap()).unwrap();
+    assert_ne!(reply["result"]["isError"], true, "{reply}");
+    server
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn json_rpc_batches_are_bounded_in_entries_and_reply_bytes() {
+    let mut server = server_with_notes(1 << 20);
+    let ping = |i: usize| json!({"jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": i, "method": "ping"});
+    let too_many: Vec<Value> = (0..1001).map(ping).collect();
+    let reply: Value = serde_json::from_str(&server.handle_line(&Value::Array(too_many).to_string()).unwrap()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(reply["error"]["code"], -32600, "{reply}");
+    // 100 inspections of a slide with 1 MB of notes: about 64 are answered, the rest refused.
+    let inspect = |i: usize| json!({"jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": i, "method": "tools/call", "params": {"name": "inspect_slide", "arguments": {}}});
+    let line = Value::Array((0..100).map(inspect).collect()).to_string();
+    let reply = server.handle_line(&line).unwrap();
+    assert!(reply.len() < (64 << 20) + (4 << 20), "{} bytes", reply.len());
+    let replies: Vec<Value> = serde_json::from_str(&reply).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(replies.len(), 100, "every request is answered");
+    assert!(replies.last().unwrap()["error"]["message"].as_str().unwrap().contains("64 MiB"));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn the_batch_tool_is_bounded_in_commands_and_result_bytes() {
+    let mut server = server_with_notes(1 << 20);
+    let call = |server: &mut Server, commands: Vec<Value>| {
+        let line = json!({"jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": 1, "method": "tools/call", "params": {"name": "batch", "arguments": {"commands": commands, "keepGoing": true}}});
+        let reply: Value = serde_json::from_str(&server.handle_line(&line.to_string()).unwrap()).unwrap();
+        (reply["result"]["isError"] == true, reply["result"]["content"][0]["text"].as_str().unwrap_or_default().to_string())
+    };
+    let (err, text) = call(&mut server, vec![json!({"command": "document.inspect"}); 1001]);
+    assert!(err && text.contains("at most 1000"), "{text}");
+    let (err, text) = call(&mut server, vec![json!({"command": "slide.inspect"}); 100]);
+    assert!(err && text.contains("64 MiB"), "{}", &text[text.len().saturating_sub(200)..]);
+    assert!(text.len() < (64 << 20) + (4 << 20));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn the_batch_tool_charges_the_escaped_reply() {
+    // Quotes escape twice on the way out (`\\\"`), so 30 results of ~2 MiB serialize to ~120 MiB.
+    let mut server = Server::new(Box::new(Headless::with_document()));
+    let notes = json!({"jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": 1, "method": "tools/call", "params": {"name": "run_command", "arguments": {"command": "slide.notes", "params": {"text": "\"".repeat(1 << 20)}}}});
+    server.handle_line(&notes.to_string()).unwrap();
+    let commands = vec![json!({"command": "slide.inspect"}); 30];
+    let line = json!({"jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": 2, "method": "tools/call", "params": {"name": "batch", "arguments": {"commands": commands, "keepGoing": true}}});
+    let reply = server.handle_line(&line.to_string()).unwrap();
+    assert!(reply.len() < (64 << 20) + (4 << 20), "{} bytes", reply.len());
+    assert!(reply.contains("64 MiB"));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn the_batch_tool_charges_failures_too() {
+    // Each unknown command's error echoes its ~1 MiB id; with keepGoing none of them is a result.
+    let mut server = Server::new(Box::new(Headless::with_document()));
+    let id = "x".repeat(1 << 20);
+    let commands = vec![json!({"command": id}); 70];
+    let line = json!({"jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": 2, "method": "tools/call", "params": {"name": "batch", "arguments": {"commands": commands, "keepGoing": true}}});
+    let reply = server.handle_line(&line.to_string()).unwrap();
+    assert!(reply.len() < (64 << 20) + (4 << 20), "{} bytes", reply.len());
+    assert!(reply.contains("64 MiB"));
+}

crates/mcp/tests/it/main.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 // Integration tests: unwrapping and panicking on failure is fine here, unlike in shipped code (AGENTS.md).
 #[allow(clippy::unwrap_used, clippy::expect_used, clippy::panic)]
 mod automation_roots;
+#[allow(clippy::unwrap_used, clippy::expect_used, clippy::panic)]
+mod batch_budget;

crates/metafile/src/canvas.rs

@@ -313,6 +313,8 @@ pub(crate) struct Canvas {
     saved: Vec<Saved>,
     /// Bytes held by the items so far (path ops and pixels), capped at [`MAX_BYTES`].
     used: usize,
+    /// Bytes retained outside the canvas (EMF+ objects) that count against the same cap.
+    held: usize,
     objects: Vec<Option<Obj>>,
     pen: Pen,
     brush: Brush,
@@ -345,6 +347,7 @@ impl Canvas {
             viewport_set: false,
             saved: Vec::new(),
             used: 0,
+            held: 0,
             objects: Vec::new(),
             pen: Pen { style: 0, width: 0.0, color: [0, 0, 0, 255] },
             brush: Brush::new(BS_SOLID, [255, 255, 255, 255]),
@@ -368,6 +371,17 @@ impl Canvas {
         self.surface = clip::normalize(rect);
     }
 
+    /// Bytes retained outside the canvas that share its budget (see [`Canvas::hold`]).
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    pub(crate) fn held(&self) -> usize {
+        self.held
+    }
+
+    /// Bytes the canvas has retained so far.
+    pub fn used(&self) -> usize {
+        self.used
+    }
+
     /// True once the item cap is hit; the readers stop there and keep what they have.
     pub fn full(&self) -> bool {
         self.full
@@ -385,6 +399,12 @@ impl Canvas {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Records the bytes another part of the player retains, so the items and they stay within
+    /// [`MAX_BYTES`] together.
+    pub fn hold(&mut self, bytes: usize) {
+        self.held = bytes;
+    }
+
     fn push_raw(&mut self, mut raw: Raw) {
         if self.clip.as_ref().is_some_and(Vec::is_empty) {
             return;
@@ -402,7 +422,7 @@ impl Canvas {
             Raw::Bitmap { img, .. } => img.px.len(),
             Raw::Text { text: t, .. } => t.text.len() + t.dx.len() * 4 + t.font.family.len() + 128,
         } + region_cost;
-        if self.items.len() >= MAX_ITEMS || self.used.saturating_add(cost) > MAX_BYTES {
+        if self.items.len() >= MAX_ITEMS || self.used.saturating_add(self.held).saturating_add(cost) > MAX_BYTES {
             self.full = true;
         } else {
             self.used += cost;
@@ -551,6 +571,10 @@ impl Canvas {
     /// of at most [`SHADE_RES`] cells on the longer side, laid out so that its one repeat covers
     /// the shape.
     pub fn shade_shape(&mut self, ops: &[Op], shade: &dyn Fn(P) -> [u8; 4]) {
+        // A full canvas or an empty clip keeps nothing more, so do not sample a tile for it.
+        if self.full || self.clip.as_ref().is_some_and(Vec::is_empty) {
+            return;
+        }
         let dev: Vec<Op> = ops.iter().map(|o| self.map_op(*o)).collect();
         let Some([l, t, r, b]) = crate::cliprect::ops_bbox(&dev) else { return };
         let side = (r - l).max(b - t);
@@ -666,7 +690,7 @@ impl Canvas {
         // A pattern brush's pixels count against the byte budget like drawn items.
         if let Obj::Brush(Brush { pattern: Some(p), .. }) = &obj {
             let cost = p.px.len();
-            if self.used.saturating_add(cost) > MAX_BYTES {
+            if self.used.saturating_add(self.held).saturating_add(cost) > MAX_BYTES {
                 self.full = true;
                 return;
             }

crates/metafile/src/emfplus.rs

@@ -288,13 +288,23 @@ impl Plus {
         if !self.active {
             return None;
         }
-        match typ {
-            0x4008 => self.object(flags, r),
+        let done = match typ {
+            0x4008 => self.object(flags, r, cv.used().saturating_add(self.clip_bytes())),
             0x4009 | 0x4013 | 0x401A..=0x401C | 0x4036 => self.record_image_text_region(cv, typ, flags, r),
             0x4025..=0x4035 => self.record_state(cv, typ, flags, r),
             0x4010..=0x4012 | 0x4016..=0x4019 => self.record_curve(cv, typ, flags, r),
             _ => self.record_shape(cv, typ, flags, r),
-        }
+        };
+        // What this player retains (objects, a continued object's pieces, the current and saved
+        // clips) shares the canvas's byte budget; clip changes are charged as they happen.
+        cv.hold(self.object_bytes.saturating_add(self.partial.as_ref().map_or(0, |p| p.data.len())).saturating_add(self.clip_bytes()));
+        done
+    }
+
+    /// Bytes of the current clip and of every saved one.
+    fn clip_bytes(&self) -> usize {
+        let area = |a: &Area| a.as_ref().map_or(0, |v| v.len().saturating_mul(std::mem::size_of::<P>()));
+        self.stack.iter().map(|s| area(&s.clip)).fold(area(&self.clip), usize::saturating_add)
     }
 
     /// Rectangle, polygon, ellipse and path records.
@@ -559,7 +569,7 @@ impl Plus {
         Some(())
     }
 
-    fn object(&mut self, flags: u16, r: Bytes) -> Option<()> {
+    fn object(&mut self, flags: u16, r: Bytes, canvas_used: usize) -> Option<()> {
         let id = usize::from(flags & 0xFF);
         let kind = (flags >> 8) & 0x7F;
         if flags & 0x8000 != 0 {
@@ -575,7 +585,7 @@ impl Plus {
             p.data.extend_from_slice(&chunk[..chunk.len().min(room)]);
             if p.data.len() >= p.total {
                 let obj = parse_object(p.kind, Bytes(&p.data));
-                self.store(p.id, obj);
+                self.store(p.id, obj, canvas_used);
             } else {
                 self.partial = Some(p);
             }
@@ -589,22 +599,23 @@ impl Plus {
             let room = p.total.saturating_sub(p.data.len());
             p.data.extend_from_slice(&r.0[..r.0.len().min(room)]);
             let obj = parse_object(kind, Bytes(&p.data));
-            self.store(id, obj);
+            self.store(id, obj, canvas_used);
             return Some(());
         }
         let obj = parse_object(kind, r);
-        self.store(id, obj);
+        self.store(id, obj, canvas_used);
         Some(())
     }
 
-    fn store(&mut self, id: usize, obj: Option<Obj>) {
+    /// `canvas_used` is what the canvas already retains: objects and items share one budget.
+    fn store(&mut self, id: usize, obj: Option<Obj>, canvas_used: usize) {
         let Some(slot) = self.objects.get_mut(id) else { return };
         if let Some(old) = slot.take() {
             self.object_bytes = self.object_bytes.saturating_sub(Self::obj_cost(&old));
         }
         if let Some(new_obj) = obj {
             let cost = Self::obj_cost(&new_obj);
-            if self.object_bytes.saturating_add(cost) <= crate::MAX_BYTES {
+            if self.object_bytes.saturating_add(cost).saturating_add(canvas_used) <= crate::MAX_BYTES {
                 self.object_bytes += cost;
                 *slot = Some(new_obj);
             }
@@ -615,7 +626,7 @@ impl Plus {
         match obj {
             Obj::Image(img) => match img.as_ref() {
                 ImageData::Bitmap(rgba) => rgba.px.len(),
-                ImageData::Meta(pic) => pic.items.len().saturating_mul(128),
+                ImageData::Meta(pic) => picture_cost(&pic.items),
             },
             Obj::Brush(Fill::Texture { img, .. }) => img.px.len(),
             Obj::Path(ops) => ops.len().saturating_mul(std::mem::size_of::<Op>()),
@@ -1282,6 +1293,33 @@ fn metafile(r: Bytes) -> Option<Picture> {
     pic.filter(|p| p.width > 0.0 && p.height > 0.0)
 }
 
+/// Bytes the items of a nested picture own: path segments, clip rectangles, pixels and text, with
+/// each shared pattern tile counted once.
+fn picture_cost(items: &[crate::Item]) -> usize {
+    use crate::Item;
+    let region = |r: &Option<Vec<[f32; 4]>>| r.as_ref().map_or(0, |v| v.len().saturating_mul(16));
+    let mut tiles = std::collections::HashSet::new();
+    let mut total = 0usize;
+    for item in items {
+        let own = match item {
+            Item::Path { segs, region: r, .. } => segs.len().saturating_mul(std::mem::size_of::<crate::Seg>()).saturating_add(region(r)),
+            Item::Bitmap { rgba, region: r, .. } => rgba.len().saturating_add(region(r)),
+            Item::Pattern { segs, tile, region: r, .. } => {
+                let tile_bytes = if tiles.insert(Arc::as_ptr(tile)) { tile.rgba.len() } else { 0 };
+                segs.len().saturating_mul(std::mem::size_of::<crate::Seg>()).saturating_add(tile_bytes).saturating_add(region(r))
+            }
+            Item::Text(t) => t
+                .text
+                .len()
+                .saturating_add(t.dx.len().saturating_mul(std::mem::size_of::<f32>()))
+                .saturating_add(t.font.family.len())
+                .saturating_add(region(&t.region)),
+        };
+        total = total.saturating_add(128).saturating_add(own);
+    }
+    total
+}
+
 fn bitmap(r: Bytes) -> Option<Rgba> {
     let (w, h, stride) = (r.u32(8)? as i32, r.u32(12)? as i32, r.u32(16)? as i32);
     let format = r.u32(20)?;
@@ -1559,3 +1597,45 @@ fn wrap_line(line: &[u16], width: f64, em: f64) -> Vec<Vec<u16>> {
     out.push(cur);
     out
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod cost_tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::{Item, Seg, Tile};
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_shared_pattern_tile_is_charged_once() {
+        let tile = Arc::new(Tile { width: 512, height: 512, rgba: vec![0; 1 << 20], cell: [1.0, 1.0], origin: [0.0, 0.0] });
+        let item = || Item::Pattern { segs: vec![Seg::Move(0.0, 0.0), Seg::Line(1.0, 1.0)], even_odd: false, tile: tile.clone(), region: None };
+        let items: Vec<Item> = (0..257).map(|_| item()).collect();
+        assert!(picture_cost(&items) < 2 << 20, "{}", picture_cost(&items));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn pieces_of_a_continued_object_count_against_the_shared_budget() {
+        let (mut plus, mut cv) = (Plus::new(), Canvas::new());
+        plus.active = true;
+        // Image object (kind 5), id 0, continued: 1000 bytes announced, 100 delivered.
+        let mut rec = 1000u32.to_le_bytes().to_vec();
+        rec.extend([0u8; 100]);
+        plus.record(&mut cv, 0x4008, 0x8000 | (5 << 8), Bytes(&rec));
+        assert_eq!(cv.held(), 100);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn current_and_saved_clips_count_against_the_shared_budget() {
+        let (mut plus, mut cv) = (Plus::new(), Canvas::new());
+        plus.active = true;
+        let pts = vec![(0.0, 0.0); 1000];
+        plus.clip = Some(pts.clone());
+        plus.stack.push(Saved { id: 1, world: IDENTITY, page: 1.0, clip: Some(pts) });
+        // Any record refreshes the held count (an unknown record draws nothing).
+        plus.record(&mut cv, 0x40FF, 0, Bytes(&[]));
+        assert_eq!(cv.held(), 2 * 1000 * std::mem::size_of::<P>());
+        // Restoring the saved state releases the charge of what it dropped.
+        plus.stack.clear();
+        plus.clip = None;
+        plus.record(&mut cv, 0x40FF, 0, Bytes(&[]));
+        assert_eq!(cv.held(), 0);
+    }
+}

crates/metafile/src/place.rs

@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ impl Picture {
         let k = (c[0].abs() + c[3].abs()) / 2.0;
         let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(self.items.len());
         let mut total_elements = 0usize;
+        let region_elements = std::cell::Cell::new(0usize);
         let mut cached_region: Option<(*const [f32; 4], usize, Option<Option<Arc<BezPath>>>)> = None;
         let mut get_region = |reg: &Option<Vec<[f32; 4]>>| -> Option<Option<Arc<BezPath>>> {
             let (ptr, len) = match reg {
@@ -71,12 +72,15 @@ impl Picture {
                 return res.clone();
             }
             let res = placed_region(&tf, reg);
+            // Each distinct clip region is expanded once; its elements count against the placement budget.
+            let n = res.as_ref().and_then(Option::as_ref).map_or(0, |p| p.elements().len());
+            region_elements.set(region_elements.get().saturating_add(n));
             cached_region = Some((ptr, len, res.clone()));
             res
         };
 
         for (index, item) in self.items.iter().enumerate() {
-            if total_elements >= MAX_PLACED_ELEMENTS {
+            if total_elements.saturating_add(region_elements.get()) >= MAX_PLACED_ELEMENTS {
                 break;
             }
             match item {
@@ -84,6 +88,10 @@ impl Picture {
                     let path = tf * bez(segs);
                     let Some(region) = get_region(region) else { continue };
                     if in_range(path.bounding_box()) {
+                        // This item's own region is expanded by now: it counts before it is kept.
+                        if total_elements.saturating_add(path.elements().len()).saturating_add(region_elements.get()) > MAX_PLACED_ELEMENTS {
+                            break;
+                        }
                         total_elements = total_elements.saturating_add(path.elements().len());
                         let stroke = stroke.map(|(c, w)| (c, f64::from(w) * k));
                         out.push(PlacedItem::Path { path, fill: *fill, stroke, even_odd: *even_odd, region });
@@ -97,6 +105,9 @@ impl Picture {
                         * Affine::scale_non_uniform(f64::from(t.cell[0]), f64::from(t.cell[1]));
                     let det = tile.determinant();
                     if in_range(path.bounding_box()) && det.is_finite() && det.abs() > 1e-12 {
+                        if total_elements.saturating_add(path.elements().len()).saturating_add(region_elements.get()) > MAX_PLACED_ELEMENTS {
+                            break;
+                        }
                         total_elements = total_elements.saturating_add(path.elements().len());
                         out.push(PlacedItem::Pattern { index, path, even_odd: *even_odd, tile, region });
                     }

crates/metafile/src/tests.rs

@@ -897,6 +897,24 @@ fn place_fits_the_frame_scales_strokes_and_drops_far_paths() {
     assert_eq!(stroke.map(|s| s.1), Some(8.0));
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn place_counts_the_items_own_clip_region_before_keeping_it() {
+    // A path of 499,998 elements nearly fills the 500,000 budget; a second one whose new clip
+    // region adds elements goes past it and is left out.
+    let mut segs = vec![Seg::Move(0.0, 0.0)];
+    segs.extend((0..499_997).map(|i| Seg::Line(1.0 + (i % 50) as f32, 1.0)));
+    let big = Item::Path { segs, fill: None, stroke: None, even_odd: false, region: None };
+    let small = Item::Path {
+        segs: vec![Seg::Move(0.0, 0.0), Seg::Line(1.0, 1.0)],
+        fill: None,
+        stroke: None,
+        even_odd: false,
+        region: Some(vec![[0.0, 0.0, 50.0, 25.0], [10.0, 10.0, 20.0, 20.0]]),
+    };
+    let pic = crate::Picture { width: 100.0, height: 50.0, items: vec![big, small] };
+    assert_eq!(pic.place(kurbo::Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 100.0, 50.0), [0.0; 4]).len(), 1);
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn place_keeps_only_finite_bounded_bitmaps_with_area() {
     let bitmap = |rect: [f32; 4]| Item::Bitmap { rect, width: 1, height: 1, rgba: vec![0; 4], region: None };
@@ -2155,3 +2173,24 @@ fn region_intersection_over_budget_keeps_the_previous_area() {
     assert!(crate::cliprect::clip_polygon_within(&gon(0.0), &gon(30.0), &mut 10).is_none());
     assert!(crate::cliprect::clip_polygon_within(&gon(0.0), &gon(30.0), &mut crate::cliprect::MAX_AREA_CLIP_WORK.clone()).is_some());
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn full_canvas_does_not_sample_gradient_tiles() {
+    let mut cv = Canvas::new();
+    let big = || Rgba { w: 1, h: 1, bottom_up: false, px: vec![0u8; MAX_BYTES / 2] };
+    for _ in 0..3 {
+        cv.bitmap([0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0], big());
+    }
+    assert!(cv.full());
+    cv.shade_shape(&crate::geom::rect(0.0, 0.0, 10.0, 10.0), &|_| panic!("sampled a full canvas"));
+    assert_eq!(cv.items.len(), 2);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn canvas_budget_counts_bytes_held_elsewhere() {
+    let mut cv = Canvas::new();
+    cv.hold(MAX_BYTES - 100);
+    cv.bitmap([0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0], Rgba { w: 1, h: 1, bottom_up: false, px: vec![0u8; 200] });
+    assert!(cv.full());
+    assert!(cv.items.is_empty());
+}

crates/model/src/chart.rs

@@ -392,6 +392,9 @@ pub struct Chart {
     /// Original chart XML part kept for round-trip of unmodelled options.
     #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
     pub raw: Option<String>,
+    /// The chart was too large to model: `raw` and `kept` are written back unchanged on save.
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "std::ops::Not::not")]
+    pub verbatim: bool,
     /// Package parts the original chart still points at (embedded workbook, styles, drawings).
     /// The PPTX writer clears this before comparing modelled state. Native saves keep it too.
     #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "ChartKept::is_empty")]
@@ -485,6 +488,7 @@ impl Default for Chart {
             bin_count: None,
             bin_size: None,
             raw: None,
+            verbatim: false,
             kept: ChartKept::default(),
         }
     }
@@ -1311,6 +1315,7 @@ impl Chart {
             series: vec![],
             gap_width: 0.0,
             raw: None,
+            verbatim: false,
             subtotals: vec![],
             ..self.clone()
         };

crates/pdf/src/lib.rs

@@ -301,18 +301,14 @@ pub fn master_text_pieces(pres: &Presentation, m: &deckcraft_model::Master, pape
     let (kx, ky) = (paper.0 / pres.notes_size.width.max(1.0), paper.1 / pres.notes_size.height.max(1.0));
     let mut out = vec![];
     for pt in deckcraft_render::place_master_texts(pres, m, n) {
+        let mut para_chars: HashMap<usize, Vec<char>> = HashMap::new();
         for run in &pt.layout.runs {
             let Some(g) = run.glyphs.first() else { continue };
-            let text: String = pt
-                .body
-                .paragraphs
-                .get(run.para)
-                .map(|p| p.runs.iter().map(|r| r.content()).collect::<String>())
-                .unwrap_or_default()
-                .chars()
-                .skip(run.chars.0)
-                .take(run.chars.1.saturating_sub(run.chars.0))
-                .collect();
+            let chars = para_chars.entry(run.para).or_insert_with(|| {
+                pt.body.paragraphs.get(run.para).map(|p| p.runs.iter().flat_map(|r| r.content().chars()).collect()).unwrap_or_default()
+            });
+            let (a, b) = (run.chars.0.min(chars.len()), run.chars.1.min(chars.len()));
+            let text: String = chars.get(a..b.max(a)).unwrap_or_default().iter().collect();
             if text.trim().is_empty() {
                 continue;
             }
@@ -498,6 +494,9 @@ impl Backdrops {
 /// Most pixels one slide raster may have; it is RGBA, and the backdrop and the content are two rasters.
 const MAX_RASTER_PIXELS: f64 = 64_000_000.0;
 
+/// Most ruled note lines one handout area gets (a letter page holds about 30).
+const MAX_NOTE_LINES: usize = 500;
+
 /// Render scale for a slide of `slide` units drawn `box_width` points wide at `dpi`, with the total pixel count capped.
 fn raster_scale(box_width: f64, slide: (f64, f64), dpi: f64) -> f64 {
     let scale = (box_width / 72.0 * dpi.clamp(36.0, 600.0)) / slide.0;
@@ -574,20 +573,17 @@ impl Exporter<'_> {
 
     /// Invisible glyphs exactly over the rasterised text.
     fn text_layer(&mut self, s: &mut Surface, pt: &PlacedText, view: Affine, visible: bool) -> Result<()> {
+        // Each paragraph's characters, gathered once: a long paragraph wraps into many runs.
+        let mut para_chars: HashMap<usize, Vec<char>> = HashMap::new();
         for run in &pt.layout.runs {
             if run.glyphs.is_empty() || run.size <= 0.0 {
                 continue;
             }
-            let text: String = pt
-                .body
-                .paragraphs
-                .get(run.para)
-                .map(|p| p.runs.iter().map(|r| r.content()).collect::<String>())
-                .unwrap_or_default()
-                .chars()
-                .skip(run.chars.0)
-                .take(run.chars.1.saturating_sub(run.chars.0))
-                .collect();
+            let chars = para_chars.entry(run.para).or_insert_with(|| {
+                pt.body.paragraphs.get(run.para).map(|p| p.runs.iter().flat_map(|r| r.content().chars()).collect()).unwrap_or_default()
+            });
+            let (a, b) = (run.chars.0.min(chars.len()), run.chars.1.min(chars.len()));
+            let text: String = chars.get(a..b.max(a)).unwrap_or_default().iter().collect();
             if text.trim().is_empty() {
                 continue;
             }
@@ -667,19 +663,28 @@ impl Exporter<'_> {
         let lh = size * 1.3;
         let mut y = area.y0 + size;
         s.set_fill(Some(grey(0x20, 1.0)));
+        let space = width(" ");
         'outer: for para in text.split('\n') {
+            // The line's width is kept as words are added, not measured again for each word.
             let mut line = String::new();
+            let mut line_w = 0.0;
             for word in para.split(' ') {
-                let cand = if line.is_empty() { word.to_string() } else { format!("{line} {word}") };
-                if width(&cand) > area.width() && !line.is_empty() {
+                let word_w = width(word);
+                let cand_w = if line.is_empty() { word_w } else { line_w + space + word_w };
+                if cand_w > area.width() && !line.is_empty() {
                     if y > area.y1 {
                         break 'outer;
                     }
                     s.draw_text(Point::from_xy(area.x0 as f32, y as f32), font.clone(), size as f32, &line, false, TextDirection::Auto);
                     y += lh;
                     line = word.to_string();
+                    line_w = word_w;
                 } else {
-                    line = cand;
+                    if !line.is_empty() {
+                        line.push(' ');
+                    }
+                    line.push_str(word);
+                    line_w = cand_w;
                 }
             }
             if y > area.y1 {
@@ -696,20 +701,26 @@ impl Exporter<'_> {
 
     /// Ruled lines for handwritten notes (3-per-page handouts).
     fn note_lines(&self, s: &mut Surface, r: Rect) {
-        let mut y = r.y0 + 18.0;
+        // Counted, not stepped: at huge coordinates adding 22 leaves y unchanged, and a huge page
+        // would want millions of rules.
+        let first = r.y0 + 18.0;
+        let count = ((r.y1 - first) / 22.0).floor() + 1.0;
+        if count.is_nan() || count < 1.0 {
+            return;
+        }
         s.set_stroke(Some(krilla::paint::Stroke {
             paint: krilla::color::rgb::Color::new(0xB0, 0xB0, 0xB0).into(),
             width: 0.5,
             ..Default::default()
         }));
-        while y <= r.y1 {
+        for i in 0..(count.min(MAX_NOTE_LINES as f64) as usize) {
+            let y = first + 22.0 * i as f64;
             let mut p = kurbo::BezPath::new();
             p.move_to((r.x0, y));
             p.line_to((r.x1, y));
             if let Some(path) = to_path(&p) {
                 s.draw_path(&path);
             }
-            y += 22.0;
         }
         s.set_stroke(None);
     }

crates/pdf/src/tests.rs

@@ -728,3 +728,17 @@ fn raster_scale_caps_total_pixels_not_each_side() {
     let s = raster_scale(720.0, (960.0, 540.0), 200.0);
     assert!((s - 720.0 / 72.0 * 200.0 / 960.0).abs() < 1e-12);
 }
+
+#[cfg_attr(target_arch = "wasm32", wasm_bindgen_test::wasm_bindgen_test)]
+#[cfg_attr(not(target_arch = "wasm32"), test)]
+fn huge_paper_and_long_notes_export_in_bounded_work() {
+    // At 1e19 pt adding a rule's 22 pt leaves y unchanged: the rules are counted, not stepped. A narrow page keeps the raster small.
+    let p = deck(1);
+    let bytes = export(&p, &PdfOptions { paper: (612.0, 1.0e19), ..opts(PageLayout::Handouts { per_page: 3 }) }).expect("export");
+    assert!(bytes.starts_with(b"%PDF-"));
+    // 20,000 short words of notes, wrapped with the line width kept as words are added.
+    let mut p = deck(1);
+    Arc::make_mut(&mut p.slides[0]).notes = TextBody::from_text(&"ab ".repeat(20_000));
+    let bytes = export(&p, &opts(PageLayout::Notes)).expect("export");
+    assert!(bytes.starts_with(b"%PDF-"));
+}

crates/pptx/src/lib.rs

@@ -70,6 +70,13 @@ pub fn import_checked(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<(Presentation, Vec<String>), PptxE
     read::import_checked(bytes)
 }
 
+/// [`import`] with a lower presentation-wide chart point budget, so tests reach the over-budget
+/// path without a multi-million-point chart.
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub fn import_with_chart_budget(bytes: &[u8], points: usize) -> Result<Presentation, PptxError> {
+    read::import_with_chart_points(bytes, points).map(|(p, _)| p)
+}
+
 /// Read the theme of a `.thmx` file, or of a `.pptx` / `.potx`'s first master, with its media.
 pub fn import_theme(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<(deckcraft_model::theme::Theme, Vec<deckcraft_model::MediaItem>), PptxError> {
     read::import_theme(bytes)

crates/pptx/src/read.rs

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ mod timing;
 pub(crate) use chart::{chart_from as chart_from_el, read_chart_xml};
 pub(crate) use chartex::{chartex_from, read_chartex_xml};
 
+use std::cell::Cell;
 use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
@@ -38,8 +39,17 @@ pub struct Imp<'a> {
     pub vml_previews: HashMap<String, HashMap<String, String>>,
     /// Aggregate byte count of retained chart sidecars across the presentation.
     pub kept_sidecar_bytes: usize,
+    /// Data slots of the charts decoded so far (see `chart::MAX_PRESENTATION_CHART_POINTS`).
+    pub chart_points: usize,
+    /// Points the presentation may hold across modelled charts.
+    pub chart_points_cap: usize,
     /// Cached kept sidecars by normalized chart part name.
     pub kept_charts: HashMap<String, deckcraft_model::chart::ChartKept>,
+    /// Chart parts whose sidecar capture was refused, with the retained-byte total it started from:
+    /// the same start gives the same refusal, so the copy is not repeated.
+    pub rejected_kept: HashMap<String, usize>,
+    /// Bytes of chart parts decoded so far, rejected ones included (see `chart::MAX_CHART_DECODE_BYTES`).
+    pub chart_decode_bytes: usize,
     /// Add-in tags parts, parsed once each, by normalized part name.
     pub tags_by_part: HashMap<String, Arc<[(String, String)]>>,
     /// Bytes of tags copied into the model so far (see [`MAX_TAG_BYTES`]).
@@ -90,21 +100,22 @@ pub struct Part {
     pub ns: Vec<(String, String)>,
     /// Prefixes bound below the root only (on a wrapper such as `mc:Choice`), each to one namespace.
     pub inner_ns: Vec<(String, String)>,
+    /// Bytes of namespace declarations this part may still copy onto kept fragments.
+    ns_budget: Cell<usize>,
 }
 
 impl Part {
     pub fn new(pkg: &Package, name: &str, doc: &Doc) -> Self {
         let ns = doc.ns_decls();
-        Part { name: name.to_string(), rels: pkg.rels(name), inner_ns: inner_decls(&doc.root, &ns), ns }
+        Part { name: name.to_string(), rels: pkg.rels(name), inner_ns: inner_decls(&doc.root, &ns), ns, ns_budget: Cell::new(MAX_COPIED_NS_BYTES) }
     }
     /// Serialize an element with the namespace declarations it needs from the part root.
     pub fn keep(&self, el: &El) -> String {
-        keep_xml(el, &self.ns)
+        keep_with(el, &[&self.ns], Some(&self.ns_budget))
     }
     /// Like [`Part::keep`], also declaring prefixes that only an enclosing wrapper binds.
     pub fn keep_inner(&self, el: &El) -> String {
-        let ns: Vec<(String, String)> = self.ns.iter().chain(&self.inner_ns).cloned().collect();
-        keep_xml(el, &ns)
+        keep_with(el, &[&self.ns, &self.inner_ns], Some(&self.ns_budget))
     }
 }
 
@@ -139,36 +150,81 @@ fn inner_decls(root: &El, ns: &[(String, String)]) -> Vec<(String, String)> {
     out
 }
 
-/// Serialize `el`, declaring every prefix it uses that the source root declared.
-pub fn keep_xml(el: &El, ns: &[(String, String)]) -> String {
-    let mut used = HashSet::new();
-    fn rec(e: &El, used: &mut HashSet<String>, depth: usize) {
+/// Longest namespace name copied onto a kept fragment or a resolved `mc` branch. Real ones are
+/// URIs of well under 100 bytes; a longer one is not copied, so one declaration cannot be
+/// multiplied by every fragment that uses its prefix.
+const MAX_NS_VALUE: usize = 2048;
+
+/// Namespace declaration bytes one part may copy onto all its kept fragments together; past it a
+/// fragment keeps its markup but is not given further declarations.
+const MAX_COPIED_NS_BYTES: usize = 8 << 20;
+
+/// Prefixes `el` and its descendants use in element and attribute names, and those listed in
+/// `mc:Ignorable` or `mc:MustUnderstand` (which must stay declared for the markup-compatibility rules to hold),
+/// and those starting a QName-like attribute value.
+fn used_prefixes(el: &El) -> HashSet<&str> {
+    fn rec<'a>(e: &'a El, used: &mut HashSet<&'a str>, depth: usize) {
         if depth > crate::xml::MAX_DEPTH {
             return;
         }
         if let Some((p, _)) = e.name.split_once(':') {
-            used.insert(p.to_string());
+            used.insert(p);
         }
-        for (k, _) in &e.attrs {
-            if let Some((p, _)) = k.split_once(':')
+        for (k, v) in &e.attrs {
+            if let Some((p, local)) = k.split_once(':')
                 && p != "xmlns"
                 && p != "xml"
             {
-                used.insert(p.to_string());
+                used.insert(p);
+                if local == "Ignorable" || local == "MustUnderstand" {
+                    used.extend(v.split_whitespace());
+                }
+            }
+            // QName-valued attributes (`xsi:type="q:Item"`) need their prefix declared too.
+            if k != "xmlns" && !k.starts_with("xmlns:") {
+                for t in v.split_whitespace() {
+                    if let Some((p, _)) = t.split_once(':')
+                        && !p.is_empty()
+                    {
+                        used.insert(p);
+                    }
+                }
             }
         }
         for c in e.elements() {
             rec(c, used, depth + 1);
         }
     }
+    let mut used = HashSet::new();
     rec(el, &mut used, 0);
-    let mut el = el.clone();
-    for (k, v) in ns {
+    used
+}
+
+/// Serialize `el`, declaring every prefix it uses that the source root declared.
+pub fn keep_xml(el: &El, ns: &[(String, String)]) -> String {
+    keep_with(el, &[ns], None)
+}
+
+fn keep_with(el: &El, decls: &[&[(String, String)]], budget: Option<&Cell<usize>>) -> String {
+    let used = used_prefixes(el);
+    let mut have: HashSet<&str> = el.attrs.iter().map(|(a, _)| a.as_str()).collect();
+    let mut extra = Vec::new();
+    for (k, v) in decls.iter().flat_map(|d| d.iter()) {
         let p = k.strip_prefix("xmlns:").unwrap_or("");
-        if !p.is_empty() && used.contains(p) && !el.attrs.iter().any(|(a, _)| a == k) {
-            el.attrs.push((k.clone(), v.clone()));
+        if !p.is_empty() && used.contains(p) && v.len() <= MAX_NS_VALUE && !have.contains(k.as_str()) {
+            let cost = k.len() + v.len();
+            if let Some(b) = budget {
+                if b.get() < cost {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                b.set(b.get() - cost);
+            }
+            have.insert(k);
+            extra.push((k.clone(), v.clone()));
         }
     }
+    let mut el = el.clone();
+    el.attrs.extend(extra);
     el.to_xml()
 }
 
@@ -317,10 +373,18 @@ fn kept_parts(pkg: &Package, pres_path: &str) -> Vec<deckcraft_model::KeptPart>
             // The part's own relationships (customXml item → itemProps) and their targets.
             let rp = opc::rels_path(&name);
             if let Some(rels_xml) = text(&rp) {
+                let mut capped = false;
                 for sub in pkg.rels(&name).items.iter().filter(|s| !s.external && keepable(&s.target)) {
-                    if let Some(x) = text(&sub.target)
-                        && !out.iter().any(|k| k.name.eq_ignore_ascii_case(&sub.target))
-                    {
+                    // Checked before the part is read: repeated relationships to one large part
+                    // must not copy it again each time.
+                    if out.iter().any(|k| k.name.eq_ignore_ascii_case(&sub.target)) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    if out.len() >= 400 {
+                        capped = true;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    if let Some(x) = text(&sub.target) {
                         out.push(KeptPart {
                             content_type: pkg.content_type(&sub.target).unwrap_or_default(),
                             name: sub.target.clone(),
@@ -329,7 +393,9 @@ fn kept_parts(pkg: &Package, pres_path: &str) -> Vec<deckcraft_model::KeptPart>
                         });
                     }
                 }
-                out.push(KeptPart { name: rp, xml: rels_xml, ..Default::default() });
+                if !capped && out.len() < 400 {
+                    out.push(KeptPart { name: rp, xml: rels_xml, ..Default::default() });
+                }
             }
         }
     }
@@ -366,15 +432,39 @@ fn resolve_mc_rels(el: &mut El, depth: usize, rels: Option<&Rels>) {
                     });
                     let branch = choice.or_else(|| ac.child("Fallback"));
                     if let Some(b) = branch {
+                        // The branch's namespace declarations (the first usable one of each name,
+                        // in order), indexed by prefix once: each child then looks up the prefixes
+                        // it uses instead of scanning every declaration.
+                        let mut decls: Vec<(&String, &String)> = Vec::new();
+                        // An oversized declaration still shadows an outer one of its name: its
+                        // content is left unbound rather than bound to the outer namespace.
+                        let mut by_prefix: HashMap<&str, Option<usize>> = HashMap::new();
+                        for (k, v) in b.attrs.iter().chain(ac.attrs.iter()) {
+                            let prefix = if k == "xmlns" { Some("") } else { k.strip_prefix("xmlns:") };
+                            if let Some(p) = prefix
+                                && !by_prefix.contains_key(p)
+                            {
+                                by_prefix.insert(p, (v.len() <= MAX_NS_VALUE).then_some(decls.len()));
+                                if v.len() <= MAX_NS_VALUE {
+                                    decls.push((k, v));
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
                         for n in &b.children {
                             if let Node::El(e) = n {
+                                // Carry the namespace declarations from the branch that its content
+                                // uses (all of them per child made children x declarations copies).
+                                let used = used_prefixes(e);
+                                let have: HashSet<&str> = e.attrs.iter().map(|(a, _)| a.as_str()).collect();
+                                let mut wanted: Vec<usize> = std::iter::once("")
+                                    .chain(used.iter().copied())
+                                    .filter_map(|p| by_prefix.get(p).copied().flatten())
+                                    .filter(|&i| !have.contains(decls[i].0.as_str()))
+                                    .collect();
+                                wanted.sort_unstable();
+                                wanted.dedup();
                                 let mut e = e.clone();
-                                // Carry namespace declarations from the branch onto its content.
-                                for (k, v) in b.attrs.iter().chain(ac.attrs.iter()) {
-                                    if k.starts_with("xmlns") && !e.attrs.iter().any(|(a, _)| a == k) {
-                                        e.attrs.push((k.clone(), v.clone()));
-                                    }
-                                }
+                                e.attrs.extend(wanted.into_iter().map(|i| (decls[i].0.clone(), decls[i].1.clone())));
                                 out.push(Node::El(e));
                             }
                         }
@@ -445,7 +535,11 @@ pub fn import_theme(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<(deckcraft_model::theme::Theme, Vec<
         table_style_ids: Vec::new(),
         vml_previews: HashMap::new(),
         kept_sidecar_bytes: 0,
+        chart_points: 0,
+        chart_points_cap: chart::MAX_PRESENTATION_CHART_POINTS,
         kept_charts: HashMap::new(),
+        rejected_kept: HashMap::new(),
+        chart_decode_bytes: 0,
         tags_by_part: HashMap::new(),
         tag_bytes: 0,
         tags_capped: false,
@@ -463,6 +557,11 @@ pub fn import(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<Presentation, PptxError> {
 /// [`import`], plus the parts of the slide list the file names but that couldn't be read (a
 /// missing or truncated slide): those slides are left out, so a caller can say so (#203).
 pub fn import_checked(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<(Presentation, Vec<String>), PptxError> {
+    import_with_chart_points(bytes, chart::MAX_PRESENTATION_CHART_POINTS)
+}
+
+/// [`import_checked`] with the presentation's chart point budget set (tests lower it).
+pub(crate) fn import_with_chart_points(bytes: &[u8], chart_points_cap: usize) -> Result<(Presentation, Vec<String>), PptxError> {
     let mut lost_slides: Vec<String> = vec![];
     let pkg = Package::open(bytes)?;
     let root_rels = pkg.rels("");
@@ -487,7 +586,11 @@ pub fn import_checked(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<(Presentation, Vec<String>), PptxE
         table_style_ids: Vec::new(),
         vml_previews: HashMap::new(),
         kept_sidecar_bytes: 0,
+        chart_points: 0,
+        chart_points_cap,
         kept_charts: HashMap::new(),
+        rejected_kept: HashMap::new(),
+        chart_decode_bytes: 0,
         tags_by_part: HashMap::new(),
         tag_bytes: 0,
         tags_capped: false,
@@ -1423,3 +1526,90 @@ fn header_footer(p: &Presentation) -> HeaderFooter {
     }
     hf
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mc_branches_carry_only_the_declarations_their_content_uses() {
+        // 2,000 declarations on the branch and 2,000 children: each child gets the one it uses
+        // (and the default), not all 2,000.
+        let decls: String = (0..2000).map(|i| format!(r#" xmlns:n{i}="urn:n{i}""#)).collect();
+        let kids: String = (0..2000).map(|i| format!("<n{i}:x/>")).collect();
+        let x = format!(
+            r#"<r xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"><mc:AlternateContent><mc:Fallback xmlns="urn:d"{decls}>{kids}</mc:Fallback></mc:AlternateContent></r>"#
+        );
+        let mut d = crate::xml::parse(x.as_bytes()).unwrap();
+        resolve_mc(&mut d.root, 0);
+        let kids: Vec<&El> = d.root.elements().collect();
+        assert_eq!(kids.len(), 2000);
+        assert_eq!(kids[7].attrs, vec![("xmlns".to_string(), "urn:d".to_string()), ("xmlns:n7".to_string(), "urn:n7".to_string())]);
+    }
+
+    /// The branch's own declaration of a prefix wins over the `AlternateContent`'s; an oversized
+    /// one still shadows it (its content stays unbound); a child's own declaration is left alone.
+    #[test]
+    fn mc_branch_declarations_keep_their_precedence() {
+        let long = "u".repeat(MAX_NS_VALUE + 1);
+        let x = format!(
+            r#"<r xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"><mc:AlternateContent xmlns:p="urn:ac" xmlns:q="urn:q-short"><mc:Fallback xmlns:p="urn:b" xmlns:q="{long}"><p:x/><q:y/><p:z xmlns:p="urn:own"/></mc:Fallback></mc:AlternateContent></r>"#
+        );
+        let mut d = crate::xml::parse(x.as_bytes()).unwrap();
+        resolve_mc(&mut d.root, 0);
+        let kids: Vec<&El> = d.root.elements().collect();
+        let attrs = |i: usize| kids[i].attrs.iter().map(|(k, v)| format!("{k}={v}")).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        assert_eq!(attrs(0), ["xmlns:p=urn:b"]);
+        assert!(attrs(1).is_empty(), "{:?}", attrs(1));
+        assert_eq!(attrs(2), ["xmlns:p=urn:own"]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mc_branches_keep_prefixes_named_by_must_understand() {
+        let x = r#"<r xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"><mc:AlternateContent><mc:Fallback xmlns:q="urn:q"><a mc:MustUnderstand="q"/></mc:Fallback></mc:AlternateContent></r>"#;
+        let mut d = crate::xml::parse(x.as_bytes()).unwrap();
+        resolve_mc(&mut d.root, 0);
+        let kid = d.root.elements().next().unwrap();
+        assert!(kid.attrs.iter().any(|(k, v)| k == "xmlns:q" && v == "urn:q"), "{:?}", kid.attrs);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mc_branches_keep_prefixes_used_in_qname_values() {
+        let x = r#"<r xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"><mc:AlternateContent><mc:Fallback xmlns:q="urn:q" xmlns:z="urn:z"><n xmlns:xsi="urn:xsi" xsi:type="q:Item"/></mc:Fallback></mc:AlternateContent></r>"#;
+        let mut d = crate::xml::parse(x.as_bytes()).unwrap();
+        resolve_mc(&mut d.root, 0);
+        let kid = d.root.elements().next().unwrap();
+        assert!(kid.attrs.iter().any(|(k, v)| k == "xmlns:q" && v == "urn:q"), "{:?}", kid.attrs);
+        assert!(!kid.attrs.iter().any(|(k, _)| k == "xmlns:z"), "unused declarations stay out: {:?}", kid.attrs);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kept_fragments_skip_oversized_namespace_names() {
+        let big = "u".repeat(MAX_NS_VALUE + 1);
+        let ns = vec![("xmlns:a".to_string(), "urn:a".to_string()), ("xmlns:b".to_string(), big)];
+        let d = crate::xml::parse(br#"<a:x xmlns:a="urn:a" xmlns:b="urn:b"><b:y/></a:x>"#).unwrap();
+        let mut el = d.root.clone();
+        el.attrs.clear();
+        let out = keep_xml(&el, &ns);
+        assert!(out.contains(r#"xmlns:a="urn:a""#), "{out}");
+        assert!(!out.contains("uuuu"), "the oversized declaration is not copied");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn copied_namespace_bytes_are_budgeted_per_part() {
+        let d = crate::xml::parse(br#"<a:x xmlns:a="urn:a"><a:y/></a:x>"#).unwrap();
+        let mut el = d.root.clone();
+        el.attrs.clear();
+        let part = Part {
+            name: String::new(),
+            rels: Default::default(),
+            ns: vec![("xmlns:a".to_string(), "urn:a".to_string())],
+            inner_ns: vec![],
+            ns_budget: Cell::new(15),
+        };
+        assert!(part.keep(&el).contains(r#"xmlns:a="urn:a""#), "within budget");
+        assert!(part.ns_budget.get() < 15);
+        let again = part.keep(&el);
+        assert!(!again.contains("xmlns:a"), "budget spent, no further declarations: {again}");
+    }
+}

crates/pptx/src/read/chart.rs

@@ -39,6 +39,33 @@ pub(crate) fn rich_text(t: &El) -> Option<String> {
 /// Most category/value/size slots one chart may decode across all its series and caches, so
 /// sparse `ptCount`/`idx` declarations can't expand far beyond the XML they came from.
 pub(crate) const MAX_CHART_POINTS: usize = 1_000_000;
+/// Data slots (values and categories) the charts of one presentation may hold in all; a chart past
+/// it is read as a placeholder frame. Each frame that references a chart decodes its own copy.
+pub(crate) const MAX_PRESENTATION_CHART_POINTS: usize = 4_000_000;
+
+/// Chart part bytes all chart frames of a presentation may decode, counting every attempt: a
+/// chart that is rejected, or has no data slots, would otherwise be decoded again for each frame
+/// that shows it.
+pub(crate) const MAX_CHART_DECODE_BYTES: usize = 256 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+/// Slots a decoded chart holds, counting the chart itself as at least one.
+pub(crate) fn point_count(c: &Chart) -> usize {
+    let series = |s: &deckcraft_model::chart::Series| {
+        let bars = s.error_bars.as_ref().map_or(0, |e| e.plus.len().saturating_add(e.minus.len()));
+        s.values.len().saturating_add(s.x_values.len()).saturating_add(s.sizes.len()).saturating_add(bars)
+    };
+    let levels: usize = c.category_levels.iter().map(Vec::len).sum();
+    1usize.saturating_add(c.categories.len()).saturating_add(levels).saturating_add(c.series.iter().map(series).fold(0, usize::saturating_add))
+}
+
+/// Bytes of the strings a kept relationship owns.
+fn part_bytes(p: &deckcraft_model::chart::ChartPart) -> usize {
+    p.bytes.len() + p.name.len() + p.content_type.len()
+}
+
+fn rel_bytes(r: &deckcraft_model::chart::ChartRel) -> usize {
+    r.id.len() + r.rel_type.len() + r.target.len() + r.part.len()
+}
 
 /// Most slots one cache may hold.
 const MAX_CACHE_POINTS: usize = 100_000;
@@ -103,6 +130,48 @@ pub fn read_chart_xml(bytes: &[u8]) -> Option<Chart> {
     Some(c)
 }
 
+/// The chart a graphic frame points at. A chart that would cross the presentation's point or
+/// decode limits is not modelled: it is kept as its original part with the relationships it
+/// reaches (`verbatim`), so a save writes it back whole instead of dropping it and its workbook.
+pub(crate) fn frame_chart(imp: &mut super::Imp, part: &super::Part, rid: &str, uri: &str) -> Option<Chart> {
+    let rel = part.rels.get(rid)?;
+    let chartex = uri.ends_with("/chartex");
+    let bytes = imp.pkg.xml_bytes(&rel.target)?;
+    if imp.chart_decode_bytes.saturating_add(bytes.len()) > MAX_CHART_DECODE_BYTES {
+        log::warn!("pptx: chart {} is past the presentation's chart decode limit and is not kept", rel.target);
+        return None;
+    }
+    imp.chart_decode_bytes += bytes.len();
+    let parsed = if imp.chart_points < imp.chart_points_cap {
+        let c = if chartex { super::read_chartex_xml(bytes) } else { super::read_chart_xml(bytes) }?;
+        let n = point_count(&c);
+        if imp.chart_points.saturating_add(n) <= imp.chart_points_cap {
+            imp.chart_points = imp.chart_points.saturating_add(n);
+            let mut c = c;
+            c.kept = capture_kept(imp, &rel.target);
+            return Some(c);
+        }
+        Some(c)
+    } else {
+        None
+    };
+    // Past the limit: keep the part itself (charged to the sidecar budget) and show an empty chart.
+    if chartex || imp.kept_sidecar_bytes.saturating_add(bytes.len()) > MAX_KEPT_TOTAL_BYTES {
+        log::warn!("pptx: chart {} is past the presentation's chart limits and is not kept", rel.target);
+        return None;
+    }
+    imp.kept_sidecar_bytes += bytes.len();
+    log::warn!("pptx: chart {} is past the presentation's chart limits; shown empty and written back unchanged", rel.target);
+    let mut c = parsed.unwrap_or_default();
+    c.series.clear();
+    c.categories.clear();
+    c.category_levels.clear();
+    c.raw = Some(String::from_utf8_lossy(bytes).into_owned());
+    c.verbatim = true;
+    c.kept = capture_kept(imp, &rel.target);
+    Some(c)
+}
+
 pub(crate) fn chart_from(root: &El) -> Option<Chart> {
     chart_within(root, MAX_CHART_POINTS)
 }
@@ -466,9 +535,20 @@ pub(crate) fn capture_kept(imp: &mut super::Imp, chart_part: &str) -> deckcraft_
 
     let key = crate::opc::norm(chart_part);
     if let Some(cached) = imp.kept_charts.get(&key) {
+        // Every frame that shows this chart gets its own copy, so each copy is charged like the first.
+        let bytes: usize = cached.parts.iter().map(part_bytes).sum::<usize>() + cached.rels.iter().map(rel_bytes).sum::<usize>();
+        if imp.kept_sidecar_bytes.saturating_add(bytes) > MAX_KEPT_TOTAL_BYTES {
+            log::warn!("pptx: chart sidecar retained byte budget exceeded for {chart_part}");
+            return ChartKept::default();
+        }
+        imp.kept_sidecar_bytes += bytes;
         return cached.clone();
     }
 
+    let charged_before = imp.kept_sidecar_bytes;
+    if imp.rejected_kept.get(&key) == Some(&charged_before) {
+        return ChartKept::default();
+    }
     let mut kept = ChartKept::default();
     // The chart document itself is rewritten; don't store a second copy of it.
     let mut seen = std::collections::HashMap::from([(key.clone(), true)]);
@@ -485,6 +565,18 @@ pub(crate) fn capture_kept(imp: &mut super::Imp, chart_part: &str) -> deckcraft_
             kept.rels.push(ChartRel { id: r.id, rel_type: r.ty, target: r.target_raw, part: r.target, external: false });
         }
     }
+    // The first capture's relationship strings and the parts' names and content types are retained
+    // too (the part bytes were charged as copied).
+    let rel_total: usize =
+        kept.rels.iter().map(rel_bytes).sum::<usize>() + kept.parts.iter().map(|p| p.name.len() + p.content_type.len()).sum::<usize>();
+    if imp.kept_sidecar_bytes.saturating_add(rel_total) > MAX_KEPT_TOTAL_BYTES {
+        log::warn!("pptx: chart sidecar retained byte budget exceeded for {chart_part}");
+        // The dropped parts must not stay charged against later charts.
+        imp.kept_sidecar_bytes = charged_before;
+        imp.rejected_kept.insert(key, charged_before);
+        return ChartKept::default();
+    }
+    imp.kept_sidecar_bytes += rel_total;
     imp.kept_charts.insert(key, kept.clone());
     kept
 }
@@ -590,6 +682,16 @@ fn text_size(e: Option<&El>) -> Option<f64> {
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
+    #[test]
+    fn point_count_charges_every_retained_vector() {
+        let mut c = Chart { categories: vec!["a".into()], category_levels: vec![vec!["x".into(); 2], vec!["y".into(); 3]], ..Default::default() };
+        let mut s =
+            deckcraft_model::chart::Series { values: vec![Some(1.0); 4], x_values: vec![None; 5], sizes: vec![None; 6], ..Default::default() };
+        s.error_bars = Some(deckcraft_model::chart::ErrorBars { plus: vec![None; 7], minus: vec![None; 8], ..Default::default() });
+        c.series = vec![s];
+        assert_eq!(point_count(&c), 1 + 1 + 5 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 15);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn sparse_caches_share_one_chart_wide_budget() {
         // Every series declares 100000 points but writes one: without a chart-wide budget each

crates/pptx/src/read/dml.rs

@@ -741,7 +741,13 @@ mod tests {
         // 200 `m:t` nested in each other around one word: the word, not 200 copies of it.
         let x = format!(r#"<a14:m xmlns:a14="a" xmlns:m="m"><m:oMath>{}word{}</m:oMath></a14:m>"#, "<m:t>".repeat(200), "</m:t>".repeat(200));
         let d = parse(x.as_bytes()).unwrap();
-        let part = Part { name: "ppt/slides/slide1.xml".into(), rels: Default::default(), ns: vec![], inner_ns: vec![] };
+        let part = Part {
+            name: "ppt/slides/slide1.xml".into(),
+            rels: Default::default(),
+            ns: vec![],
+            inner_ns: vec![],
+            ns_budget: std::cell::Cell::new(1 << 20),
+        };
         let mut para = Paragraph::default();
         push_math_run(&mut para, &part, &d.root);
         assert_eq!(para.runs[0].text, "word");

crates/pptx/src/read/shapes.rs

@@ -434,11 +434,8 @@ fn frame(imp: &mut Imp, part: &Part, ctx: &mut IdCtx, e: &El, depth: usize) -> S
             return s;
         }
         if let Some(c) = gd.child("chart")
-            && let Some(rel) = part.rels.get(c.attr("r:id").unwrap_or(""))
-            && let Some(bytes) = imp.pkg.xml_bytes(&rel.target)
-            && let Some(mut chart) = if uri.ends_with("/chartex") { super::read_chartex_xml(bytes) } else { super::read_chart_xml(bytes) }
+            && let Some(chart) = super::chart::frame_chart(imp, part, c.attr("r:id").unwrap_or(""), uri)
         {
-            chart.kept = super::chart::capture_kept(imp, &rel.target);
             s.kind = ShapeKind::Chart(Box::new(chart));
             return s;
         }

crates/pptx/src/write/chart.rs

@@ -132,7 +132,20 @@ fn title(w: &mut W, text: &str, c: &Chart) {
     w.close("c:title");
 }
 
+/// Points one cache writes. Excel and PowerPoint hold 32,000 points per series, so this is far
+/// above any chart they make; a longer vector is cut here with a warning, not refused.
+const MAX_CACHE_POINTS: usize = 1_000_000;
+
+/// `vals` cut to [`MAX_CACHE_POINTS`].
+fn capped<T>(vals: &[T]) -> &[T] {
+    if vals.len() > MAX_CACHE_POINTS {
+        log::warn!("pptx: chart data cache cut from {} to {MAX_CACHE_POINTS} points", vals.len());
+    }
+    &vals[..vals.len().min(MAX_CACHE_POINTS)]
+}
+
 fn str_cache(w: &mut W, f: &str, vals: &[String]) {
+    let vals = capped(vals);
     w.open0("c:strRef");
     w.elt("c:f", f);
     w.open0("c:strCache");
@@ -147,6 +160,7 @@ fn str_cache(w: &mut W, f: &str, vals: &[String]) {
 }
 
 fn num_cache(w: &mut W, f: &str, vals: &[Option<f64>]) {
+    let vals = capped(vals);
     w.open0("c:numRef");
     w.elt("c:f", f);
     w.open0("c:numCache");
@@ -165,6 +179,7 @@ fn num_cache(w: &mut W, f: &str, vals: &[Option<f64>]) {
 
 /// Numbers written into the chart itself (`c:numLit`), with no worksheet range behind them.
 fn num_lit(w: &mut W, vals: &[Option<f64>]) {
+    let vals = capped(vals);
     w.open0("c:numLit");
     w.val("c:ptCount", vals.len());
     for (i, v) in vals.iter().enumerate() {
@@ -246,6 +261,9 @@ fn point_fills(w: &mut W, s: &Series, g: Group) {
     }
 }
 
+/// Data points (categories and values counted per series) one chart group writes to its caches.
+const MAX_EXPORT_POINTS: usize = 4_000_000;
+
 fn series(w: &mut W, c: &Chart, s: &Series, i: usize, kind: ChartType, g: Group) {
     w.open0("c:ser");
     w.val("c:idx", i);
@@ -305,7 +323,7 @@ fn series(w: &mut W, c: &Chart, s: &Series, i: usize, kind: ChartType, g: Group)
             trendline(w, t);
         }
     }
-    let n = c.categories.len().max(s.values.len());
+    let n = c.categories.len().max(s.values.len()).min(MAX_CACHE_POINTS);
     let last = n + 1;
     if let Some(e) = &s.error_bars {
         error_bars(w, e, g);
@@ -491,6 +509,24 @@ fn axes(w: &mut W, c: &Chart, g: Group) {
     w.close("c:valAx");
 }
 
+/// Points `series` writes into its caches for group `g`, synthesized vectors included.
+fn series_points(c: &Chart, s: &Series, g: Group) -> usize {
+    let v = s.values.len();
+    if matches!(g, Group::Scatter | Group::Bubble) {
+        let xs = if s.x_values.is_empty() { v } else { s.x_values.len() };
+        let sizes = if g != Group::Bubble {
+            0
+        } else if s.sizes.is_empty() {
+            v
+        } else {
+            s.sizes.len()
+        };
+        xs.saturating_add(v).saturating_add(sizes)
+    } else {
+        c.categories.len().saturating_add(v)
+    }
+}
+
 fn plot_group(w: &mut W, c: &Chart, kind: ChartType, list: &[(usize, &Series)]) {
     let g = group_of(kind);
     let grouping = if kind.percent() {
@@ -529,7 +565,17 @@ fn plot_group(w: &mut W, c: &Chart, kind: ChartType, list: &[(usize, &Series)])
     if g != Group::Stock {
         w.val("c:varyColors", vary);
     }
-    for (i, s) in list {
+    // Each series repeats the categories in its own cache, so the output grows with series times
+    // categories: stop adding series once a group's caches pass the budget (the first is always written).
+    // The first series is always written; each of its caches is cut at MAX_CACHE_POINTS.
+    let mut left = MAX_EXPORT_POINTS;
+    for (n, (i, s)) in list.iter().enumerate() {
+        let cost = series_points(c, s, g);
+        if n > 0 && cost > left {
+            log::warn!("pptx: chart export stopped after {n} series; the data caches passed {MAX_EXPORT_POINTS} points");
+            break;
+        }
+        left = left.saturating_sub(cost);
         series(w, c, s, *i, kind, g);
     }
     if c.data_labels {
@@ -610,6 +656,18 @@ fn kept_chartex(c: &Chart) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
 
 /// The chart part XML, and whether it is the original part (so its relationships still apply).
 pub fn chart_xml(c: &Chart) -> (Vec<u8>, bool) {
+    // A chart too large to model is written back as it was read.
+    if c.verbatim
+        && let Some(raw) = &c.raw
+        && let Ok(doc) = crate::xml::parse(raw.as_bytes())
+        && doc.root.is("chartSpace")
+    {
+        let mut keep = doc.root;
+        drop_unkept_refs(&mut keep, c);
+        let mut w = W::new();
+        w.raw(&keep.to_xml());
+        return (w.finish(), true);
+    }
     // Reuse the kept part when the chart is unchanged since it was read.
     if let Some(raw) = &c.raw
         && !raw.contains(NS_CX)
@@ -1049,7 +1107,21 @@ mod region_map_tests {
 mod tests {
     use deckcraft_color::{ColorTransform, Rgba};
     use deckcraft_model::ColorRef;
-    use deckcraft_model::chart::{Chart, ChartType};
+    use deckcraft_model::chart::{Chart, ChartType, Series};
+
+    #[test]
+    fn export_cost_counts_the_caches_each_group_writes() {
+        let s = Series { values: vec![Some(1.0); 600], ..Default::default() };
+        let mut c = Chart::sample(ChartType::Column);
+        c.categories = vec!["a".into(); 1000];
+        // Category and value caches: 1,000 + 600, however the series is stored.
+        assert_eq!(super::series_points(&c, &s, super::Group::Bar), 1600);
+        // A bubble series without x values or sizes still writes three value-length caches.
+        assert_eq!(super::series_points(&c, &s, super::Group::Bubble), 1800);
+        assert_eq!(super::series_points(&c, &s, super::Group::Scatter), 1200);
+        let s = Series { values: vec![Some(1.0); 600], x_values: vec![Some(1.0); 5], sizes: vec![Some(1.0); 7], ..Default::default() };
+        assert_eq!(super::series_points(&c, &s, super::Group::Bubble), 612);
+    }
 
     /// The chart's text colour is written where PowerPoint keeps it (`c:txPr` on the axes, legend,
     /// data labels and chart, the title's run defaults) and read back as the same colour.
@@ -1110,3 +1182,19 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(!crate::read::chart::read_chart_xml(&super::chart_xml(&c).0).unwrap().cat_reversed);
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod cache_cap_tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    /// A cache longer than the cap is cut, never refused; anything a real chart holds (32,000
+    /// points per series) is far under it. Zero-sized elements, so the test allocates nothing.
+    #[test]
+    fn caches_are_cut_at_the_cap_not_refused() {
+        const { assert!(MAX_CACHE_POINTS >= 32_000) };
+        let over = vec![(); MAX_CACHE_POINTS + 1];
+        assert_eq!(capped(&over).len(), MAX_CACHE_POINTS);
+        let real = vec![(); 32_000];
+        assert_eq!(capped(&real).len(), 32_000);
+    }
+}

crates/pptx/tests/it/chart_embed.rs

@@ -328,3 +328,30 @@ fn an_unchanged_chartex_keeps_its_embedded_workbook() {
     assert!(saved.iter().all(|(n, _)| n != "ppt/charts/_rels/chart1.xml.rels"), "the fallback chart has no workbook");
     assert!(!text_of(&saved, "ppt/charts/chart1.xml").contains("externalData"));
 }
+
+/// A chart past the presentation's point budget is not modelled, but a save writes the original
+/// chart part and its workbook back instead of dropping both.
+#[test]
+fn a_chart_past_the_point_budget_is_saved_whole() {
+    let src = with_workbook(&chart_pptx());
+    let p = deckcraft_pptx::import_with_chart_budget(&src, 0).expect("import");
+    let chart = p
+        .slides
+        .iter()
+        .flat_map(|s| s.shapes.iter())
+        .find_map(|s| match &s.kind {
+            ShapeKind::Chart(c) => Some(c.clone()),
+            _ => None,
+        })
+        .expect("the chart stays a chart");
+    assert!(chart.verbatim && chart.series.is_empty());
+    let saved = parts(&deckcraft_pptx::export(&p).expect("export"));
+    let workbook = saved.iter().find(|(n, _)| n == "ppt/embeddings/kept1.xlsx").map(|(_, d)| d.as_slice());
+    assert_eq!(workbook, Some(WORKBOOK));
+    let xml = saved
+        .iter()
+        .find(|(n, _)| n.starts_with("ppt/charts/chart") && n.ends_with(".xml"))
+        .map(|(_, d)| String::from_utf8_lossy(d).into_owned())
+        .expect("chart xml");
+    assert!(xml.contains("externalData") && xml.contains("c:pie"), "{xml}");
+}

crates/render/src/bevel.rs

@@ -125,10 +125,13 @@ pub fn draw(ctx: &mut RenderContext, bevel: &Bevel, fill: Option<Rgba>, path: &B
     let longest = bounds.width().max(bounds.height()) * k;
     let s = (MAX_SIDE / longest).min(1.0) * k;
     let (pw, ph) = (((bounds.width() * s).ceil() as u32).clamp(1, 2048), ((bounds.height() * s).ceil() as u32).clamp(1, 2048));
-    let polys = crate::pathgrad::polygons(path);
+    // Each pixel tests every edge, so a dense outline is simplified to the raster's edge budget.
+    let pixel = (bounds.width() / f64::from(pw)).min(bounds.height() / f64::from(ph));
+    let polys = crate::pathgrad::simplify(crate::pathgrad::polygons(path), pixel, crate::pathgrad::edge_budget(pw, ph));
     if polys.is_empty() {
         return;
     }
+    let (pw, ph) = crate::pathgrad::fit_raster(polys.iter().map(|p| p.len().saturating_sub(1)).sum(), pw, ph);
     let areas: Vec<f64> = polys.iter().map(|p| p.windows(2).map(|w| w[0].x * w[1].y - w[1].x * w[0].y).sum::<f64>() / 2.0).collect();
     let face = lit.factor([0.0, 0.0, 1.0]);
     let ratio = if bevel.w > 0.0 { bevel.h / bevel.w } else { 0.0 };

crates/render/src/colr.rs

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ use vello_cpu::{RenderContext, peniko};
 
 /// Nesting depth of clips and layers past which a glyph opens no more (hostile fonts).
 const MAX_DEPTH: usize = 64;
+/// Fills and gradient stops one colour glyph may paint; the rest of a hostile glyph is skipped.
+const MAX_WORK: usize = 100_000;
 
 /// Paint `gid` of `face` as a colour glyph, its origin mapped by `at` (y down, points) at `scale`
 /// points per font unit. `fg` is the text colour (palette index 0xFFFF) and `alpha` fades it all.
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ pub fn paint(ctx: &mut RenderContext, face: &FontFace, gid: u32, at: Affine, sca
         .unwrap_or_default();
     // Font units are y up; the slide is y down.
     let base = at * Affine::scale(scale) * Affine::scale_non_uniform(1.0, -1.0);
-    let mut p = Painter { ctx, face, base, stack: vec![Affine::IDENTITY], palette, fg, opened: Vec::new() };
+    let mut p = Painter { ctx, face, base, stack: vec![Affine::IDENTITY], palette, fg, opened: Vec::new(), work: 0 };
     p.ctx.push_layer(None, None, Some(alpha.clamp(0.0, 1.0) as f32), None, None);
     let ok = glyph.paint(face.location(), &mut p).is_ok();
     // A malformed glyph may leave layers open: close them all.
@@ -50,6 +52,8 @@ struct Painter<'a> {
     /// Clips and composite groups pushed by the glyph, innermost last: true when a layer was
     /// opened on the context for it (false past `MAX_DEPTH`, so its pop is skipped too).
     opened: Vec<bool>,
+    /// Fills plus gradient stops painted so far, against [`MAX_WORK`].
+    work: usize,
 }
 
 fn affine(t: &Transform) -> Affine {
@@ -174,6 +178,16 @@ impl ColorPainter for Painter<'_> {
     }
 
     fn fill(&mut self, brush: Brush<'_>) {
+        let stops = match &brush {
+            Brush::Solid { .. } => 0,
+            Brush::LinearGradient { color_stops, .. } | Brush::RadialGradient { color_stops, .. } | Brush::SweepGradient { color_stops, .. } => {
+                color_stops.len()
+            }
+        };
+        self.work = self.work.saturating_add(1 + stops);
+        if self.work > MAX_WORK {
+            return;
+        }
         match brush {
             Brush::Solid { palette_index, alpha } => {
                 let c = self.color(palette_index, alpha);

crates/render/src/pathgrad.rs

@@ -25,6 +25,39 @@ const MAX_EDGE_WORK: u64 = 64_000_000;
 /// Fewest edges a simplified polygon keeps, so a coarse outline still has a shape.
 const MIN_POLY_EDGES: usize = 8;
 
+/// Most points `polygons` keeps from one path; a path flattening past this (a huge finite curve) is
+/// not drawn rather than held in memory first.
+const MAX_POINTS: usize = 2_000_000;
+
+/// Quads beyond one per cubic that a path's cubics may subdivide into before [`polygons`] refuses it.
+const MAX_EXTRA_QUADS: f64 = 200_000.0;
+
+/// Flattening tolerance of [`polygons`], in path units.
+const FLATTEN_TOLERANCE: f64 = 0.25;
+
+/// The edge budget for a `pw` x `ph` raster where each pixel tests every edge.
+pub(crate) fn edge_budget(pw: u32, ph: u32) -> usize {
+    let pixels = u64::from(pw).saturating_mul(u64::from(ph)).max(1);
+    usize::try_from(MAX_EDGE_WORK / pixels).unwrap_or(usize::MAX).max(MIN_POLY_EDGES)
+}
+
+/// `pw` x `ph` cut down (aspect kept) until every pixel testing all of `edges` stays within
+/// [`MAX_EDGE_WORK`]; the raster is stretched when painted, so a many-contour outline keeps every
+/// contour at a coarser sampling.
+pub(crate) fn fit_raster(edges: usize, pw: u32, ph: u32) -> (u32, u32) {
+    let work = u64::from(pw).saturating_mul(u64::from(ph)).saturating_mul(edges.max(1) as u64);
+    if work <= MAX_EDGE_WORK {
+        return (pw, ph);
+    }
+    let k = (MAX_EDGE_WORK as f64 / work as f64).sqrt();
+    let w = ((f64::from(pw) * k) as u32).max(1);
+    let h = ((f64::from(ph) * k) as u32).max(1);
+    // A side held at 1 pixel leaves the other to take the rest of the cut.
+    let room = |side: u32| u32::try_from(MAX_EDGE_WORK / u64::from(side).saturating_mul(edges.max(1) as u64).max(1)).unwrap_or(u32::MAX).max(1);
+    let w = w.min(room(h));
+    (w, h.min(room(w)))
+}
+
 /// Colour position (0 at the focus, 1 at the edge) of `p` for path `kind` in `bounds` with the
 /// focus rect `focus` (fractions inset from left, top, right, bottom), `outline` being the
 /// shape's flattened polygon(s) for `shape`.
@@ -112,23 +145,59 @@ fn shape_position(outline: &[Vec<Point>], c: Point, p: Point) -> f64 {
 
 /// The outline flattened into closed polygons.
 pub fn polygons(path: &BezPath) -> Vec<Vec<Point>> {
+    // `kurbo::flatten` buffers all of a cubic's quads before calling back, and cannot be stopped
+    // once running, so bound the quads the cubics will make first (kurbo's own count: it splits
+    // cubics into quads at a tenth of the tolerance). An ordinary curve makes a few; only those
+    // past the first of each count.
+    let mut extra_quads = 0.0f64;
+    let mut at = Point::ZERO;
+    let mut start = Point::ZERO;
+    for el in path.iter() {
+        match el {
+            PathEl::MoveTo(p) => {
+                at = p;
+                start = p;
+            }
+            PathEl::LineTo(p) | PathEl::QuadTo(_, p) => at = p,
+            PathEl::CurveTo(a, b, p) => {
+                let err = ((b.to_vec2() * 3.0 - p.to_vec2()) - (a.to_vec2() * 3.0 - at.to_vec2())).hypot2();
+                extra_quads += (err / (432.0 * (FLATTEN_TOLERANCE * 0.1).powi(2))).powf(1.0 / 6.0).ceil().max(1.0) - 1.0;
+                // A non-finite estimate is over the limit too.
+                if extra_quads.is_nan() || extra_quads > MAX_EXTRA_QUADS {
+                    return Vec::new();
+                }
+                at = p;
+            }
+            PathEl::ClosePath => at = start,
+        }
+    }
     let mut out: Vec<Vec<Point>> = Vec::new();
     let mut cur: Vec<Point> = Vec::new();
-    kurbo::flatten(path.iter(), 0.25, |el| match el {
-        PathEl::MoveTo(p) => {
-            if cur.len() > 1 {
-                out.push(std::mem::take(&mut cur));
-            }
-            cur = vec![p];
+    let mut total = 0usize;
+    kurbo::flatten(path.iter(), FLATTEN_TOLERANCE, |el| {
+        total += 1;
+        if total > MAX_POINTS {
+            return;
         }
-        PathEl::LineTo(p) => cur.push(p),
-        PathEl::ClosePath => {
-            if let Some(f) = cur.first().copied() {
-                cur.push(f);
+        match el {
+            PathEl::MoveTo(p) => {
+                if cur.len() > 1 {
+                    out.push(std::mem::take(&mut cur));
+                }
+                cur = vec![p];
             }
+            PathEl::LineTo(p) => cur.push(p),
+            PathEl::ClosePath => {
+                if let Some(f) = cur.first().copied() {
+                    cur.push(f);
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {}
         }
-        _ => {}
     });
+    if total > MAX_POINTS {
+        return Vec::new();
+    }
     if cur.len() > 1 {
         out.push(cur);
     }
@@ -145,8 +214,9 @@ pub fn polygons(path: &BezPath) -> Vec<Vec<Point>> {
 
 /// `outline` cut down to at most about `max_edges` edges in total: first by dropping points
 /// closer than `tol` to the last kept one (detail finer than a raster pixel), then, if still too
-/// many, by keeping every k-th point. Each polygon stays closed. Returns it unchanged when it fits.
-fn simplify(outline: Vec<Vec<Point>>, tol: f64, max_edges: usize) -> Vec<Vec<Point>> {
+/// many, by keeping every k-th point (a polygon too small to thin stays whole, and none is
+/// dropped). Each polygon stays closed. Returns it unchanged when it fits.
+pub(crate) fn simplify(outline: Vec<Vec<Point>>, tol: f64, max_edges: usize) -> Vec<Vec<Point>> {
     let edges = |o: &[Vec<Point>]| o.iter().map(|p| p.len().saturating_sub(1)).sum::<usize>();
     if edges(&outline) <= max_edges {
         return outline;
@@ -189,15 +259,8 @@ fn simplify(outline: Vec<Vec<Point>>, tol: f64, max_edges: usize) -> Vec<Vec<Poi
             }
             *poly = kept;
         }
-        // Polygons too small to thin stay whole; drop the smallest ones if they alone overflow.
-        if edges(&out) > max_edges {
-            out.sort_by_key(|p| std::cmp::Reverse(p.len()));
-            let mut sum = 0usize;
-            out.retain(|p| {
-                sum = sum.saturating_add(p.len().saturating_sub(1));
-                sum <= max_edges
-            });
-        }
+        // Polygons too small to thin stay whole, so the total can still exceed `max_edges`: the
+        // caller shrinks its raster ([`fit_raster`]) rather than lose contours.
     }
     out
 }
@@ -232,14 +295,20 @@ pub fn fill(ctx: &mut RenderContext, kind: &str, focus: [f64; 4], stops: &[(f64,
     let longest = bounds.width().max(bounds.height()) * k;
     let s = (MAX_SIDE / longest).min(1.0) * k;
     let (pw, ph) = (((bounds.width() * s).ceil() as u32).clamp(1, 4096), ((bounds.height() * s).ceil() as u32).clamp(1, 4096));
-    let outline = if kind == "shape" {
-        let pixels = u64::from(pw).saturating_mul(u64::from(ph)).max(1);
-        let max_edges = usize::try_from(MAX_EDGE_WORK / pixels).unwrap_or(usize::MAX).max(MIN_POLY_EDGES);
+    let (outline, pw, ph) = if kind == "shape" {
+        let max_edges = edge_budget(pw, ph);
         let pixel = (bounds.width() / f64::from(pw)).min(bounds.height() / f64::from(ph));
-        simplify(polygons(path), pixel, max_edges)
+        let o = simplify(polygons(path), pixel, max_edges);
+        let (pw, ph) = fit_raster(o.iter().map(|p| p.len().saturating_sub(1)).sum(), pw, ph);
+        (o, pw, ph)
     } else {
-        Vec::new()
+        (Vec::new(), pw, ph)
     };
+    // An outline `polygons` refused (too many points) has no contours: skip the shape rather than
+    // paint it with the rectangle fallback's different gradient.
+    if kind == "shape" && outline.is_empty() {
+        return;
+    }
     let lut = ramp(stops);
     let a = alpha.clamp(0.0, 1.0);
     let mut data = Vec::with_capacity((pw * ph) as usize);
@@ -372,6 +441,20 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(t.elapsed() < std::time::Duration::from_secs(20), "{:?}", t.elapsed());
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn a_shape_gradient_with_no_usable_outline_paints_nothing() {
+        // One polygon over the per-polygon cap is dropped by `polygons`.
+        let path = many_segment_square(26_000);
+        assert!(polygons(&path).is_empty());
+        let mut ctx = RenderContext::new(64, 64);
+        let stops = [(0.0, Rgba::rgb(0, 0, 0)), (1.0, Rgba::rgb(255, 255, 255))];
+        fill(&mut ctx, "shape", CENTRE, &stops, Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 64.0, 64.0), &path, Affine::IDENTITY, 1.0);
+        ctx.flush();
+        let mut px = vec![0u8; 64 * 64 * 4];
+        ctx.render(vello_cpu::PixmapMut::new(64, 64, &mut px).unwrap(), &mut vello_cpu::Resources::new());
+        assert!(px.chunks(4).all(|p| p[3] == 0), "nothing was painted");
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn the_ramp_runs_through_the_stops() {
         let stops = [(0.0, Rgba::rgb(0, 0, 0)), (0.5, Rgba::rgb(128, 128, 128)), (1.0, Rgba::rgb(255, 255, 255))];
@@ -382,4 +465,33 @@ mod tests {
         assert!((r[64].r as i32 - 64).abs() <= 2);
         assert!(ramp(&[(0.3, Rgba::rgb(9, 9, 9))]).iter().all(|c| *c == Rgba::rgb(9, 9, 9)));
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn huge_cubics_are_refused_before_flattening() {
+        let mut p = BezPath::new();
+        p.move_to((0.0, 0.0));
+        // About 250,000 quads each: over the limit.
+        for _ in 0..3 {
+            p.curve_to((1e15, -1e15), (-1e15, 1e15), (1.0, 1.0));
+        }
+        p.close_path();
+        assert!(polygons(&p).is_empty());
+        // A cubic of ordinary size still flattens.
+        let mut q = BezPath::new();
+        q.move_to((0.0, 0.0));
+        q.curve_to((100.0, 0.0), (100.0, 100.0), (0.0, 100.0));
+        q.close_path();
+        assert_eq!(polygons(&q).len(), 1);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn many_contours_keep_every_contour_at_a_coarser_raster() {
+        let square = |x: f64| vec![Point::new(x, 0.0), Point::new(x + 1.0, 0.0), Point::new(x + 1.0, 1.0), Point::new(x, 1.0), Point::new(x, 0.0)];
+        let polys: Vec<Vec<Point>> = (0..100).map(|i| square(f64::from(i) * 2.0)).collect();
+        let simple = simplify(polys, 0.001, 244);
+        assert_eq!(simple.len(), 100, "no contour is dropped");
+        let (pw, ph) = fit_raster(400, 512, 512);
+        assert!(u64::from(pw) * u64::from(ph) * 400 <= MAX_EDGE_WORK && pw > 100, "{pw}x{ph}");
+        assert_eq!(fit_raster(200, 512, 512), (512, 512));
+    }
 }

crates/ui-egui/src/media.rs

@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ use egui::{Align2, Color32, CornerRadius, Pos2, Rect, Sense, Stroke, TextureHand
 
 use crate::icons::{self, Icon};
 
+/// Video shapes that get a decoder at once; more play their sound without a picture.
+const MAX_VIDEO_FEEDS: usize = 16;
+
 /// Who started a voice: the editor's control bar stops when you leave the slide, the slide show
 /// manages its own.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
@@ -227,14 +230,10 @@ impl MediaHost {
             audio: clip.volume > 0.0,
         };
         let source_changed = self.owners.get(&id).is_some_and(|o| o.source != media_key);
-        if clip.video && (source_changed || !self.videos.contains_key(&id)) {
-            let feed = match VideoFeed::new(bytes.clone()) {
-                Ok(f) => Some(f),
-                Err(e) => {
-                    log::info!("video {id}: {e}");
-                    None
-                }
-            };
+        // A shape whose feed could not be had (the cap, a decode error) tries again on each play.
+        let feedless = self.videos.get(&id).is_some_and(|v| v.feed.is_none());
+        if clip.video && (source_changed || feedless || !self.videos.contains_key(&id)) {
+            let feed = self.new_feed(id, &bytes);
             self.videos.insert(id, Video { feed, frame: None, tex: None });
         } else if !clip.video {
             self.videos.remove(&id);
@@ -243,6 +242,35 @@ impl MediaHost {
         self.owners.insert(id, Owned { owner, clip: clip.clone(), source: media_key });
     }
 
+    /// A decoder for the video of shape `id`, within the cap on live decoders; `None` past it or
+    /// when the video cannot be decoded (the shape then plays its sound only).
+    fn new_feed(&mut self, id: ShapeId, bytes: &Arc<Vec<u8>>) -> Option<VideoFeed> {
+        // One decoder and frame queue per video shape: past the cap a shape plays its sound only.
+        let mut live = self.videos.iter().filter(|(vid, v)| **vid != id && v.feed.is_some()).count();
+        if live >= MAX_VIDEO_FEEDS {
+            // Videos that have ended no longer need their decoder: free it and keep the last
+            // picture (a replay makes a new feed).
+            for (vid, v) in self.videos.iter_mut() {
+                if *vid != id && v.feed.is_some() && self.player.status(key(*vid)).is_some_and(|s| s.state == PlayState::Ended) {
+                    v.feed = None;
+                    live -= 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if live >= MAX_VIDEO_FEEDS {
+            log::info!("video {id}: more than {MAX_VIDEO_FEEDS} videos playing; showing no picture");
+            None
+        } else {
+            match VideoFeed::new(bytes.clone()) {
+                Ok(f) => Some(f),
+                Err(e) => {
+                    log::info!("video {id}: {e}");
+                    None
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn pause(&mut self, id: ShapeId) {
         self.player.pause(key(id));
     }
@@ -280,6 +308,15 @@ impl MediaHost {
             self.play(doc_uid, doc, id, clip, Some(t), owner);
             self.pause(id);
         }
+        // A video whose decoder was reclaimed (or refused at the cap) tries for one again, so its picture follows the seek.
+        if clip.video && self.videos.get(&id).is_some_and(|v| v.feed.is_none()) {
+            let bytes = doc.media(clip.media).map(|m| m.data.clone());
+            if let Some(feed) = bytes.and_then(|b| self.new_feed(id, &b))
+                && let Some(v) = self.videos.get_mut(&id)
+            {
+                v.feed = Some(feed);
+            }
+        }
         self.player.seek(key(id), t);
     }
 
@@ -804,4 +841,47 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!((a.rect.x, a.rect.y, a.rect.w, a.rect.h), (100.0, 50.0, 20.0, 20.0));
         assert_eq!((b.rect.x, b.rect.y, b.rect.w, b.rect.h), (120.0, 50.0, 20.0, 20.0));
     }
+
+    /// Past `MAX_VIDEO_FEEDS` live decoders a video shape plays without a picture, and gets a
+    /// decoder again on its next play once one has been freed.
+    #[test]
+    fn video_decoders_are_capped_and_retried_when_one_frees_up() {
+        let mut doc = Presentation::default();
+        let media = doc.add_media("clip.mp4", "video/mp4", include_bytes!("../../media/tests/fixtures/clip-h264.mp4").to_vec()).expect("media");
+        let clip = MediaClip { media, volume: 0.0, video: true, ..Default::default() };
+        let mut host = MediaHost::new(None);
+        let live = |h: &MediaHost| h.videos.values().filter(|v| v.feed.is_some()).count();
+        for n in 0..=MAX_VIDEO_FEEDS as u32 {
+            host.play(1, &doc, ShapeId(5000 + n), &clip, None, Owner::Editor);
+        }
+        assert_eq!(live(&host), MAX_VIDEO_FEEDS);
+        let extra = ShapeId(5000 + MAX_VIDEO_FEEDS as u32);
+        assert!(host.videos.get(&extra).is_some_and(|v| v.feed.is_none()), "the shape past the cap has no picture");
+        host.stop(ShapeId(5000));
+        host.play(1, &doc, extra, &clip, None, Owner::Editor);
+        assert!(host.videos.get(&extra).is_some_and(|v| v.feed.is_some()), "a freed decoder is taken on the next play");
+        assert_eq!(live(&host), MAX_VIDEO_FEEDS);
+    }
+
+    /// Seeking a video that has no decoder (refused at the cap, or reclaimed) retries one without
+    /// restarting playback, so its picture follows the seek.
+    #[test]
+    fn seeking_a_feedless_video_retries_its_decoder() {
+        let mut doc = Presentation::default();
+        let media = doc.add_media("clip.mp4", "video/mp4", include_bytes!("../../media/tests/fixtures/clip-h264.mp4").to_vec()).expect("media");
+        let clip = MediaClip { media, volume: 0.0, video: true, ..Default::default() };
+        let mut host = MediaHost::new(None);
+        for n in 0..=MAX_VIDEO_FEEDS as u32 {
+            host.play(1, &doc, ShapeId(7000 + n), &clip, None, Owner::Editor);
+        }
+        let extra = ShapeId(7000 + MAX_VIDEO_FEEDS as u32);
+        assert!(host.videos.get(&extra).is_some_and(|v| v.feed.is_none()));
+        // Still at the cap: a seek does not exceed it.
+        host.seek(1, &doc, extra, &clip, 0.0, Owner::Editor);
+        assert!(host.videos.get(&extra).is_some_and(|v| v.feed.is_none()));
+        host.stop(ShapeId(7000));
+        host.seek(1, &doc, extra, &clip, 0.0, Owner::Editor);
+        assert!(host.videos.get(&extra).is_some_and(|v| v.feed.is_some()), "the seek got a decoder");
+        assert_eq!(host.videos.values().filter(|v| v.feed.is_some()).count(), MAX_VIDEO_FEEDS);
+    }
 }

crates/ui-egui/src/panels/notes.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use deckcraft_model::edit;
 use deckcraft_model::text::{Bullet, Paragraph, RunProps, Strike, TextBody};
-use egui::text::{CCursor, Galley, LayoutJob, TextFormat};
+use egui::text::{Galley, LayoutJob, TextFormat};
 use egui::{Align2, Color32, Stroke, Ui, vec2};
 
 use crate::theme;
@@ -210,16 +210,30 @@ pub fn editor(
     out
 }
 
+/// The (min y, max y) of the row holding char index `at`; `walk` (row index, chars through that
+/// row) carries over between calls, so successive non-decreasing `at`s cost one pass in all.
+fn row_span_at(galley: &Galley, walk: &mut (usize, usize), at: usize) -> (f32, f32) {
+    while walk.0 + 1 < galley.rows.len() && (walk.1 < at || (walk.1 == at && galley.rows[walk.0].char_count_including_newline().0 > 0)) {
+        walk.0 += 1;
+        walk.1 += galley.rows[walk.0].char_count_including_newline().0;
+    }
+    galley.rows.get(walk.0).map_or((0.0, 0.0), |r| (r.min_y(), r.max_y()))
+}
+
 /// Bullets and numbers at the start of each paragraph's first line of `galley` (laid out from
 /// `body`), drawn at `origin`.
 fn paint_bullets(painter: &egui::Painter, body: &TextBody, galley: &Galley, origin: egui::Pos2, size: f32, color: Color32) {
     let k = size / 12.0;
     let mut at = 0usize;
+    // Paragraph starts only grow, so one forward walk over the rows finds each start's row
+    // (`pos_from_cursor` would rescan from the top for every bullet).
+    let mut walk = (0usize, galley.rows.first().map_or(0, |r| r.char_count_including_newline().0));
     for (p, bullet) in body.paragraphs.iter().zip(bullets(body)) {
         if let Some(b) = bullet {
-            let row = galley.pos_from_cursor(CCursor::new(at));
-            let pos = origin + vec2(px(indents(p).0, k), row.center().y);
-            let font = theme::font(row.height().clamp(size * 0.75, size * 2.0) * 0.8);
+            let (min_y, max_y) = row_span_at(galley, &mut walk, at);
+            let (center_y, height) = ((min_y + max_y) / 2.0, max_y - min_y);
+            let pos = origin + vec2(px(indents(p).0, k), center_y);
+            let font = theme::font(height.clamp(size * 0.75, size * 2.0) * 0.8);
             painter.text(pos, Align2::LEFT_CENTER, b, font, color);
         }
         at += p.char_len() + 1;
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ mod tests {
     #![allow(clippy::unwrap_used, clippy::expect_used)]
 
     use deckcraft_model::text::{ParaProps, Run};
+    use egui::text::CCursor;
 
     use super::*;
 
@@ -317,6 +332,23 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(wrapped.iter().all(|r| (r.pos.x - 22.5).abs() < 1.0), "wrapped lines align with the text");
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn row_walk_matches_cursor_lookup_at_paragraph_starts() {
+        let ctx = egui::Context::default();
+        let body = notes();
+        let mut laid = None;
+        let mut out = ctx.run_ui(Default::default(), |ui| laid = Some(galley(ui, &body, 12.0, Color32::BLACK, 300.0)));
+        out.textures_delta.clear();
+        let g = laid.unwrap();
+        let mut walk = (0usize, g.rows.first().map_or(0, |r| r.char_count_including_newline().0));
+        let mut at = 0usize;
+        for p in &body.paragraphs {
+            let want = g.pos_from_cursor(CCursor::new(at));
+            assert_eq!(row_span_at(&g, &mut walk, at), (want.min.y, want.max.y), "paragraph at char {at}");
+            at += p.char_len() + 1;
+        }
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn typing_keeps_the_formatting_around_it() {
         let mut d = Draft::new(&notes());

crates/ui-egui/src/show/render.rs

@@ -196,18 +196,40 @@ pub(super) fn part_textures(ctx: &egui::Context, doc: &Presentation, from: Optio
     ]
 }
 
+/// Width of a slide-show grid thumbnail, in pixels.
+const THUMB_WIDTH: f64 = 320.0;
+/// Tallest grid thumbnail, so an extreme portrait slide cannot ask for a huge raster.
+const THUMB_MAX_HEIGHT: f64 = 2048.0;
+
+/// The scale and pixel size of a grid thumbnail of a `width` x `height` slide.
+fn thumb_size(width: f64, height: f64) -> (f64, f64, f64) {
+    let (sw, sh) = (width.max(1.0), height.max(1.0));
+    let scale = (THUMB_WIDTH / sw).min(THUMB_MAX_HEIGHT / sh);
+    (scale, (sw * scale).round().max(1.0), (sh * scale).round().max(1.0))
+}
+
 pub(super) fn render_thumb(ctx: &egui::Context, show: &mut Show, doc: &Presentation, i: usize) -> Option<TextureHandle> {
     if show.thumbs.len() >= GRID_CAP {
         return None;
     }
-    let w = 320.0_f64;
-    let h = (w * doc.slide_size.height / doc.slide_size.width.max(1.0)).round().max(1.0);
-    let img = deckcraft_render::render_slide(
-        doc,
-        i,
-        &RenderOpts { scale: w / doc.slide_size.width.max(1.0), size: Some((w as u32, h as u32)), ..Default::default() },
-    );
+    // 320 wide, unless the slide is so tall that this would pass the height limit: fit that box.
+    let (scale, w, h) = thumb_size(doc.slide_size.width, doc.slide_size.height);
+    let img = deckcraft_render::render_slide(doc, i, &RenderOpts { scale, size: Some((w as u32, h as u32)), ..Default::default() });
     let tex = crate::textures::upload(ctx, format!("show-grid-{i}"), crate::textures::to_color_image(&img, false));
     show.thumbs.push((i, tex.clone()));
     Some(tex)
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod thumb_size_tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn ordinary_slides_are_320_wide_and_extreme_ones_stay_in_the_height_limit() {
+        let (scale, w, h) = thumb_size(960.0, 540.0);
+        assert_eq!((w, h), (320.0, 180.0));
+        assert!((scale - 320.0 / 960.0).abs() < 1e-12);
+        let (_, w, h) = thumb_size(1.0, 1.0e9);
+        assert!(h <= THUMB_MAX_HEIGHT && w >= 1.0);
+    }
+}

crates/vp9/src/decoder.rs

@@ -166,11 +166,17 @@ impl Decoder {
         if frames.len() > 1 {
             self.stats.superframes += 1;
         }
+        let queued = self.pending.len();
         for f in frames {
             if f.is_empty() {
                 continue;
             }
-            self.decode_frame(f, pts)?;
+            if let Err(e) = self.decode_frame(f, pts) {
+                // A failed sample outputs nothing: drop what its earlier subframes queued so a
+                // later drain does not expand each repeat into its own picture.
+                self.pending.truncate(queued);
+                return Err(e);
+            }
         }
         Ok(self.drain(false))
     }