diff --git a/crates/algo/src/magnetic.rs b/crates/algo/src/magnetic.rs
index f2dab08816..54759237cb 100644
--- a/crates/algo/src/magnetic.rs
+++ b/crates/algo/src/magnetic.rs
@@ -512,12 +512,11 @@ fn direction_cost(tp: [f32; 2], tq: [f32; 2], dx: i32, dy: i32, len: f32) -> f32
     if tp == [0.0; 2] || tq == [0.0; 2] {
         return NEUTRAL_DIRECTION;
     }
-    let mut l = [dx as f32 / len, dy as f32 / len];
-    if tp[0] * l[0] + tp[1] * l[1] < 0.0 {
-        l = [-l[0], -l[1]];
-    }
-    let dp = (tp[0] * l[0] + tp[1] * l[1]).clamp(-1.0, 1.0);
-    let dq = (l[0] * tq[0] + l[1] * tq[1]).clamp(-1.0, 1.0);
+    // An edge tangent is an axis, not a directed vector: reversing the strongest channel's
+    // gradient must not make an otherwise straight edge expensive to follow.
+    let l = [dx as f32 / len, dy as f32 / len];
+    let dp = (tp[0] * l[0] + tp[1] * l[1]).abs().clamp(0.0, 1.0);
+    let dq = (l[0] * tq[0] + l[1] * tq[1]).abs().clamp(0.0, 1.0);
     2.0 / (3.0 * PI) * (dp.acos() + dq.acos())
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/algo/src/magnetic/tests.rs b/crates/algo/src/magnetic/tests.rs
index ccfc73bc04..ee187bc781 100644
--- a/crates/algo/src/magnetic/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/algo/src/magnetic/tests.rs
@@ -55,6 +55,39 @@ fn snaps_to_the_most_prominent_edge() {
     assert!((p[0] - 18.0).abs() < 0.01, "{p:?}");
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn gradient_polarity_does_not_make_a_straight_edge_look_like_a_turn() {
+    // A gradient can reverse across adjacent pixels when another colour channel becomes the
+    // strongest one. The edge tangent is an axis, so its sign must not change the path cost.
+    let forward = direction_cost([1.0, 0.0], [1.0, 0.0], 1, 0, 1.0);
+    let reversed = direction_cost([1.0, 0.0], [-1.0, 0.0], 1, 0, 1.0);
+    assert!(forward < 1e-6, "aligned edge: {forward}");
+    assert!(reversed < 1e-6, "same edge with reversed gradient polarity: {reversed}");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn traces_a_straight_edge_through_a_gradient_polarity_change() {
+    let read = Cell::new(0);
+    // The contrast stays high, but the edge changes from dark-to-light to light-to-dark halfway
+    // down. The horizontal seam intersects it; the guide stays on the vertical contour.
+    let mut f = image(
+        |x, y| {
+            let left = x < 32;
+            let top = y < 32;
+            let white = left != top;
+            grey(if white { 255 } else { 0 })
+        },
+        &read,
+    );
+    let mut t = Tracer::new(Rect::new(0, 0, 64, 64));
+    let path = t.trace(&mut f, [32.0, 5.0], [32.0, 59.0], &[[32.0, 32.0]], Settings::default());
+    assert_eq!(path.first(), Some(&[32.0, 5.0]));
+    assert_eq!(path.last(), Some(&[32.0, 59.0]));
+    for p in &path {
+        assert!((p[0] - 32.0).abs() < 1.0, "left the high-contrast edge: {p:?}; {path:?}");
+    }
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn trace_follows_a_curved_edge() {
     let read = Cell::new(0);
diff --git a/crates/automation/src/rpc.rs b/crates/automation/src/rpc.rs
index 5fea450270..65e710e9d3 100644
--- a/crates/automation/src/rpc.rs
+++ b/crates/automation/src/rpc.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@
 use std::io::{BufRead, Write};
 use std::net::TcpListener;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex, PoisonError};
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 
 use base64::Engine as _;
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
@@ -325,32 +327,67 @@ fn serve_tcp_connection(h: &Mutex<Headless>, stream: std::net::TcpStream, token:
     }
 }
 
+/// Headless TCP daemons with no clients should eventually release their listening port (#3682).
+const TCP_IDLE_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(30 * 60);
+
 /// Serve authenticated JSON lines on a loopback TCP address with one shared session.
-/// Refuses non-loopback addresses and caps active connections and request bytes.
+/// Refuses non-loopback addresses, caps connections and request bytes, and closes the listener
+/// after an idle period with no connections. Active clients are never evicted by this timer.
 pub fn serve_tcp(addr: &str, h: Arc<Mutex<Headless>>, token: String, ready: impl FnOnce(std::net::SocketAddr)) -> Result<(), AutomationError> {
+    serve_tcp_until_idle(addr, h, token, ready, TCP_IDLE_TIMEOUT)
+}
+
+fn serve_tcp_until_idle(
+    addr: &str,
+    h: Arc<Mutex<Headless>>,
+    token: String,
+    ready: impl FnOnce(std::net::SocketAddr),
+    idle: Duration,
+) -> Result<(), AutomationError> {
     let listener = TcpListener::bind(addr).map_err(|e| AutomationError::Io(format!("bind {addr}: {e}")))?;
     let local = listener.local_addr().map_err(|e| AutomationError::Io(e.to_string()))?;
     if !local.ip().is_loopback() {
         return Err(bad(format!("{addr} is not a loopback address")));
     }
+    listener.set_nonblocking(true).map_err(|e| AutomationError::Io(e.to_string()))?;
     ready(local);
     let limiter = ConnectionLimiter::new(MAX_CONNECTIONS);
     let token = Arc::new(token);
-    for stream in listener.incoming() {
-        let Ok(mut stream) = stream else { continue };
-        let Some(permit) = limiter.try_acquire() else {
-            let _ = configure_stream(&stream);
-            let _ = writeln!(stream, "{}", json!({"id": null, "ok": false, "error": "connection limit reached"}));
-            continue;
-        };
-        let h = h.clone();
-        let token = Arc::clone(&token);
-        std::thread::spawn(move || {
-            let _permit = permit;
-            let _ = serve_tcp_connection(&h, stream, &token, AUTH_DEADLINE);
-        });
+    let active = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let mut last_active = Instant::now();
+    loop {
+        match listener.accept() {
+            Ok((mut stream, _)) => {
+                last_active = Instant::now();
+                let Some(permit) = limiter.try_acquire() else {
+                    let _ = configure_stream(&stream);
+                    let _ = writeln!(stream, "{}", json!({"id": null, "ok": false, "error": "connection limit reached"}));
+                    continue;
+                };
+                // The listener is nonblocking; individual requests still use blocking socket I/O.
+                let _ = stream.set_nonblocking(false);
+                let h = h.clone();
+                let token = Arc::clone(&token);
+                let active = Arc::clone(&active);
+                active.fetch_add(1, Ordering::AcqRel);
+                std::thread::spawn(move || {
+                    let _permit = permit;
+                    let _ = serve_tcp_connection(&h, stream, &token, AUTH_DEADLINE);
+                    active.fetch_sub(1, Ordering::AcqRel);
+                });
+            }
+            Err(e) if e.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock => {
+                if active.load(Ordering::Acquire) != 0 {
+                    last_active = Instant::now();
+                } else if last_active.elapsed() >= idle {
+                    return Ok(());
+                }
+                std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));
+            }
+            Err(e) if matches!(e.kind(), std::io::ErrorKind::Interrupted | std::io::ErrorKind::ConnectionAborted) => {}
+            Err(e) => return Err(AutomationError::Io(e.to_string())),
+        }
     }
-    Ok(())
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -1146,6 +1183,38 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(h.handle("methods", Value::Null).is_ok());
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn idle_tcp_daemon_releases_its_port_but_keeps_active_clients() {
+        use std::io::BufReader;
+        const TOKEN: &str = "0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef";
+        let h = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Headless::new()));
+        let (ready_tx, ready_rx) = std::sync::mpsc::channel();
+        let (done_tx, done_rx) = std::sync::mpsc::channel();
+        let server = std::thread::spawn(move || {
+            let result = serve_tcp_until_idle("127.0.0.1:0", h, TOKEN.to_owned(), move |addr| ready_tx.send(addr).unwrap(), Duration::from_millis(200));
+            done_tx.send(result).unwrap();
+        });
+        let addr = ready_rx.recv_timeout(Duration::from_secs(2)).unwrap();
+        let mut client = std::net::TcpStream::connect(addr).unwrap();
+        client.set_read_timeout(Some(Duration::from_secs(2))).unwrap();
+        let mut reader = BufReader::new(client.try_clone().unwrap());
+        writeln!(client, r#"{{"id":"auth","method":"auth","params":{{"token":"{TOKEN}"}}}}"#).unwrap();
+        let mut line = String::new();
+        reader.read_line(&mut line).unwrap();
+        let auth: Value = serde_json::from_str(&line).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(auth["result"]["authenticated"], true);
+        // The port stays owned well past the idle limit while a client is connected.
+        assert!(
+            matches!(done_rx.recv_timeout(Duration::from_millis(450)), Err(std::sync::mpsc::RecvTimeoutError::Timeout)),
+            "daemon exited with a live client"
+        );
+        drop(reader);
+        drop(client);
+        assert!(done_rx.recv_timeout(Duration::from_secs(3)).unwrap().is_ok(), "idle daemon did not exit cleanly");
+        server.join().unwrap();
+        assert!(TcpListener::bind(addr).is_ok(), "idle listener still owns its port");
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn tcp_serves_loopback() {
         use std::io::{BufReader, Write as _};
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/align_cmds.rs b/crates/engine/src/align_cmds.rs
index d4cc56b2bd..99e3c8a590 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/align_cmds.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/align_cmds.rs
@@ -44,6 +44,14 @@ fn selected_pixel_layers(s: &Session) -> Vec<LayerId> {
     st.selected_layers().into_iter().filter(|id| st.doc.layer(*id).is_some_and(|l| matches!(l.content, LayerContent::Raster(_)))).collect()
 }
 
+/// Whether a lock keeps the layer `id` from being moved or warped: lock all, position or pixels.
+/// The Background's own position lock doesn't count: like Free Transform, Auto-Align turns the
+/// Background into a normal layer when it has to move it (Photoshop).
+fn pinned(doc: &Document, id: LayerId) -> bool {
+    let l = doc.effective_locks(id);
+    l.all || l.pixels || (l.position && !doc.is_background(id))
+}
+
 fn two_layers(s: &Session) -> std::result::Result<(), String> {
     s.active().ok_or("no document open")?;
     if selected_pixel_layers(s).len() < 2 { Err("select two or more pixel layers in the Layers panel".into()) } else { Ok(()) }
@@ -63,7 +71,8 @@ fn auto_align(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let reference = match p.get("reference").and_then(Value::as_u64) {
         Some(r) if ids.contains(&LayerId(r)) => LayerId(r),
         Some(r) => return Err(bad(cmd, format!("reference {r} is not a selected pixel layer"))),
-        None => ids[0],
+        // As in Photoshop, a locked layer stays put: it becomes the reference (#7080).
+        None => ids.iter().copied().find(|id| pinned(&doc, *id)).unwrap_or(ids[0]),
     };
     let ref_idx = ids.iter().position(|i| *i == reference).unwrap_or(0);
     let area = doc.bounds();
@@ -100,6 +109,9 @@ fn auto_align(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     if moves.is_empty() {
         return Err(EngineError::Other("Auto-Align couldn't find enough matching detail between the layers".into()));
     }
+    if let Some(l) = moves.iter().find(|&&i| pinned(&doc, ids[i])).and_then(|&i| doc.layer(ids[i])) {
+        return Err(EngineError::Other(format!("Auto-Align can't move the locked layer \"{}\"", l.name)));
+    }
     let warped: Vec<(LayerId, Surface, Option<Surface>)> = moves
         .iter()
         .map(|&i| {
@@ -122,6 +134,8 @@ fn auto_align(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         .collect::<Result<_>>()?;
     s.edit("Auto-Align Layers", |doc, _| {
         for (id, px, mask) in &warped {
+            // Photoshop turns the Background into a normal layer before moving it.
+            crate::extra_cmds::background_to_layer(doc, *id);
             let l = doc.layer_mut(*id).ok_or(EngineError::NoLayer(*id))?;
             if let Some(surf) = l.surface_mut() {
                 *surf = px.clone();
@@ -331,7 +345,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
         spec!(
             "edit.autoAlignLayers",
             "Auto-Align Layers…",
-            r##"{"projection":"auto|perspective|cylindrical|spherical|collage|reposition","reference":layer id?=bottom selected layer,"geometricCorrection":bool=false,"interpolation":"bicubic|bilinear|nearest","registration":"auto|features|intensity"}"##,
+            r##"{"projection":"auto|perspective|cylindrical|spherical|collage|reposition","reference":layer id?=the locked selected layer, else the bottom selected layer,"geometricCorrection":bool=false,"interpolation":"bicubic|bilinear|nearest","registration":"auto|features|intensity"}"##,
             auto_align
         ),
         spec!(
@@ -350,8 +364,15 @@ mod tests {
     /// Deterministic texture written into a layer at offset (dx, dy).
     fn texture_layer(s: &mut Session, name: &str, dx: i32, dy: i32) -> LayerId {
         s.execute("layer.new.layer", json!({"name": name})).unwrap();
-        s.edit("tex", |doc, active| {
-            let surf = doc.layer_mut(active.unwrap()).unwrap().surface_mut().unwrap();
+        let id = s.active().unwrap().active_layer.unwrap();
+        paint_texture(s, id, dx, dy);
+        id
+    }
+
+    /// Writes the deterministic texture into layer `id` at offset (dx, dy).
+    fn paint_texture(s: &mut Session, id: LayerId, dx: i32, dy: i32) {
+        s.edit("tex", |doc, _| {
+            let surf = doc.layer_mut(id).unwrap().surface_mut().unwrap();
             let mut seed = 99u64;
             let mut rnd = || {
                 seed = seed.wrapping_mul(6364136223846793005).wrapping_add(1442695040888963407);
@@ -367,7 +388,6 @@ mod tests {
             Ok(())
         })
         .unwrap();
-        s.active().unwrap().active_layer.unwrap()
     }
 
     fn select(s: &mut Session, ids: &[LayerId]) {
@@ -411,6 +431,86 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(s.execute("edit.autoAlignLayers", json!({"reference": u64::MAX})).is_err());
     }
 
+    /// As in Photoshop, a locked layer stays where it is: it becomes the reference and the
+    /// others move onto it (#7080).
+    #[test]
+    fn auto_align_keeps_a_locked_layer_as_the_reference() {
+        for lock in ["all", "position", "pixels"] {
+            let mut s = Session::new();
+            s.execute("file.new", json!({"width": 300, "height": 240, "background": "transparent"})).unwrap();
+            let a = texture_layer(&mut s, "A", 20, 20);
+            let b = texture_layer(&mut s, "B", 31, 13);
+            s.edit("lock", |doc, _| {
+                doc.layer_mut(b).unwrap().locks.set(lock, true);
+                Ok(())
+            })
+            .unwrap();
+            select(&mut s, &[a, b]);
+            let r = s.execute("edit.autoAlignLayers", json!({"projection": "reposition"})).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(r["reference"], b.0, "{lock}: {r}");
+            let doc = &s.active().unwrap().doc;
+            let bb = doc.layer(b).unwrap().surface().unwrap().content_bounds();
+            assert_eq!((bb.x0, bb.y0), (31, 13), "{lock}: the locked layer stays put");
+            let ab = doc.layer(a).unwrap().surface().unwrap().content_bounds();
+            assert!((ab.x0 - 31).abs() <= 1 && (ab.y0 - 13).abs() <= 1, "{lock}: {ab:?} {r}");
+            // An explicit reference that would move the locked layer is refused.
+            s.undo();
+            assert!(s.execute("edit.autoAlignLayers", json!({"projection": "reposition", "reference": a.0})).is_err());
+            // Two locked layers: nothing may move.
+            s.edit("lock", |doc, _| {
+                doc.layer_mut(a).unwrap().locks.set(lock, true);
+                Ok(())
+            })
+            .unwrap();
+            assert!(s.execute("edit.autoAlignLayers", json!({"projection": "reposition"})).is_err());
+            let bb = s.active().unwrap().doc.layer(a).unwrap().surface().unwrap().content_bounds();
+            assert_eq!((bb.x0, bb.y0), (20, 20));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The Background doesn't block Auto-Align: when a projection reprojects every layer
+    /// (Cylindrical, Spherical, or Auto choosing one), or another layer is the reference, it
+    /// becomes a normal layer ("Layer 0") and moves, as in Photoshop and as Free Transform does.
+    #[test]
+    fn auto_align_moves_the_background_as_a_normal_layer() {
+        let setup = || {
+            let mut s = Session::new();
+            s.execute("file.new", json!({"width": 300, "height": 240, "background": "white"})).unwrap();
+            let bg = s.active().unwrap().doc.background().unwrap().id;
+            paint_texture(&mut s, bg, 20, 20);
+            let b = texture_layer(&mut s, "B", 31, 13);
+            select(&mut s, &[bg, b]);
+            (s, bg, b)
+        };
+        for projection in ["cylindrical", "spherical", "auto"] {
+            let (mut s, bg, b) = setup();
+            let r = s.execute("edit.autoAlignLayers", json!({"projection": projection})).unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("{projection}: {e}"));
+            let doc = &s.active().unwrap().doc;
+            let moved = r["aligned"].as_array().unwrap().iter().any(|a| a["layer"] == bg.0);
+            assert_eq!(moved, projection != "auto" || r["layout"] != "perspective", "{projection}: {r}");
+            assert_eq!(doc.is_background(bg), !moved, "{projection}: a moved Background is a normal layer: {r}");
+            if moved {
+                assert_eq!(doc.layer(bg).unwrap().name, "Layer 0", "{projection}");
+            }
+            assert!(doc.layer(b).is_some(), "{projection}");
+            s.undo();
+            assert!(s.active().unwrap().doc.is_background(bg), "{projection}: undo restores the Background");
+        }
+        // Planar, with the other layer as the reference: the Background moves onto it.
+        let (mut s, bg, b) = setup();
+        s.execute("edit.autoAlignLayers", json!({"projection": "reposition", "reference": b.0})).unwrap();
+        let doc = &s.active().unwrap().doc;
+        assert!(!doc.is_background(bg));
+        // Default reference: the Background (bottom) stays put and stays the Background.
+        let (mut s, bg, b) = setup();
+        let r = s.execute("edit.autoAlignLayers", json!({"projection": "reposition"})).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(r["reference"], bg.0, "{r}");
+        let doc = &s.active().unwrap().doc;
+        assert!(doc.is_background(bg));
+        let bb = doc.layer(b).unwrap().surface().unwrap().content_bounds();
+        assert!((bb.x0 - 20).abs() <= 1 && (bb.y0 - 20).abs() <= 1, "{bb:?} {r}");
+    }
+
     /// The moving layer's mask is warped as a mask: one grey channel whose outside keeps its
     /// default (reveal-all stays revealed, hide-all stays hidden), for planar and mesh warps.
     #[test]
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/atn_cmds.rs b/crates/engine/src/atn_cmds.rs
index 0acaa9cf3a..12b4994feb 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/atn_cmds.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/atn_cmds.rs
@@ -782,46 +782,32 @@ fn selective_from(d: &Descriptor) -> Option<Value> {
 }
 
 fn selective_to(p: &Value) -> Option<Descriptor> {
-    // Each range, as the command reads it (`adjust_cmds::selective_from_params`): the array form
-    // `"reds": [c, m, y, k]` first, then the scalar form, which names one range in `"colors"` and
-    // gives the channels it changes. Writing only the arrays dropped the scalar form's values, and
-    // the step exported as an adjustment that changes nothing (#7672).
-    let mut rows: Vec<Option<[f64; 4]>> = vec![None; SELECTIVE_RANGES.len()];
-    for (row, (_, name)) in rows.iter_mut().zip(SELECTIVE_RANGES) {
-        if let Some(a) = p.get(*name).and_then(Value::as_array) {
-            let v = |i: usize| a.get(i).and_then(Value::as_f64).unwrap_or(0.0);
-            *row = Some([v(0), v(1), v(2), v(3)]);
-        }
-    }
-    if let Some(named) = jstr(p, "colors") {
-        let i = SELECTIVE_RANGES.iter().position(|(_, name)| *name == named)?;
-        let row = rows.get_mut(i)?;
-        let mut v = row.unwrap_or([0.0; 4]);
-        for (slot, key) in v.iter_mut().zip(["cyan", "magenta", "yellow", "black"]) {
-            // A channel that is given but is not a number is an error in the command
-            // (`adjust_cmds::selective_from_params`), so a step carrying one cannot be written
-            // either: ignoring it would export a different adjustment than the one recorded.
-            // `null` counts as absent there, and so here.
-            match p.get(key) {
-                None | Some(Value::Null) => {}
-                Some(_) => *slot = jnum(p, key)?,
-            }
-        }
-        *row = Some(v);
-    }
+    // Match command execution: scalar components override only the selected range, `relative`
+    // takes precedence over `method`, and invalid values must not become a different edit.
+    let photocraft_doc::Adjustment::SelectiveColor { relative, adjustments } = crate::adjust_cmds::selective_from_params(p, None).ok()? else {
+        return None;
+    };
     let mut list = Vec::new();
-    for (row, (ps, _)) in rows.iter().zip(SELECTIVE_RANGES) {
-        if let Some(v) = row {
+    for (name, row) in crate::adjust_cmds::RANGES.into_iter().zip(adjustments) {
+        if p.get(name).is_some_and(|v| !v.is_null()) || jstr(p, "colors") == Some(name) {
+            let ps = lookup_back(SELECTIVE_RANGES, name)?;
+            let [cyan, magenta, yellow, black] = row.map(f64::from);
             list.push(D::Descriptor(
-                desc("ClrC").with("Clrs", enm("Clrs", ps)).with("Cyn ", pct(v[0])).with("Mgnt", pct(v[1])).with("Yllw", pct(v[2])).with("Blck", pct(v[3])),
+                desc("ClrC")
+                    .with("Clrs", enm("Clrs", ps))
+                    .with("Cyn ", pct(cyan))
+                    .with("Mgnt", pct(magenta))
+                    .with("Yllw", pct(yellow))
+                    .with("Blck", pct(black)),
             ));
         }
     }
-    let mut d = desc("SlcC").with("presetKind", enm("presetKindType", "presetKindCustom"));
-    if let Some(m) = jstr(p, "method") {
-        d = d.with("Mthd", enm("CrcM", if m == "absolute" { "Absl" } else { "Rltv" }));
-    }
-    Some(d.with("ClrC", D::List(list)))
+    Some(
+        desc("SlcC")
+            .with("presetKind", enm("presetKindType", "presetKindCustom"))
+            .with("Mthd", enm("CrcM", if relative { "Rltv" } else { "Absl" }))
+            .with("ClrC", D::List(list)),
+    )
 }
 
 /// Gradient Map: the gradient's colour stops at 0..4096 → `stops: [[0..1, "#rrggbb"], …]`.
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/edit_cmds.rs b/crates/engine/src/edit_cmds.rs
index 1ae19fcdad..1a6c3a4072 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/edit_cmds.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/edit_cmds.rs
@@ -450,15 +450,35 @@ fn paste_layers(s: &mut Session, layers: &Document, dx: i32, dy: i32) -> Result<
 
 /// How far a paste moves the clipboard pixels: not at all in place (or when they lie on the
 /// canvas and no `center` is given), else onto `center` (the view centre from the UI) or the
-/// canvas centre.
+/// canvas centre, then kept on the canvas as Photoshop keeps it: pixels that fit stay wholly
+/// inside, larger ones start at the canvas's top-left corner (#6759). `"clampToCanvas": false`
+/// skips that, for Paste Into / Outside, which centre on the selection.
 pub(crate) fn paste_offset(clip: &Clip, canvas: Rect, p: &Value, in_place: bool) -> (i32, i32) {
     if in_place || (clip.bounds.intersect(&canvas) == clip.bounds && p.get("center").is_none()) {
         return (0, 0);
     }
     let c = p.get("center").and_then(Value::as_array).filter(|a| a.len() >= 2).map(|a| (a[0].as_f64().unwrap_or(0.0), a[1].as_f64().unwrap_or(0.0)));
-    let (cx, cy) = c.unwrap_or(((f64::from(canvas.x0) + f64::from(canvas.x1)) / 2.0, (f64::from(canvas.y0) + f64::from(canvas.y1)) / 2.0));
+    let (cx, cy) = c.unwrap_or((mid(canvas.x0, canvas.x1), mid(canvas.y0, canvas.y1)));
     let b = clip.bounds;
-    ((cx - (f64::from(b.x0) + f64::from(b.x1)) / 2.0).round() as i32, (cy - (f64::from(b.y0) + f64::from(b.y1)) / 2.0).round() as i32)
+    let (dx, dy) = ((cx - mid(b.x0, b.x1)).round(), (cy - mid(b.y0, b.y1)).round());
+    if p.get("clampToCanvas").and_then(Value::as_bool) == Some(false) || b.is_empty() {
+        return (dx as i32, dy as i32);
+    }
+    (clamp_shift(dx, b.x0, b.x1, canvas.x0, canvas.x1), clamp_shift(dy, b.y0, b.y1, canvas.y0, canvas.y1))
+}
+
+/// The midpoint of `a..b`, each edge converted before adding so extreme coordinates can't overflow.
+fn mid(a: i32, b: i32) -> f64 {
+    (f64::from(a) + f64::from(b)) / 2.0
+}
+
+/// Shift `d` of the span `b0..b1` along one axis, changed as little as needed to keep the span
+/// inside `c0..c1` when it fits; a span longer than the canvas starts at `c0`.
+fn clamp_shift(d: f64, b0: i32, b1: i32, c0: i32, c1: i32) -> i32 {
+    let (b0, b1, c0, c1) = (i64::from(b0), i64::from(b1), i64::from(c0), i64::from(c1));
+    // `as` saturates a NaN or out-of-range shift, then the clamp brings it into range.
+    let start = if b1 - b0 <= c1 - c0 { b0.saturating_add(d as i64).clamp(c0, c1 - (b1 - b0)) } else { c0 };
+    i32::try_from(start - b0).unwrap_or(if start > b0 { i32::MAX } else { i32::MIN })
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn shifted(surface: &Surface, dx: i32, dy: i32) -> Surface {
@@ -994,7 +1014,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             &["Edit"],
             Some("Cmd+V"),
             concat!(
-                r#"{"center":[x,y]? (view centre; default keeps the position when it overlaps the canvas),"#,
+                r#"{"center":[x,y]? (view centre; default keeps the position when it overlaps the canvas),"clampToCanvas":bool=true (keep the paste on the canvas, or at its top-left when larger),"#,
                 paste_target!(),
                 "} (with no document open: a new document from the clipboard)"
             ),
@@ -1288,6 +1308,78 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(s.active().unwrap().doc.layers.len(), 4);
     }
 
+    /// A `w`×`h` document with an opaque `cw`×`ch` image from another app on the clipboard.
+    fn external_clip_session(w: i32, h: i32, cw: i32, ch: i32) -> Session {
+        let mut s = Session::new();
+        s.execute("file.new", json!({"width": w, "height": h})).unwrap();
+        let mut surface = Surface::new(PixelFormat::RGBA8);
+        surface.fill_rect(Rect::new(0, 0, cw, ch), &[1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]);
+        s.clipboard = Some(Clip { surface, bounds: Rect::new(0, 0, cw, ch), layers: None, resolution: None });
+        s
+    }
+
+    /// #6759: wherever the view is centred, a paste that fits the canvas stays wholly on it.
+    #[test]
+    fn paste_that_fits_stays_on_the_canvas() {
+        for (w, h, center, want) in [
+            (60, 100, [40.0, 45.0], Rect::new(0, 0, 60, 100)),
+            (60, 100, [-500.0, 900.0], Rect::new(0, 0, 60, 100)),
+            (100, 100, [10.0, 80.0], Rect::new(0, 0, 60, 100)),
+            (100, 100, [95.0, 50.0], Rect::new(40, 0, 100, 100)),
+            (100, 120, [50.0, 60.0], Rect::new(20, 10, 80, 110)),
+        ] {
+            let mut s = external_clip_session(w, h, 60, 100);
+            s.execute("edit.paste", json!({ "center": center })).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(active_bounds(&s), want, "{w}x{h} canvas, view centre {center:?}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// #6759: a paste larger than the canvas starts at its top-left corner, wherever the view is.
+    #[test]
+    fn paste_larger_than_the_canvas_starts_at_its_top_left() {
+        for center in [[0.0, 0.0], [25.0, 20.0], [1000.0, 1000.0], [-1000.0, 30.0]] {
+            let mut s = external_clip_session(50, 40, 60, 100);
+            s.execute("edit.paste", json!({ "center": center })).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(active_bounds(&s), Rect::new(0, 0, 60, 100), "view centre {center:?}");
+        }
+        // Wider but not taller: at the left edge, and wholly inside vertically.
+        for (center, want) in
+            [([500.0, 500.0], Rect::new(0, 100, 60, 200)), ([-500.0, -500.0], Rect::new(0, 0, 60, 100)), ([25.0, 120.0], Rect::new(0, 70, 60, 170))]
+        {
+            let mut s = external_clip_session(50, 200, 60, 100);
+            s.execute("edit.paste", json!({ "center": center })).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(active_bounds(&s), want, "view centre {center:?}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Paste Into centres on the selection even where that runs off the canvas.
+    #[test]
+    fn paste_into_is_not_clamped_to_the_canvas() {
+        let mut s = session();
+        s.execute("select.rect", json!({"x": 10, "y": 10, "width": 40, "height": 20})).unwrap();
+        s.execute("edit.copy", json!({})).unwrap();
+        s.execute("select.rect", json!({"x": 90, "y": 90, "width": 10, "height": 10})).unwrap();
+        s.execute("edit.pasteSpecial.pasteInto", json!({})).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(active_bounds(&s), Rect::new(75, 85, 115, 105));
+    }
+
+    /// The clamp never overflows or panics: NaN, infinite and `i32`-limit shifts saturate (Rule 9).
+    #[test]
+    fn paste_offset_clamp_survives_extreme_coordinates() {
+        assert_eq!(clamp_shift(f64::NAN, 0, 10, 0, 100), 0);
+        assert_eq!(clamp_shift(f64::INFINITY, 0, 10, 0, 100), 90);
+        assert_eq!(clamp_shift(f64::NEG_INFINITY, i32::MIN, i32::MAX, 0, 1), i32::MAX);
+        assert_eq!(clamp_shift(1e30, i32::MIN, i32::MIN + 1, i32::MAX - 1, i32::MAX), i32::MAX);
+        let clip = Clip {
+            surface: Surface::new(PixelFormat::RGBA8),
+            bounds: Rect::new(i32::MAX - 2, i32::MAX - 2, i32::MAX, i32::MAX),
+            layers: None,
+            resolution: None,
+        };
+        let (dx, dy) = paste_offset(&clip, Rect::new(i32::MIN, i32::MIN, i32::MIN + 4, i32::MIN + 4), &json!({}), false);
+        assert_eq!((dx, dy), (i32::MIN, i32::MIN), "an unrepresentable shift saturates instead of wrapping");
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn paste_with_malformed_center_does_not_panic() {
         // A short/empty `center` array must not panic (Rule 9) — it falls back to the canvas centre.
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/extra_cmds.rs b/crates/engine/src/extra_cmds.rs
index c24f30e515..db5c93fcfe 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/extra_cmds.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/extra_cmds.rs
@@ -336,6 +336,9 @@ fn can_reselect(s: &Session) -> std::result::Result<(), String> {
     reselect_target(s).map(|_| ()).ok_or_else(|| "there is no selection to restore".into())
 }
 
+/// Edit › Paste Special › Paste Into (or Outside): the clipboard centred on the selection, not
+/// clamped to the canvas, as a new layer masked to the selection (or its inverse), or into the
+/// targeted mask or channel. One history step.
 fn paste_into(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, outside: bool) -> Result<Value> {
     let d = s.active().ok_or(EngineError::NoDocument)?;
     let selection = d.doc.selection.clone().ok_or(EngineError::Other("Paste Into needs a selection".into()))?;
@@ -353,7 +356,8 @@ fn paste_into(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, outside: bool) -> Result<Value> {
         selection
     };
     let label = if outside { "Paste Outside" } else { "Paste Into" };
-    let mut params = json!({"center": [(b.x0 + b.x1) as f64 / 2.0, (b.y0 + b.y1) as f64 / 2.0]});
+    // Centred on the selection, even where that runs off the canvas (not clamped like a paste).
+    let mut params = json!({"center": [(b.x0 + b.x1) as f64 / 2.0, (b.y0 + b.y1) as f64 / 2.0], "clampToCanvas": false});
     if let Some(c) = p.get("center") {
         params["center"] = c.clone();
     }
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/image_cmds.rs b/crates/engine/src/image_cmds.rs
index d52522ca35..6353f1f2cc 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/image_cmds.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/image_cmds.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 //! Image menu: Image Size, Canvas Size, Crop, Trim, Mode (colour model and
 //! bit depth) conversions, Duplicate.
 
+use std::convert::Infallible;
+
 use photocraft_algo::resample::{Resample, crop_surface, resize_surface_in_canvas, translate_surface};
 use photocraft_color::{ColorMode, SampleType};
 use photocraft_doc::{Document, Effect, Effects, FxPaint, Layer, LayerContent, LayerId, Size};
@@ -297,6 +299,7 @@ pub(crate) fn resample_doc(doc: &mut Document, nw: u32, nh: u32, filter: Resampl
     }
     // Content that reaches the canvas edge keeps it: a Background stays opaque to the border.
     let canvas = Rect::from_xywh(0, 0, ow, oh);
+    let taken = crate::smart_cmds::take_caches(&mut doc.layers);
     for_each_surface(&mut doc.layers, true, &mut |surf, is_mask| {
         *surf = resize_surface_in_canvas(surf, sx, sy, if is_mask { Resample::Bilinear } else { filter }, canvas);
     });
@@ -321,6 +324,7 @@ pub(crate) fn resample_doc(doc: &mut Document, nw: u32, nh: u32, filter: Resampl
     crate::canvas_geom::transform_geometry(doc, &photocraft_geom::Affine { m: [sx, 0.0, 0.0, sy, 0.0, 0.0] });
     doc.size = Size::new(nw, nh);
     crate::canvas_geom::refresh(doc, crate::canvas_geom::Refresh::All);
+    let Ok(()) = crate::smart_cmds::restore_unrendered(doc, taken, |c| Ok::<_, Infallible>(resize_surface_in_canvas(c, sx, sy, filter, canvas)));
 }
 
 fn bad(cmd: &str, msg: impl Into<String>) -> EngineError {
@@ -371,6 +375,26 @@ pub(crate) fn translate_doc(doc: &mut Document, cmd: &str, dx: i32, dy: i32) ->
     Ok(())
 }
 
+/// Delete Cropped Pixels on a layer tree: crops pixel-layer data only to `r`. Type and smart
+/// objects move by shifting their rendered pixels, so cutting those would clip them at the old
+/// edge. A video layer's stored frames are its pixels too: the displayed content is only the frame
+/// at the playhead, so the others would bring the cropped pixels back when scrubbing (#4956).
+fn delete_cropped_pixels(layers: &mut [Layer], r: Rect) {
+    for_each_layer(layers, &mut |l| {
+        if let Some(fc) = &mut l.fill_cache {
+            fc.surface = crop_surface(&fc.surface, r);
+        }
+        if let Some(v) = &mut l.video {
+            for frame in v.frames.iter_mut().chain(v.original_frames.iter_mut().flatten()) {
+                *frame = crop_surface(frame, r);
+            }
+        }
+        if let LayerContent::Raster(s) = &mut l.content {
+            *s = crop_surface(s, r);
+        }
+    });
+}
+
 /// Crops the document to `r` (in current document coordinates).
 /// A frame that extends past the canvas fills the Background's new area with `extension` (the
 /// background colour, as Photoshop's Crop tool does); other layers get transparent pixels there.
@@ -382,7 +406,7 @@ fn crop_doc(doc: &mut Document, cmd: &str, r: Rect, delete_pixels: bool, extensi
     let old_canvas = doc.bounds();
     let extends = r.x0 < old_canvas.x0 || r.y0 < old_canvas.y0 || r.x1 > old_canvas.x1 || r.y1 > old_canvas.y1;
     if delete_pixels {
-        for_each_surface(&mut doc.layers, false, &mut |surf, _| *surf = crop_surface(surf, r));
+        delete_cropped_pixels(&mut doc.layers, r);
     }
     translate_doc(doc, cmd, dx, dy)?;
     doc.size = Size::new(r.width(), r.height());
@@ -753,7 +777,14 @@ fn rotated_crop(s: &mut Session, r: Rect, angle: f64, delete: bool, content_awar
         if delete {
             let keep = turned_crop_source(size, new, angle, target);
             s.edit("Crop", |doc, _| {
-                for_each_surface(&mut doc.layers, true, &mut |surf, _| *surf = crop_surface(surf, keep));
+                // Type and smart objects stay whole, as in the crop itself: the rotation re-renders
+                // them, but a smart object whose source is unavailable keeps its cache.
+                delete_cropped_pixels(&mut doc.layers, keep);
+                for_each_layer(&mut doc.layers, &mut |l| {
+                    if let Some(m) = &mut l.mask {
+                        m.surface = crop_surface(&m.surface, keep);
+                    }
+                });
                 for ch in doc.channels.iter_mut().chain(doc.quick_mask.as_mut()) {
                     ch.surface = crop_surface(&ch.surface, keep);
                 }
@@ -1093,6 +1124,37 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Delete Cropped Pixels on a shrinking crop deletes the cropped area from every stored video
+    /// frame (and the original footage), not just the displayed one (#4956).
+    #[test]
+    fn delete_cropped_pixels_crops_stored_video_frames() {
+        let mut s = session();
+        s.edit("video", |doc, active| {
+            let l = doc.layer_mut(active.unwrap()).unwrap();
+            let red = l.surface().unwrap().clone();
+            let mut blue = red.clone();
+            blue.fill_rect(Rect::new(0, 0, 40, 20), &[0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0]);
+            let mut v = photocraft_doc::VideoData::new(vec![red.clone(), blue.clone()], 24.0);
+            v.original_frames = Some(vec![red, blue]);
+            l.video = Some(v);
+            Ok(())
+        })
+        .unwrap();
+        s.execute("image.crop", json!({"x": 15, "y": 0, "width": 25, "height": 20, "deleteCroppedPixels": true})).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(doc(&s).size, Size::new(25, 20));
+        let v = doc(&s).layers[1].video.as_ref().unwrap();
+        let originals = v.original_frames.as_ref().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!((v.frames.len(), originals.len()), (2, 2));
+        for frames in [&v.frames, originals] {
+            // The red square (10..20, 5..15) keeps only its right half; the full blue frame
+            // keeps exactly the 25×20 crop.
+            assert_eq!(frames[0].content_bounds(), Rect::new(0, 5, 5, 15));
+            assert_eq!(frames[0].pixel(2, 10), vec![1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]);
+            assert_eq!(frames[1].content_bounds(), Rect::new(0, 0, 25, 20));
+            assert_eq!(frames[1].pixel(24, 19), vec![0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0]);
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Resample on with only a new resolution keeps the print size, as Photoshop's Image Size
     /// does (an action's `imageSize` with `Rslt` alone); without `keepPrintSize` only the
     /// resolution changes.
@@ -1400,6 +1462,51 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(doc(&s).layers[0].surface().unwrap().rgba(1, 8), [0.0; 4]);
     }
 
+    /// Delete Cropped Pixels deletes pixel-layer data only: type and smart objects keep what lies
+    /// outside the frame, so moving them later doesn't show them cut at the old edge.
+    #[test]
+    fn delete_cropped_pixels_keeps_type_and_smart_objects_whole() {
+        let mut s = session();
+        s.execute("layer.smartObjects.convertToSmartObject", json!({})).unwrap();
+        s.execute("type.create", json!({"x": 10, "y": 15, "text": "Hi", "size": 12})).unwrap();
+        let bounds = |s: &Session| -> Vec<Rect> { doc(s).layers[1..].iter().map(|l| l.surface().unwrap().content_bounds()).collect() };
+        let before = bounds(&s);
+        assert!(before.iter().all(|b| b.x0 < 15 && b.x1 > 15), "both cross the crop edge: {before:?}");
+        s.execute("image.crop", json!({"x": 15, "y": 0, "width": 25, "height": 20})).unwrap();
+        assert!(matches!(doc(&s).layers[1].content, LayerContent::Smart(_)) && matches!(doc(&s).layers[2].content, LayerContent::Text(_)));
+        assert_eq!(bounds(&s), before.iter().map(|b| b.translate(-15, 0)).collect::<Vec<_>>());
+    }
+
+    /// A turned crop deleting pixels keeps type and smart objects whole too, also a smart object
+    /// whose source is unavailable (the rotation can't re-render it, so it keeps its cache): each
+    /// ends up exactly as the same turned crop with Delete Cropped Pixels off leaves it.
+    #[test]
+    fn turned_crop_deleting_pixels_keeps_type_and_smart_objects_whole() {
+        let [deleted, kept] = [true, false].map(|delete| {
+            let mut s = session();
+            s.execute("layer.smartObjects.convertToSmartObject", json!({})).unwrap();
+            s.edit("unlink", |doc, active| {
+                if let LayerContent::Smart(sm) = &mut doc.layer_mut(active.unwrap()).unwrap().content {
+                    sm.source = photocraft_doc::SmartSource::Linked { path: "missing-photocraft-test-source.psd".into() };
+                }
+                Ok(())
+            })
+            .unwrap();
+            s.execute("type.create", json!({"x": 10, "y": 15, "text": "Hi", "size": 12})).unwrap();
+            s.execute("image.crop", json!({"x": 20, "y": 0, "width": 20, "height": 20, "angle": 2.0, "deleteCroppedPixels": delete})).unwrap();
+            s
+        });
+        let (a, b) = (doc(&deleted), doc(&kept));
+        assert!(matches!(a.layers[1].content, LayerContent::Smart(_)) && matches!(a.layers[2].content, LayerContent::Text(_)));
+        for i in [1, 2] {
+            let (sa, sb) = (a.layers[i].surface().unwrap(), b.layers[i].surface().unwrap());
+            let r = sb.content_bounds();
+            assert!(r.x0 < 0, "layer {i} reaches past the crop's left edge: {r:?}");
+            assert_eq!(sa.content_bounds(), r, "layer {i}");
+            assert_eq!(sa.read_region(r), sb.read_region(r), "layer {i}");
+        }
+    }
+
     /// The Background keeps the pixels a crop with Delete Cropped Pixels off hid: extending the
     /// canvas over them again (Reveal All, Canvas Size) shows them rather than painting them over
     /// with the background colour (#7086).
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/smart_cmds.rs b/crates/engine/src/smart_cmds.rs
index c93c55ffac..9949bddea0 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/smart_cmds.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/smart_cmds.rs
@@ -186,6 +186,33 @@ pub fn source_decode_count(bytes: &[u8], fmt: PixelFormat) -> u32 {
     SOURCE_CACHE.lock().ok().and_then(|c| c.iter().find(|e| e.key == key).map(|e| e.decodes)).unwrap_or(0)
 }
 
+pub(crate) fn take_caches(layers: &mut [Layer]) -> Vec<(LayerId, Surface)> {
+    let mut out = Vec::new();
+    for l in layers {
+        match &mut l.content {
+            LayerContent::Smart(sm) => out.extend(sm.cache.take().map(|c| (l.id, c))),
+            LayerContent::Group(g) => out.extend(take_caches(&mut g.children)),
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+    out
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn restore_unrendered<E>(
+    doc: &mut Document,
+    taken: Vec<(LayerId, Surface)>,
+    mut fallback: impl FnMut(&Surface) -> std::result::Result<Surface, E>,
+) -> std::result::Result<(), E> {
+    for (id, cache) in taken {
+        if let Some(LayerContent::Smart(sm)) = doc.layer_mut(id).map(|l| &mut l.content)
+            && sm.cache.is_none()
+        {
+            sm.cache = Some(fallback(&cache)?);
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 fn buffer_to_surface(buf: &photocraft_compose::Buffer, fmt: PixelFormat) -> Surface {
     let n = fmt.channels();
     let mut data = vec![0.0f32; buf.px.len() * n];
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/transform_cmds.rs b/crates/engine/src/transform_cmds.rs
index a1b1aac379..1df4b1acee 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/transform_cmds.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/transform_cmds.rs
@@ -838,13 +838,17 @@ fn transform_doc(
     // Photoshop turns the Background into a normal layer before transforming it.
     crate::extra_cmds::background_to_layer(doc, id);
     let l = doc.layer_mut(id).ok_or(EngineError::NoLayer(id))?;
-    transform_layer_with(if is_group { None } else { sel.as_ref() }, group, l, h, affine, interp, ctl)?;
+    let layer_sel = if is_group { None } else { sel.as_ref() };
+    check_layer_budget(layer_sel, l, h)?;
+    let taken = if h.is_identity() { Vec::new() } else { crate::smart_cmds::take_caches(std::slice::from_mut(l)) };
+    apply_transform(layer_sel, group, l, h, affine, interp, ctl)?;
     if !h.is_identity() {
         // Type layers re-render from their new transform.
         let snapshot = doc.clone();
         if let Some(l) = doc.layer_mut(id) {
             refresh_text(&snapshot, l);
         }
+        crate::smart_cmds::restore_unrendered(doc, taken, |c| warp_surface(c, c.content_bounds(), h, interp))?;
         // The selection outline moves with the pixels.
         if let Some(sel) = &doc.selection {
             doc.selection = Some(warp_gray(sel, h, Interp::Bilinear)?).filter(|s| !s.content_bounds().is_empty());
diff --git a/crates/engine/tests/it/atn_selective_color.rs b/crates/engine/tests/it/atn_selective_color.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..454846f59e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/engine/tests/it/atn_selective_color.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+//! #7672: strict ATN export must preserve both accepted Selective Color parameter forms.
+use photocraft_engine::actions_cmds::Action;
+use photocraft_engine::{Session, atn_cmds};
+use serde_json::{Value, json};
+
+const RANGES: [&str; 9] = ["reds", "yellows", "greens", "cyans", "blues", "magentas", "whites", "neutrals", "blacks"];
+const COMMANDS: [&str; 2] = ["image.adjustments.selectiveColor", "layer.newAdjustmentLayer.selectiveColor"];
+
+fn fixture(depth: u32) -> Session {
+    let mut s = Session::new();
+    s.execute("file.new", json!({"width": 10, "height": 2, "depth": depth})).unwrap();
+    let palette = [
+        [0.85, 0.10, 0.05, 1.0],
+        [0.85, 0.80, 0.05, 1.0],
+        [0.05, 0.85, 0.10, 1.0],
+        [0.05, 0.80, 0.85, 1.0],
+        [0.10, 0.05, 0.85, 1.0],
+        [0.85, 0.05, 0.80, 1.0],
+        [0.90, 0.93, 0.95, 1.0],
+        [0.45, 0.50, 0.55, 1.0],
+        [0.05, 0.08, 0.10, 1.0],
+        [0.65, 0.20, 0.70, 0.4],
+    ];
+    s.edit("synthetic colours", |doc, active| {
+        let surface = doc.layer_mut(active.unwrap()).unwrap().surface_mut().unwrap();
+        let format = surface.format();
+        let bytes: Vec<_> = palette.iter().cycle().take(20).flat_map(|rgba| photocraft_raster::from_rgba(&format, *rgba)).collect();
+        surface.write_region(doc_bounds(), &bytes);
+        Ok(())
+    })
+    .unwrap();
+    s
+}
+
+fn doc_bounds() -> photocraft_doc::Rect {
+    photocraft_doc::Rect::from_xywh(0, 0, 10, 2)
+}
+
+fn pixels(s: &Session) -> Vec<[f32; 4]> {
+    photocraft_compose::flatten(&s.active().unwrap().doc).px
+}
+
+fn check_cases(id: &str, cases: &[Value], require_effect: bool) {
+    let mut failures = Vec::new();
+    for depth in [8, 16, 32] {
+        for params in cases {
+            let action = Action::new("Selective Color", vec![(id.into(), params.clone())]);
+            let mut direct = fixture(depth);
+            let before = pixels(&direct);
+            direct.execute(id, params.clone()).unwrap();
+            let expected = pixels(&direct);
+            if require_effect {
+                assert_ne!(expected, before, "ineffective fixture: {id}, depth {depth}, {params}");
+            }
+
+            let mut native = fixture(depth);
+            native.actions.list.push(action.clone());
+            native.execute("actions.play", json!({"action": action.name})).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(pixels(&native), expected, "native replay: {id}, depth {depth}, {params}");
+
+            let (bytes, skipped) = atn_cmds::export("Regression", &[&action], &[], false).unwrap();
+            assert!(skipped.is_empty());
+            let imported = atn_cmds::import(&bytes).unwrap();
+            assert!(imported.unsupported.is_empty());
+            assert!(imported.warnings.is_empty());
+            assert_eq!(imported.actions.len(), 1);
+            assert_eq!(imported.actions[0].steps.len(), 1);
+            assert_eq!(imported.actions[0].steps[0].0, id);
+
+            let mut replay = fixture(depth);
+            replay.actions.list = imported.actions;
+            replay.execute("actions.play", json!({"action": action.name})).unwrap();
+            if pixels(&replay) != expected {
+                failures.push(format!("{id}, depth {depth}, {params}"));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    assert!(failures.is_empty(), "ATN playback changed the result:\n{}", failures.join("\n"));
+}
+
+fn scalar_cases() -> Vec<Value> {
+    RANGES
+        .iter()
+        .flat_map(|range| {
+            ["relative", "absolute"].map(|method| json!({"method": method, "colors": range, "cyan": 35, "magenta": -12.5, "yellow": 17.75, "black": 9}))
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn scalar_selective_color_actions_preserve_pixels_at_every_depth() {
+    let mut cases = scalar_cases();
+    cases.push(json!({"method": "absolute", "colors": "reds", "cyan": 35}));
+    check_cases(COMMANDS[0], &cases, true);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn scalar_selective_color_adjustment_layers_preserve_pixels_at_every_depth() {
+    check_cases(COMMANDS[1], &scalar_cases(), true);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn mixed_forms_method_precedence_nulls_and_clamping_keep_their_effect() {
+    let cases = [
+        json!({"method": "absolute", "reds": [10, 20, 30, 40], "blues": [-10, 5, 0, 4], "colors": "reds", "cyan": 0, "yellow": -17.5}),
+        json!({"method": "relative", "relative": false, "colors": "reds", "cyan": 35}),
+        json!({"method": "absolute", "relative": true, "colors": "neutrals", "black": 15}),
+        json!({"colors": "blues", "magenta": -25}),
+        json!({"method": null, "relative": null, "reds": null, "colors": "reds", "cyan": 35, "black": null}),
+        json!({"method": "absolute", "colors": "reds", "cyan": 175, "magenta": -150}),
+        json!({"method": "absolute", "reds": [175, -150, 0, 0]}),
+        json!({"method": "absolute", "reds": [10, 20, 30, 40], "colors": "reds", "cyan": null}),
+        json!({}),
+        json!({"colors": "reds"}),
+    ];
+    for id in COMMANDS {
+        check_cases(id, &cases, false);
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn per_range_array_controls_still_preserve_pixels() {
+    let cases: Vec<_> = RANGES.iter().map(|range| json!({"method": "absolute", *range: [35, -12.5, 17.75, 9]})).collect();
+    for id in COMMANDS {
+        check_cases(id, &cases, true);
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn malformed_selective_color_params_cannot_be_silently_exported() {
+    for params in [
+        json!({"colors": "purples", "cyan": 35}),
+        json!({"colors": 3}),
+        json!({"colors": "reds", "cyan": "35"}),
+        json!({"method": "sideways"}),
+        json!({"relative": "yes"}),
+        json!({"reds": [10, 20]}),
+        json!({"reds": [10, "20", 0, 0]}),
+    ] {
+        for id in COMMANDS {
+            let action = Action::new("Invalid", vec![(id.into(), params.clone())]);
+            assert!(atn_cmds::export("Regression", &[&action], &[], false).is_err(), "strict export accepted {id} {params}");
+            let (_, skipped) = atn_cmds::export("Regression", &[&action], &[], true).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(skipped.len(), 1, "skipUnsupported must report {id} {params}");
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/engine/tests/it/main.rs b/crates/engine/tests/it/main.rs
index 1d35b8c2b7..25455e539c 100644
--- a/crates/engine/tests/it/main.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/tests/it/main.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ mod affinity;
 mod artboard_export_names;
 mod atn_crystallize_cell_size;
 mod atn_ripple_amount;
+mod atn_selective_color;
 mod atn_stroke_width;
 mod background_and_mask_depth;
 mod background_layer_consistency;
diff --git a/crates/engine/tests/smart_rerender_fallback.rs b/crates/engine/tests/smart_rerender_fallback.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1359ec0aeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/engine/tests/smart_rerender_fallback.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use photocraft_doc::{LayerContent, SmartObject, SmartSource};
+use photocraft_engine::{EngineError, Session};
+use serde_json::{Value, json};
+
+fn deny_blur(id: &str, _: &Value) -> photocraft_engine::Result<()> {
+    if id == "filter.blur.gaussianBlur" { Err(EngineError::Other("denied".into())) } else { Ok(()) }
+}
+
+fn edits() -> [(&'static str, Value); 2] {
+    [("edit.transform", json!({"scaleX": 50, "scaleY": 100})), ("image.imageSize", json!({"width": 100, "height": 50}))]
+}
+
+fn blurred_smart_object() -> Session {
+    let mut s = Session::new();
+    s.execute("file.new", json!({"width": 200, "height": 100})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("layer.new.layer", json!({})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("select.rect", json!({"x": 20, "y": 20, "width": 100, "height": 50})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("edit.fill", json!({"contents": "color", "color": "#ff0000"})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("select.deselect", json!({})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("layer.smartObjects.convertToSmartObject", json!({})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("filter.blur.gaussianBlur", json!({"radius": 2})).unwrap();
+    s
+}
+
+fn cache_width(s: &Session) -> i32 {
+    let st = s.active().unwrap();
+    let LayerContent::Smart(sm) = &st.doc.layer(st.active_layer.unwrap()).unwrap().content else { panic!("not a smart object") };
+    sm.cache.as_ref().unwrap().content_bounds().width() as i32
+}
+
+fn edit_smart_object(s: &mut Session, edit: impl FnOnce(&mut SmartObject)) {
+    let st = s.active_mut().unwrap();
+    let id = st.active_layer.unwrap();
+    let LayerContent::Smart(sm) = &mut Arc::make_mut(&mut st.doc).layer_mut(id).unwrap().content else { panic!("not a smart object") };
+    edit(sm);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn a_smart_object_whose_filters_are_denied_keeps_the_resampled_fallback() {
+    for (cmd, params) in edits() {
+        let mut s = blurred_smart_object();
+        let before = cache_width(&s);
+        s.authorize = Some(deny_blur);
+        s.execute(cmd, params).unwrap();
+        let after = cache_width(&s);
+        assert!(after < before * 3 / 4, "{cmd}: the fallback stayed at {after} px wide (was {before})");
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn a_smart_object_that_fails_to_re_render_keeps_the_resampled_fallback() {
+    let unrenderable =
+        [SmartSource::Linked { path: "missing.psd".into() }, SmartSource::Embedded { file_name: "broken.png".into(), bytes: Arc::new(vec![0; 16]) }];
+    for (cmd, params) in edits() {
+        for source in &unrenderable {
+            let mut s = blurred_smart_object();
+            let before = cache_width(&s);
+            edit_smart_object(&mut s, |sm| sm.source = source.clone());
+            s.execute(cmd, params.clone()).unwrap();
+            let after = cache_width(&s);
+            assert!(after < before * 3 / 4, "{cmd} with {source:?}: the fallback stayed at {after} px wide (was {before})");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn an_allowed_smart_object_still_re_renders_at_the_new_size() {
+    for (cmd, params) in edits() {
+        let mut s = blurred_smart_object();
+        let before = cache_width(&s);
+        s.execute(cmd, params).unwrap();
+        let after = cache_width(&s);
+        assert!(after < before * 3 / 4, "{cmd}: {after} px wide (was {before})");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/format/src/atomic.rs b/crates/format/src/atomic.rs
index 635bf924a2..8cd349efff 100644
--- a/crates/format/src/atomic.rs
+++ b/crates/format/src/atomic.rs
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ impl AtomicFs for RealFs {
     fn sync_dir(&self, dir: &Path) -> io::Result<()> {
         #[cfg(unix)]
         {
-            sync_file(&std::fs::File::open(dir)?)
+            open_dir_for_sync(dir)?.map_or(Ok(()), |d| sync_file(&d))
         }
         #[cfg(windows)]
         {
@@ -254,14 +254,79 @@ pub fn atomic_write_with_progress(fs: &dyn AtomicFs, retry: RenameRetry, path: &
         let _ = fs.remove(&tmp);
         return Err(rename_error(e, path));
     }
+    // The new bytes are in place, but until the directory is flushed the rename may not survive
+    // a power loss (#4968). Windows fails the save on any failed flush (#7858). Elsewhere a file
+    // system that can't flush directories at all counts as done; any other failure is reported,
+    // so the caller keeps the document unsaved and its recovery data instead of discarding them
+    // on a save that may not last.
     #[cfg(windows)]
     fs.sync_dir(&dir).map_err(|e| publication_error(e, path))?;
-    // Keep the existing Unix policy here; #5420 separately changes its error handling.
     #[cfg(not(windows))]
-    let _ = fs.sync_dir(&dir);
+    dir_synced(fs.sync_dir(&dir)).map_err(|e| unconfirmed_error(e, path))?;
     Ok(())
 }
 
+/// `dir` opened to flush it, or `None` when it can't be opened for that because it has no read
+/// permission (a write-and-search-only folder): no flush can be attempted there, so none failed.
+/// Any other error is returned.
+#[cfg(unix)]
+fn open_dir_for_sync(dir: &Path) -> io::Result<Option<std::fs::File>> {
+    match std::fs::File::open(dir) {
+        Ok(d) => Ok(Some(d)),
+        Err(e) if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::PermissionDenied => Ok(None),
+        Err(e) => Err(e),
+    }
+}
+
+/// `result` of flushing a directory, with "this file system can't flush directories" counted as
+/// success: `EINVAL` (Linux file systems without directory fsync), `ENOTSUP`/`EOPNOTSUPP` and,
+/// on Apple platforms, `ENOTTY`, or [`io::ErrorKind::Unsupported`]. Waiting or retrying won't
+/// change those, and failing every save there would make saving impossible. Any other error is
+/// returned: the flush was attempted and failed.
+#[cfg(not(windows))]
+pub(crate) fn dir_synced(result: io::Result<()>) -> io::Result<()> {
+    match result {
+        Err(e) if dir_sync_unsupported(&e) => Ok(()),
+        other => other,
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(windows))]
+fn dir_sync_unsupported(e: &io::Error) -> bool {
+    if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::Unsupported {
+        return true;
+    }
+    // errno values: EINVAL is 22 everywhere; ENOTSUP and EOPNOTSUPP are 95 on Linux and
+    // Android, 45 and 102 on Apple platforms, 45 on the BSDs; ENOTTY is 25. Elsewhere 45 means
+    // something else (illumos: EDEADLK), so only EINVAL and `Unsupported` count there.
+    const EINVAL: i32 = 22;
+    let unsupported: &[i32] = if cfg!(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android")) {
+        &[EINVAL, 95]
+    } else if cfg!(target_vendor = "apple") {
+        &[EINVAL, 45, 102, 25]
+    } else if cfg!(any(target_os = "freebsd", target_os = "openbsd", target_os = "netbsd", target_os = "dragonfly")) {
+        &[EINVAL, 45]
+    } else if cfg!(unix) {
+        &[EINVAL]
+    } else {
+        &[]
+    };
+    e.raw_os_error().is_some_and(|code| unsupported.contains(&code))
+}
+
+/// The error for a file that was published but whose directory flush failed: same kind, saying
+/// the file is in place but may not survive a power loss. (Windows reports `publication_error`.)
+#[cfg(not(windows))]
+fn unconfirmed_error(e: io::Error, path: &Path) -> io::Error {
+    context(
+        e,
+        format!(
+            "{} was written, but the folder could not be flushed to disk, so the save may not survive a power loss or crash; save again or to another folder",
+            path.display()
+        ),
+    )
+}
+
 /// Run `rename`, retrying with backoff while it fails with `PermissionDenied` (see
 /// [`RenameRetry`]). For callers that rename through their own handles (capability directories).
 pub fn retry_rename(retry: RenameRetry, mut rename: impl FnMut() -> io::Result<()>) -> io::Result<()> {
diff --git a/crates/format/src/atomic/tests.rs b/crates/format/src/atomic/tests.rs
index d48cf7d9a6..bc26ae6d0a 100644
--- a/crates/format/src/atomic/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/format/src/atomic/tests.rs
@@ -41,8 +41,9 @@ struct Faulty {
     /// Fail the first N renames with PermissionDenied (a transient lock), then succeed.
     locked_renames: Cell<u32>,
     renames: Cell<u32>,
-    /// Failure of the durability barrier after publication (#7858).
-    fail_sync_dir: bool,
+    /// Fail the directory flush (the durability barrier after publication, #4968, #7858)
+    /// with this raw OS error, or with this kind.
+    fail_sync_dir: Option<Result<i32, io::ErrorKind>>,
     synced: Cell<u32>,
 }
 
@@ -72,10 +73,11 @@ impl AtomicFs for Faulty {
     /// Count publication barriers and optionally fail before the real directory flush.
     fn sync_dir(&self, dir: &Path) -> io::Result<()> {
         self.synced.set(self.synced.get() + 1);
-        if self.fail_sync_dir {
-            return Err(io::Error::other("injected publication flush failure"));
+        match self.fail_sync_dir {
+            Some(Ok(code)) => Err(io::Error::from_raw_os_error(code)),
+            Some(Err(kind)) => Err(io::Error::new(kind, "injected directory flush failure")),
+            None => RealFs.sync_dir(dir),
         }
-        RealFs.sync_dir(dir)
     }
     fn copy_metadata(&self, from: &Path, to: &Path) -> io::Result<()> {
         RealFs.copy_metadata(from, to)
@@ -92,7 +94,7 @@ fn a_failed_publication_flush_is_reported_and_can_be_retried() {
     let d = TempDir::new("publication-flush");
     let p = d.0.join("document.pcraft");
     std::fs::write(&p, ORIGINAL).unwrap();
-    let fs = Faulty { fail_sync_dir: true, ..Default::default() };
+    let fs = Faulty { fail_sync_dir: Some(Err(io::ErrorKind::Other)), ..Default::default() };
 
     let error = atomic_write_with(&fs, NO_RETRY, &p, b"new document").unwrap_err();
     assert_eq!(fs.synced.get(), 1, "{error}");
@@ -444,3 +446,38 @@ fn sync_file_flushes_a_local_file() {
     let file = std::fs::OpenOptions::new().write(true).create_new(true).open(&path).unwrap();
     sync_file(&file).unwrap();
 }
+
+/// #4968: the rename succeeded but the directory flush failed. The new bytes are in place, and
+/// the save is reported as unconfirmed (same kind, saying so) instead of as a success, so the
+/// caller keeps the document unsaved and its recovery data.
+#[test]
+fn a_failed_directory_flush_is_reported_not_swallowed() {
+    let d = TempDir::new("syncdir");
+    let p = d.0.join("doc.pcraft");
+    std::fs::write(&p, ORIGINAL).unwrap();
+    let fs = Faulty { fail_sync_dir: Some(Err(io::ErrorKind::Other)), ..Default::default() };
+    let e = atomic_write_with(&fs, NO_RETRY, &p, b"new").unwrap_err();
+    assert_eq!(e.kind(), io::ErrorKind::Other);
+    let msg = e.to_string();
+    assert!(msg.contains("doc.pcraft") && msg.contains("may not survive"), "{msg}");
+    assert_eq!(std::fs::read(&p).unwrap(), b"new", "published: the new bytes are in place");
+    assert_no_temp(&d.0);
+}
+
+/// A file system that can't flush directories at all (Linux's EINVAL, ENOTSUP, or an
+/// `Unsupported` error) still saves: failing every save there would make saving impossible.
+/// Windows fails the save on any failed flush (#7858), so this is the Unix rule.
+#[cfg(not(windows))]
+#[test]
+fn a_directory_flush_the_file_system_cannot_do_still_saves() {
+    let d = TempDir::new("syncdir-unsupported");
+    let p = d.0.join("doc.pcraft");
+    let fs = Faulty { fail_sync_dir: Some(Err(io::ErrorKind::Unsupported)), ..Default::default() };
+    atomic_write_with(&fs, NO_RETRY, &p, b"new").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(std::fs::read(&p).unwrap(), b"new");
+    // EINVAL (22) means "can't flush a directory" only on Unix; EIO (5) is a real failure.
+    assert_eq!(dir_synced(Err(io::Error::from_raw_os_error(22))).is_ok(), cfg!(unix));
+    assert!(dir_synced(Err(io::Error::from_raw_os_error(5))).is_err());
+    let fs = Faulty { fail_sync_dir: Some(Ok(5)), ..Default::default() };
+    assert!(atomic_write_with(&fs, NO_RETRY, &p, b"newer").is_err());
+}
diff --git a/crates/format/src/store.rs b/crates/format/src/store.rs
index 18e6a9b432..84124407e4 100644
--- a/crates/format/src/store.rs
+++ b/crates/format/src/store.rs
@@ -587,6 +587,50 @@ fn validate_bundle_file(root: &Path, path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
     plain_file_or_missing(path)
 }
 
+/// Flush `dir`, the folder `written` was just renamed into, as `atomic_write` does (with the
+/// full-flush fallback of `sync_file`, #1336). Windows flushes through the injected `AtomicFs`
+/// and fails on any error (#7858).
+#[cfg(not(windows))]
+fn flush_bundle_dir(dir: &Path, written: &Path) -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    use crate::atomic::AtomicFs;
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    {
+        FLUSHED.with(|f| f.borrow_mut().push(dir.to_path_buf()));
+        let named = |p: Option<&Path>, name: &str| p.and_then(Path::file_name).is_some_and(|n| n == name);
+        if FAIL_DIR_FLUSH.with(|f| {
+            let hit = f.get().is_some_and(|name| named(Some(written), name) || named(written.parent(), name));
+            if hit {
+                f.set(None);
+            }
+            hit
+        }) {
+            return Err(std::io::Error::other("injected folder flush failure"));
+        }
+    }
+    let _ = written;
+    crate::atomic::RealFs.sync_dir(dir)
+}
+
+/// [`flush_bundle_dir`], as the save's error when the flush was attempted and failed: `written`
+/// is in place, but may not survive a power loss or crash (#4968).
+#[cfg(not(windows))]
+fn confirm_flushed(dir: &Path, written: &Path) -> Result<()> {
+    crate::atomic::dir_synced(flush_bundle_dir(dir, written)).map_err(|e| {
+        FormatError::Io(std::io::Error::new(
+            e.kind(),
+            format!("{} was written, but its folder could not be flushed to disk, so the save may not survive a power loss or crash: {e}", written.display()),
+        ))
+    })
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(test, not(windows)))]
+thread_local! {
+    /// Tests: the bundle file, or folder, whose next folder flush fails, once, on this thread.
+    static FAIL_DIR_FLUSH: std::cell::Cell<Option<&'static str>> = const { std::cell::Cell::new(None) };
+    /// Tests: the folders flushed on this thread, in order.
+    static FLUSHED: std::cell::RefCell<Vec<PathBuf>> = const { std::cell::RefCell::new(Vec::new()) };
+}
+
 /// Publish a validated bundle entry through a flushed temporary file and replacing rename.
 /// On Windows, propagate a failed directory barrier even though the new entry is already visible.
 fn write_bundle_file(root: &Path, path: &Path, data: &[u8], fs: &dyn crate::atomic::AtomicFs) -> Result<()> {
@@ -639,10 +683,10 @@ fn write_bundle_file(root: &Path, path: &Path, data: &[u8], fs: &dyn crate::atom
         {
             fs.sync_dir(parent).map_err(|e| crate::atomic::publication_error(e, path))?;
         }
-        #[cfg(unix)]
-        {
-            let _ = std::fs::File::open(parent).and_then(|d| d.sync_all());
-        }
+        // Elsewhere a failed flush is reported too (#4968), but a file system that can't flush a
+        // directory at all still saves, as in `atomic_write`.
+        #[cfg(not(windows))]
+        confirm_flushed(parent, path)?;
         Ok(())
     })();
     if result.is_err() && validate_bundle_file(root, &tmp).is_ok() {
@@ -994,6 +1038,13 @@ impl PcraftWriter {
                 fs.sync_dir(&dir.join(sub)).map_err(|e| crate::atomic::publication_error(e, &dir.join(sub)))?;
             }
         }
+        #[cfg(not(windows))]
+        for sub in ["tiles", "blobs"] {
+            let folder = dir.join(sub);
+            if folder.is_dir() {
+                confirm_flushed(&folder, &folder)?;
+            }
+        }
         write_bundle_file(dir, &dir.join(MANIFEST), &p.manifest, fs)?;
         // Omitted previews belong to the previous manifest until the new one commits.
         // After commit, a locked leftover is only housekeeping, just like unused objects.
@@ -1156,6 +1207,72 @@ fn gc_pinned_directory_handles_resist_subdirectory_swap() {
     std::fs::remove_dir_all(root).unwrap();
 }
 
+/// #4968: a manifest whose folder can't be flushed fails the save, and the objects the previous
+/// manifest references stay in place; the next save that flushes removes what is unreferenced.
+#[cfg(all(test, not(windows)))]
+#[test]
+fn a_failed_manifest_flush_keeps_the_previous_objects() {
+    use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering};
+
+    static NEXT: AtomicU64 = AtomicU64::new(0);
+    let dir = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("pcraft-flush-{}-{}", std::process::id(), NEXT.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed)));
+    std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir).unwrap();
+    let dir = std::fs::canonicalize(dir).unwrap();
+    let mut doc = Document::new("flush", photocraft_doc::Size::new(64, 64), photocraft_color::ColorMode::Rgb, SampleType::U8);
+    let id = doc.insert_above(None, photocraft_doc::Layer::raster("paint", doc.pixel_format()));
+    let paint = |doc: &mut Document, red: f32| {
+        doc.layer_mut(id).unwrap().surface_mut().unwrap().fill_rect(photocraft_geom::Rect::new(0, 0, 64, 64), &[red, 0.5, 0.25, 1.0]);
+    };
+    paint(&mut doc, 1.0);
+    let mut w = PcraftWriter::new();
+    w.save_dir(&doc, &dir, &SaveOptions::default()).unwrap();
+    let old = list_objects(&dir).unwrap();
+    paint(&mut doc, 0.0);
+    FAIL_DIR_FLUSH.with(|f| f.set(Some(MANIFEST)));
+    let e = w.save_dir(&doc, &dir, &SaveOptions::default()).unwrap_err();
+    assert!(e.to_string().contains("could not be flushed"), "{e}");
+    let now = list_objects(&dir).unwrap();
+    assert!(old.is_subset(&now), "the previous manifest's objects are kept");
+    assert!(now.len() > old.len(), "the new objects were written");
+    let stats = w.save_dir(&doc, &dir, &SaveOptions::default()).unwrap();
+    assert!(stats.objects_removed > 0, "the next save removes the unreferenced objects");
+    assert_eq!(crate::load_path(&dir).unwrap(), doc);
+    std::fs::remove_dir_all(dir).unwrap();
+}
+
+/// An object whose folder flush failed is reused by the retried save, which writes no new object
+/// there: that save still flushes the object folder before committing a manifest that names it.
+#[cfg(all(test, not(windows)))]
+#[test]
+fn a_retried_save_flushes_the_folder_of_a_reused_object() {
+    use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering};
+
+    static NEXT: AtomicU64 = AtomicU64::new(0);
+    let dir = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("pcraft-retry-{}-{}", std::process::id(), NEXT.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed)));
+    std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir).unwrap();
+    let dir = std::fs::canonicalize(dir).unwrap();
+    // One layer of one tile: the retry finds its only object already written.
+    let mut doc = Document::new("retry", photocraft_doc::Size::new(16, 16), photocraft_color::ColorMode::Rgb, SampleType::U8);
+    let id = doc.insert_above(None, photocraft_doc::Layer::raster("paint", doc.pixel_format()));
+    doc.layer_mut(id).unwrap().surface_mut().unwrap().fill_rect(photocraft_geom::Rect::new(0, 0, 16, 16), &[1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 1.0]);
+    let mut w = PcraftWriter::new();
+    FAIL_DIR_FLUSH.with(|f| f.set(Some("tiles")));
+    let e = w.save_dir(&doc, &dir, &SaveOptions::default()).unwrap_err();
+    assert!(e.to_string().contains("could not be flushed"), "{e}");
+    assert!(!dir.join(MANIFEST).exists(), "nothing committed");
+    let written = list_objects(&dir).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(written.iter().filter(|o| o.starts_with("tiles/")).count(), 1, "{written:?}");
+    FLUSHED.with(|f| f.borrow_mut().clear());
+    let stats = w.save_dir(&doc, &dir, &SaveOptions::default()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(stats.tiles_written, 0, "the tile is reused");
+    let flushed = FLUSHED.with(|f| f.borrow().clone());
+    let tiles = flushed.iter().position(|d| *d == dir.join("tiles"));
+    let manifest = flushed.iter().rposition(|d| *d == dir);
+    assert!(tiles.is_some() && tiles < manifest, "tiles flushed before the manifest: {flushed:?}");
+    assert_eq!(crate::load_path(&dir).unwrap(), doc);
+    std::fs::remove_dir_all(dir).unwrap();
+}
+
 fn list_objects(dir: &Path) -> Result<HashSet<String>> {
     let mut out = HashSet::new();
     for sub in ["tiles", "blobs"] {
diff --git a/crates/io/src/adjust_map.rs b/crates/io/src/adjust_map.rs
index b604c12a8c..3a9d18f94e 100644
--- a/crates/io/src/adjust_map.rs
+++ b/crates/io/src/adjust_map.rs
@@ -139,6 +139,19 @@ pub fn label(key: &[u8; 4]) -> &'static str {
     }
 }
 
+/// Keys of a Brightness/Contrast `CgEd` descriptor: the ones [`write`] emits plus Photoshop's
+/// preset bookkeeping.
+const BRIT_CGED_KEYS: [&str; 9] = ["Vrsn", "Brgh", "Cntr", "means", "Lab ", "useLegacy", "Auto", "presetKind", "presetFileName"];
+
+/// Whether a `brit` layer's `CgEd` descriptor holds settings Brightness/Contrast has no place
+/// for. Photoshop 2026's Light adjustment (Exposure, Contrast, Highlights, Shadows, Whites,
+/// Blacks) is stored under the `brit` key; read as Brightness/Contrast it kept only Contrast and
+/// lost the rest without a word (#6542), so such a layer stays [`Adjustment::Unsupported`].
+pub fn is_extended_brit(cged: Option<&[u8]>) -> bool {
+    cged.and_then(|c| VersionedDescriptor::parse_prefix(c).ok())
+        .is_some_and(|(v, _)| v.descriptor.items.iter().any(|(k, _)| !BRIT_CGED_KEYS.iter().any(|n| k.is(n))))
+}
+
 /// Why [`parse`] keeps a block as [`Adjustment::Unsupported`], when there is more to say than
 /// "it could not be read" (so far: Color Lookup).
 pub fn unreadable_reason(key: &[u8; 4], data: &[u8]) -> Option<String> {
@@ -204,6 +217,8 @@ fn parse_any(key: &[u8; 4], data: &[u8], cged: Option<&[u8]>) -> Adjustment {
         b"nvrt" => Some(Adjustment::Invert),
         b"thrs" => be16(data, 0).map(|v| Adjustment::Threshold { level: f32::from(v) / 255.0 }),
         b"post" => be16(data, 0).map(|v| Adjustment::Posterize { levels: u32::from(v) }),
+        // Kept raw (with its `CgEd`, which the PSD writer keeps while the layer is unchanged).
+        b"brit" if is_extended_brit(cged) => None,
         b"brit" => {
             let modern = cged.and_then(|c| VersionedDescriptor::parse_prefix(c).ok()).and_then(|(v, _)| {
                 let d = v.descriptor;
diff --git a/crates/io/src/blocks.rs b/crates/io/src/blocks.rs
index 34f9654a0a..0cfe0b5e8e 100644
--- a/crates/io/src/blocks.rs
+++ b/crates/io/src/blocks.rs
@@ -182,6 +182,17 @@ pub fn color_from_desc(d: &Descriptor) -> Option<Color> {
             Color::rgb(g("Rd  ")? / 255.0, g("Grn ")? / 255.0, g("Bl  ")? / 255.0)
         }
     })
+    .map(|c| with_pc_alpha(c, d))
+}
+
+/// PSD colour descriptors have no alpha. PhotoCraft writes `pcAl` (0..1) so shape fill
+/// opacity round-trips (#6180). Photoshop ignores the key.
+fn with_pc_alpha(mut c: Color, d: &Descriptor) -> Color {
+    // A hostile file's NaN or infinity would survive the clamp: keep the colour opaque instead.
+    if let Some(a) = num(d.get("pcAl")).filter(|a| a.is_finite()) {
+        c.alpha = (a as f32).clamp(0.0, 1.0);
+    }
+    c
 }
 
 /// [`Color`] → descriptor in its own model.
@@ -204,6 +215,13 @@ pub fn color_to_desc(c: &Color) -> Descriptor {
     }
 }
 
+/// Solid shape fills have no other alpha slot. Write `pcAl` only here so gradient stops
+/// keep using `Trns` alone (#6180).
+fn color_to_desc_with_pc_alpha(c: &Color) -> Descriptor {
+    let desc = color_to_desc(c);
+    if c.alpha.is_finite() && (c.alpha - 1.0).abs() > 1e-6 { desc.with("pcAl", Value::Double(f64::from(c.alpha.clamp(0.0, 1.0)))) } else { desc }
+}
+
 pub(crate) fn get_desc<'a>(d: &'a Descriptor, key: &str) -> Option<&'a Descriptor> {
     match d.get(key)? {
         Value::Descriptor(x) | Value::GlobalObject(x) => Some(x),
@@ -499,7 +517,7 @@ pub fn write_fill(f: &Fill) -> ([u8; 4], Vec<u8>) {
 /// A fill as (block key, descriptor with class `null`).
 pub fn fill_to_desc(f: &Fill) -> ([u8; 4], Descriptor) {
     match f {
-        Fill::Solid(c) => (*b"SoCo", Descriptor::new("null").with("Clr ", Value::Descriptor(color_to_desc(c)))),
+        Fill::Solid(c) => (*b"SoCo", Descriptor::new("null").with("Clr ", Value::Descriptor(color_to_desc_with_pc_alpha(c)))),
         Fill::Gradient { stops, angle, scale, style, reverse, opacity_stops, midpoints, offset, dither, align } => {
             let prc = |v: f32| Value::UnitFloat { unit: *b"#Prc", value: f64::from(v * 100.0) };
             let mut d = Descriptor::new("null")
@@ -1025,6 +1043,55 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(super::color_from_desc(&Descriptor::new("HSBC").with("Strt", Value::Double(50.0))).is_none());
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn color_descriptor_keeps_photocraft_alpha() {
+        use photocraft_color::Color;
+        use photocraft_doc::Fill;
+        let c = Color::rgba(0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.25);
+        let (k, d) = super::fill_to_desc(&Fill::Solid(c));
+        let Fill::Solid(back) = super::fill_from_desc(&k, &d).unwrap() else { panic!("solid") };
+        assert!((back.alpha - 0.25).abs() < 1e-5);
+        assert!((back.to_rgb()[0] - 0.2).abs() < 1e-3);
+        let (k, d) = super::fill_to_desc(&Fill::Solid(Color::rgb(1.0, 0.0, 0.0)));
+        let Fill::Solid(opaque) = super::fill_from_desc(&k, &d).unwrap() else { panic!("solid") };
+        assert!((opaque.alpha - 1.0).abs() < 1e-6);
+        assert!(super::color_to_desc(&c).get("pcAl").is_none(), "generic colour descriptors have no pcAl");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn non_finite_photocraft_alpha_is_ignored() {
+        use photocraft_color::Color;
+        for bad in [f64::NAN, f64::INFINITY, f64::NEG_INFINITY] {
+            let d = super::color_to_desc(&Color::rgb(0.2, 0.4, 0.6)).with("pcAl", Value::Double(bad));
+            let c = super::color_from_desc(&d).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(c.alpha, 1.0, "pcAl {bad}");
+        }
+        let d = super::color_to_desc(&Color::rgb(0.2, 0.4, 0.6)).with("pcAl", Value::Double(0.5));
+        assert!((super::color_from_desc(&d).unwrap().alpha - 0.5).abs() < 1e-6);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn gradient_stop_alpha_round_trips_once() {
+        use photocraft_color::Color;
+        use photocraft_doc::Fill;
+        let fill = Fill::Gradient {
+            stops: vec![(0.0, Color::rgba(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5)), (1.0, Color::WHITE)],
+            angle: 90.0,
+            scale: 1.0,
+            style: photocraft_doc::GradientStyle::Linear,
+            reverse: false,
+            opacity_stops: vec![],
+            midpoints: vec![],
+            offset: (0.0, 0.0),
+            dither: false,
+            align: true,
+        };
+        let (k, d) = super::fill_to_desc(&fill);
+        let Fill::Gradient { stops, opacity_stops, .. } = super::fill_from_desc(&k, &d).unwrap() else { panic!("grad") };
+        assert!((stops[0].1.alpha - 1.0).abs() < 1e-4, "colour alpha lives in Trns, not the stop colour");
+        assert!(opacity_stops.iter().any(|(_, a)| (*a - 0.5).abs() < 1e-3), "{opacity_stops:?}");
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn blending_ranges_map_to_blend_if() {
         use photocraft_doc::{BlendIf, BlendRange};
diff --git a/crates/io/src/hue_sat_filter_map.rs b/crates/io/src/hue_sat_filter_map.rs
index d7ce04938d..05af178c27 100644
--- a/crates/io/src/hue_sat_filter_map.rs
+++ b/crates/io/src/hue_sat_filter_map.rs
@@ -173,7 +173,8 @@ pub(super) fn export_item(f: &SmartFilter) -> Result<Descriptor, String> {
         Descriptor::new("Hst2").with("H   ", master.0).with("Strt", master.1).with("Lght", setting(p, "lightness", 0.0, -100.0, 100.0)?),
     )];
     for (i, key) in RANGES.iter().enumerate() {
-        if let Some(o) = p.get(*key) {
+        // A `null` range is an untouched one, like a missing key.
+        if let Some(o) = p.get(*key).filter(|o| !o.is_null()) {
             adjs.extend(range_entry(i, o)?);
         }
     }
@@ -303,6 +304,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(export(json!({"hue": 12.4})), json!({"colorize": false, "hue": 12, "saturation": 0, "lightness": 0}));
         assert_eq!(export(json!({"hue": -400, "lightness": 101, "layer": 3})), json!({"colorize": false, "hue": -180, "saturation": 0, "lightness": 100}));
         assert_eq!(export(J::Null), json!({"colorize": false, "hue": 0, "saturation": 0, "lightness": 0}));
+        assert_eq!(export(json!({"reds": null})), json!({"colorize": false, "hue": 0, "saturation": 0, "lightness": 0}));
         // Colorize starts at 25 % saturation and wraps the hue into 0..360.
         assert_eq!(export(json!({"colorize": true, "hue": -30})), json!({"colorize": true, "hue": 330, "saturation": 25, "lightness": 0}));
         // The full set (`to_params`): neutral ranges at their default extent are left out, reds
diff --git a/crates/io/src/psd_export.rs b/crates/io/src/psd_export.rs
index c174708c2c..8f1eb8b533 100644
--- a/crates/io/src/psd_export.rs
+++ b/crates/io/src/psd_export.rs
@@ -2171,6 +2171,42 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(density, 0.5);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn light_adjustment_is_kept_verbatim_and_warned() {
+        // #6542: Photoshop 2026's Light layer is a `brit` block whose `CgEd` descriptor carries
+        // more than Brightness/Contrast. Synthetic block: the extra key names are placeholders.
+        use photocraft_psd::descriptor::{Descriptor, Value, VersionedDescriptor};
+        let brit = vec![0, 0, 0xff, 0xfe, 0, 127, 0, 0];
+        let d = Descriptor::new("null")
+            .with("Vrsn", Value::Integer(1))
+            .with("Brgh", Value::Integer(0))
+            .with("Cntr", Value::Integer(-2))
+            .with("Exps", Value::Double(-2.3))
+            .with("Hghl", Value::Integer(-64))
+            .with("useLegacy", Value::Boolean(false));
+        let cged = VersionedDescriptor::new(d).to_bytes();
+        let adjustment = crate::adjust_map::parse(b"brit", &brit, Some(&cged), crate::adjust_map::Channels::Rgb);
+        assert_eq!(adjustment, photocraft_doc::Adjustment::Unsupported { psd_key: "brit".into(), raw: brit.clone() });
+        let mut doc = Document::with_background("Light", photocraft_geom::Size::new(8, 8), ColorMode::Rgb, SampleType::U8, photocraft_doc::Color::WHITE);
+        let mut layer = Layer::new("Light 1", LayerContent::Adjustment(adjustment));
+        layer.psd_blocks = vec![(*b"brit", std::sync::Arc::new(brit.clone())), (*b"CgEd", std::sync::Arc::new(cged.clone()))];
+        doc.layers.push(layer);
+        let block = |file: &PsdFile, key: &[u8; 4]| {
+            let records = &file.layer_info.as_ref().unwrap().layers;
+            records.iter().flat_map(|r| r.blocks.iter()).find(|b| b.key == *key).map(|b| b.data.clone())
+        };
+        let file = PsdFile::from_bytes(&document_to_psd(&doc).to_bytes().unwrap()).unwrap();
+        let (restored, warnings) = crate::psd_import::psd_to_document(&file);
+        assert!(warnings.iter().any(|w| w.contains("\"Light 1\"") && w.contains("Light settings")), "{warnings:?}");
+        // Saved again unchanged, both blocks are written back byte for byte.
+        let again = PsdFile::from_bytes(&document_to_psd(&restored).to_bytes().unwrap()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(block(&again, b"brit").as_deref(), Some(&brit[..]));
+        assert_eq!(block(&again, b"CgEd").as_deref(), Some(&cged[..]));
+        // A plain Brightness/Contrast descriptor still reads as Brightness/Contrast.
+        let plain = crate::adjust_map::write(&photocraft_doc::Adjustment::BrightnessContrast { brightness: 5.0, contrast: -2.0, legacy: false });
+        assert!(!crate::adjust_map::is_extended_brit(Some(&plain[1].1)));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn size_limit_boundary_keeps_limit_and_switches_above_it() {
         assert!(!exceeds_psd_size_limit(Some(PSD_MAX_FILE_SIZE)));
diff --git a/crates/io/src/psd_import.rs b/crates/io/src/psd_import.rs
index eb2fa72ec7..68cb903e73 100644
--- a/crates/io/src/psd_import.rs
+++ b/crates/io/src/psd_import.rs
@@ -391,10 +391,16 @@ impl Ctx<'_> {
             // Kept verbatim for saving, but it renders as nothing: say so rather than open the
             // layer silently without its effect (#1763).
             if matches!(adj, photocraft_doc::Adjustment::Unsupported { .. }) {
-                let why = adjust_map::unreadable_reason(k, &data).map(|r| format!(" ({r})")).unwrap_or_default();
+                // Photoshop 2026's Light adjustment shares the Brightness/Contrast key (#6542).
+                let light = k == b"brit" && adjust_map::is_extended_brit(cged);
+                let why = if light {
+                    " (Light adjustments, with Exposure, Highlights, Shadows, Whites and Blacks, aren't supported yet)".to_string()
+                } else {
+                    adjust_map::unreadable_reason(k, &data).map(|r| format!(" ({r})")).unwrap_or_default()
+                };
                 self.warn(format!(
                     "layer \"{name}\": its {} settings could not be read{why}; the layer is kept as saved but has no effect",
-                    adjust_map::label(k)
+                    if light { "Light" } else { adjust_map::label(k) }
                 ));
             }
             LayerContent::Adjustment(adj)
diff --git a/crates/io/src/smart_map.rs b/crates/io/src/smart_map.rs
index b62e836c43..fcc9eec3f9 100644
--- a/crates/io/src/smart_map.rs
+++ b/crates/io/src/smart_map.rs
@@ -1820,6 +1820,13 @@ mod tests {
             sf("image.adjustments.levels", json!({"inBlack": 20, "inWhite": 220, "gamma": 1.4, "red": {"inBlack": 0, "inWhite": 255, "gamma": 0.8}})),
             sf("image.adjustments.curves", json!({"points": [[0.0, 0.0], [64.0, 40.0], [255.0, 255.0]], "blue": [[0.0, 20.0], [255.0, 235.0]]})),
             sf("image.adjustments.shadowsHighlights", json!({})),
+            sf("filter.sharpen.sharpen", json!({})),
+            // Photoshop stores Dust & Scratches' radius in whole pixels (a `long`).
+            sf("filter.noise.dustAndScratches", json!({"radius": 4, "threshold": 12})),
+            sf(
+                "image.adjustments.hueSaturation",
+                json!({"colorize": false, "hue": 10, "saturation": -20, "lightness": 5, "reds": {"hue": 5, "saturation": 0, "lightness": -3, "range": [315, 345, 15, 45]}}),
+            ),
             // A pencil-drawn curve: 256 output levels (`Mpng`).
             sf("image.adjustments.curves", json!({"pencil": true, "points": (0..256).rev().collect::<Vec<i32>>()})),
             sf("filter.distort.pinch", json!({"amount": -28})),
@@ -2877,6 +2884,68 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     /// A filter PhotoCraft doesn't model, or a known one with settings it doesn't, is kept verbatim; only its visibility and blend change.
+    #[test]
+    fn photoshop_sharpen_without_fltr_imports_as_sharpen() {
+        // #6267: Photoshop's Sharpen item holds only its name, blending and `filterID`.
+        let item = Descriptor::new("filterFX")
+            .with("Nm  ", Value::Text(UnicodeString::new_nul("Sharpen")))
+            .with("blendOptions", Value::Descriptor(Descriptor::new("blendOptions").with("Opct", unit(b"#Prc", 100.0)).with("Md  ", enumv("BlnM", "normal"))))
+            .with("enab", Value::Boolean(true))
+            .with("hasoptions", Value::Boolean(false))
+            .with("filterID", Value::Integer(1_399_353_968));
+        let f = filter_from_item(&item);
+        assert_eq!((f.command.as_str(), &f.params), ("filter.sharpen.sharpen", &json!({})));
+        // Hue/Saturation with an unnumbered range and Dust & Scratches with a missing setting fail
+        // cleanly instead of panicking.
+        let bad = SmartFilter {
+            command: "image.adjustments.hueSaturation".into(),
+            params: json!({"reds": {"range": [1, "x", 3, 4]}}),
+            blend: BlendMode::Normal,
+            opacity: 1.0,
+            visible: true,
+        };
+        assert!(item_for_filter(&bad).is_err());
+        let dust = Descriptor::new("filterFX")
+            .with("Fltr", Value::Descriptor(Descriptor::new("DstS").with("Rds ", Value::Integer(3))))
+            .with("filterID", Value::Integer(code(b"DstS")));
+        assert_eq!(filter_from_item(&dust).command, UNSUPPORTED_FILTER);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn hue_saturation_ranges_are_not_lost() {
+        let hue_sat = |params: J| item_for_filter(&sf("image.adjustments.hueSaturation", params));
+        // A range that is not an object is an error, not a silently dropped setting.
+        assert!(hue_sat(json!({"reds": 5})).is_err());
+        assert!(hue_sat(json!({"reds": null})).is_ok());
+        // Colorize's 25% default is the master saturation's only: a range's stays 0.
+        let d = hue_sat(json!({"colorize": true, "reds": {"hue": 5}})).unwrap();
+        let adjs = adjustment_list(get_desc(&d, "Fltr").unwrap()).unwrap();
+        let saturations: Vec<_> = adjs.iter().map(|a| int(a, "Strt")).collect();
+        assert_eq!(saturations, [Some(25), Some(0)]);
+        // A repeated range (or master) would overwrite the first: the filter is kept verbatim.
+        let entry = |range: Option<i32>| {
+            let e = Descriptor::new("Hst2").with("H   ", Value::Integer(0)).with("Strt", Value::Integer(0)).with("Lght", Value::Integer(0));
+            let Some(r) = range else { return Value::Descriptor(e) };
+            let e = ["BgnR", "BgnS", "EndS", "EndR"].iter().fold(e.with("LclR", Value::Integer(r)), |e, k| e.with(k, Value::Integer(10)));
+            Value::Descriptor(e)
+        };
+        for adjs in [vec![entry(None), entry(Some(1)), entry(Some(1))], vec![entry(None), entry(None)]] {
+            let fltr = Descriptor::new("HStr").with("Clrz", Value::Boolean(false)).with("Adjs", Value::List(adjs));
+            let item = Descriptor::new("filterFX")
+                .with("Nm  ", Value::Text(UnicodeString::new_nul("Hue/Saturation...")))
+                .with(
+                    "blendOptions",
+                    Value::Descriptor(Descriptor::new("blendOptions").with("Opct", unit(b"#Prc", 100.0)).with("Md  ", enumv("BlnM", "normal"))),
+                )
+                .with("enab", Value::Boolean(true))
+                .with("Fltr", Value::Descriptor(fltr))
+                .with("filterID", Value::Integer(code(b"HStr")));
+            let f = filter_from_item(&item);
+            assert_eq!(f.command, UNSUPPORTED_FILTER);
+            assert_eq!(item_for_filter(&f).unwrap(), item);
+        }
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn unknown_filters_keep_their_descriptor() {
         let item = Descriptor::new("filterFX")
diff --git a/crates/io/src/vector_map.rs b/crates/io/src/vector_map.rs
index bb830dbd68..621edf47b8 100644
--- a/crates/io/src/vector_map.rs
+++ b/crates/io/src/vector_map.rs
@@ -258,10 +258,20 @@ pub fn parse_vstk(data: &[u8], dpi: f32) -> Option<VstkInfo> {
         _ => Vec::new(),
     };
     let paint = get_desc(&d, "strokeStyleContent").and_then(content_fill).unwrap_or(Fill::Solid(photocraft_color::Color::BLACK));
+    let mut opacity = num(d.get("strokeStyleOpacity")).map_or(1.0, |v| v as f32 / 100.0);
+    // Write folds colour alpha into strokeStyleOpacity for Photoshop. Restore both Appearance
+    // fields when pcAl is present so PhotoCraft does not show a maxed colour alpha (#6180).
+    if let Fill::Solid(c) = &paint
+        && c.alpha.is_finite()
+        && c.alpha > 1e-6
+        && (c.alpha - 1.0).abs() > 1e-6
+    {
+        opacity = (opacity / c.alpha).clamp(0.0, 1.0);
+    }
     let stroke = ShapeStroke {
         width: unit_px(d.get("strokeStyleLineWidth"), dpi).unwrap_or(1.0) as f32,
         paint,
-        opacity: num(d.get("strokeStyleOpacity")).map_or(1.0, |v| v as f32 / 100.0),
+        opacity,
         align,
         cap,
         join,
@@ -276,10 +286,28 @@ fn en(ty: &str, v: &str) -> Value {
     Value::Enumerated { type_id: Id::new(ty), value: Id::new(v) }
 }
 
+/// Photoshop's stroke colour has no alpha. Fold the colour's alpha into `strokeStyleOpacity`
+/// so Appearance still matches after a PSD round-trip (#6180).
+fn fold_stroke_color_alpha(s: &ShapeStroke) -> ShapeStroke {
+    let mut out = s.clone();
+    if let Fill::Solid(c) = &mut out.paint
+        && c.alpha.is_finite()
+        && (c.alpha - 1.0).abs() > 1e-6
+    {
+        out.opacity = (out.opacity * c.alpha).clamp(0.0, 1.0);
+        c.alpha = 1.0;
+    }
+    out
+}
+
 pub fn vstk_bytes(stroke: Option<&ShapeStroke>, fill_enabled: bool, dpi: f32) -> Vec<u8> {
     let default = ShapeStroke::default();
-    let s = stroke.unwrap_or(&default);
-    let (_, content) = fill_to_desc(&s.paint);
+    let folded = stroke.map(fold_stroke_color_alpha);
+    let s = folded.as_ref().unwrap_or(&default);
+    // Keep pcAl on the original colour so Appearance can restore fill/stroke alphas separately
+    // from the folded Photoshop opacity (#6180).
+    let paint = stroke.map(|st| &st.paint).unwrap_or(&s.paint);
+    let (_, content) = fill_to_desc(paint);
     let class = match s.paint {
         Fill::Solid(_) => "solidColorLayer",
         Fill::Gradient { .. } => "gradientLayer",
@@ -660,6 +688,20 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(off.stroke.is_none() && off.fill_enabled);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn vstk_folds_color_alpha_into_stroke_opacity() {
+        let s = ShapeStroke { width: 2.0, paint: Fill::Solid(Color::rgba(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.4)), opacity: 0.5, ..ShapeStroke::default() };
+        let bytes = vstk_bytes(Some(&s), true, 72.0);
+        let raw = crate::blocks::parse_prefix_versioned(&bytes).unwrap();
+        let file_opacity = crate::blocks::num(raw.get("strokeStyleOpacity")).unwrap() as f32 / 100.0;
+        assert!((file_opacity - 0.2).abs() < 1e-4, "Photoshop sees the product in strokeStyleOpacity");
+        let got = parse_vstk(&bytes, 72.0).unwrap().stroke.unwrap();
+        assert!((got.opacity - 0.5).abs() < 1e-4);
+        let Fill::Solid(c) = got.paint else { panic!("solid") };
+        assert!((c.alpha - 0.4).abs() < 1e-5);
+        assert!((c.to_rgb()[2] - 1.0).abs() < 1e-3);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn vogk_roundtrip() {
         for s in [
diff --git a/crates/io/tests/it/vector.rs b/crates/io/tests/it/vector.rs
index e32cbed3fa..71bf66823c 100644
--- a/crates/io/tests/it/vector.rs
+++ b/crates/io/tests/it/vector.rs
@@ -135,6 +135,37 @@ fn shape_layer_typed_roundtrip() {
     }
 }
 
+/// #6180: Appearance fill and stroke alphas survive PSD save/load, and a redraw
+/// (move/crop) uses those values instead of snapping to opaque.
+#[test]
+fn rectangle_appearance_alphas_survive_psd_and_redraw() {
+    let mut d = doc();
+    let sh = ShapeLayer {
+        path: photocraft_vector::shapes::rect(16.0, 16.0, 128.0, 96.0),
+        fill: Some(Fill::Solid(Color::rgba(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5))),
+        stroke: Some(ShapeStroke { width: 4.0, paint: Fill::Solid(Color::rgba(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.4)), opacity: 0.5, ..ShapeStroke::default() }),
+        live: Some(LiveShape::Rect { rect: [16.0, 16.0, 128.0, 96.0], radii: [0.0; 4] }),
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+    d.layers.push(shape_layer(sh));
+    let b = roundtrip(&d);
+    let LayerContent::Shape(s) = &b.layers[1].content else { panic!("not a shape") };
+    let Fill::Solid(fill) = s.fill.as_ref().unwrap() else { panic!("solid fill") };
+    assert!((fill.alpha - 0.5).abs() < 1e-4, "fill appearance alpha {}", fill.alpha);
+    let st = s.stroke.as_ref().unwrap();
+    let Fill::Solid(stroke_c) = &st.paint else { panic!("solid stroke") };
+    assert!((stroke_c.alpha - 0.4).abs() < 1e-4, "stroke colour alpha {}", stroke_c.alpha);
+    assert!((st.opacity - 0.5).abs() < 1e-4, "stroke opacity {}", st.opacity);
+    let mut redrawn = s.clone();
+    redrawn.cache = Some(photocraft_vector::render_shape(&redrawn, photocraft_color::PixelFormat::RGBA8, Rect::new(0, 0, 256, 256)));
+    let Fill::Solid(fill2) = redrawn.fill.as_ref().unwrap() else { panic!("solid fill") };
+    assert!((fill2.alpha - 0.5).abs() < 1e-4);
+    let st2 = redrawn.stroke.as_ref().unwrap();
+    let Fill::Solid(stroke2) = &st2.paint else { panic!("solid stroke") };
+    assert!((stroke2.alpha - 0.4).abs() < 1e-4);
+    assert!((st2.opacity - 0.5).abs() < 1e-4);
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn custom_stroke_styles_roundtrip_through_psd_vstk() {
     for align in [StrokeAlign::Inside, StrokeAlign::Center, StrokeAlign::Outside] {
diff --git a/crates/paint/src/replace.rs b/crates/paint/src/replace.rs
index 3cb02e9a24..20619cd48a 100644
--- a/crates/paint/src/replace.rs
+++ b/crates/paint/src/replace.rs
@@ -127,6 +127,8 @@ pub fn color_replacement_effect(pre: Surface, rs: ReplaceSettings) -> impl FnMut
             return;
         }
         let (w, h) = (r.width() as usize, r.height() as usize);
+        let mut pre_px = vec![[0.0f32; 4]; w * h];
+        pre.read_rgba_into(r, &mut pre_px);
         // Per-pixel match weight.
         let mut weight = vec![0.0f32; w * h];
         for y in r.y0..r.y1 {
@@ -136,7 +138,7 @@ pub fn color_replacement_effect(pre: Surface, rs: ReplaceSettings) -> impl FnMut
                 }
                 // Match against the pre-stroke colours, so pixels recoloured by earlier dabs of
                 // this stroke still count as the sampled colour.
-                let c = pre.rgba(x, y);
+                let c = pre_px[(y - r.y0) as usize * w + (x - r.x0) as usize];
                 if c[3] <= 0.0 {
                     continue;
                 }
diff --git a/crates/raster/src/lib.rs b/crates/raster/src/lib.rs
index 6ce0ea688d..fb6a6fd388 100644
--- a/crates/raster/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/raster/src/lib.rs
@@ -1116,7 +1116,8 @@ impl Surface {
 
     /// Composite-friendly RGBA read (converts from the surface's model).
     pub fn rgba(&self, x: i32, y: i32) -> [f32; 4] {
-        let p = self.pixel(x, y);
+        let mut p = [0.0f32; 5];
+        self.read_pixel(x, y, &mut p);
         to_rgba(&self.format, &p)
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/adjust_dialog.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/adjust_dialog.rs
index acb56b46aa..1c45da190b 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/adjust_dialog.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/adjust_dialog.rs
@@ -629,6 +629,84 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
+    /// #8984: the Curves dialog has a resize grip; its graph grows with the dialog, the controls
+    /// stay inside it, and it reopens at the size it was left at.
+    #[test]
+    fn curves_dialog_resizes_with_its_graph_and_reopens_at_that_size() {
+        let mut h = Harness::builder().with_size(egui::vec2(1600.0, 1100.0)).build_ui_state(|ui, app| crate::dialogs::show(app, ui.ctx()), app_with_image());
+        PhotocraftApp::setup_context(&h.ctx, Default::default());
+        let graph = |h: &Harness<'_, PhotocraftApp>| h.ctx.data(|d| d.get_temp::<egui::Rect>(dialog_mem("curves").with("curves-graph"))).unwrap();
+        let window = |h: &Harness<'_, PhotocraftApp>, id: u64| h.ctx.memory(|m| m.area_rect(egui::Id::new(("dialog", id)))).unwrap();
+        let id = open(h.state_mut(), "image.adjustments.curves").unwrap();
+        h.run_steps(4);
+        let (opened, small) = (window(&h, id), graph(&h));
+        assert!(small.width() > 270.0 && small.width() < 300.0, "opens at the 300-point graph: {small:?}");
+        // Drag the grip (bottom-right corner) 300 points right and 200 down.
+        let corner = opened.max - egui::vec2(12.0, 12.0);
+        let by = egui::vec2(300.0, 200.0);
+        h.event(egui::Event::PointerMoved(corner));
+        h.step();
+        h.event(egui::Event::PointerButton { pos: corner, button: egui::PointerButton::Primary, pressed: true, modifiers: egui::Modifiers::NONE });
+        h.step();
+        for i in 1..=4 {
+            h.event(egui::Event::PointerMoved(corner + by * (i as f32 / 4.0)));
+            h.step();
+        }
+        h.event(egui::Event::PointerButton { pos: corner + by, button: egui::PointerButton::Primary, pressed: false, modifiers: egui::Modifiers::NONE });
+        h.run_steps(6);
+        let (wide, big) = (window(&h, id), graph(&h));
+        assert!(big.width() > small.width() + 250.0, "the graph follows the dialog: {small:?} → {big:?}");
+        assert!((big.width() - big.height()).abs() < 1.0, "still square: {big:?}");
+        assert!(wide.contains_rect(big) && wide.right() - big.right() < 40.0, "no blank column: window {wide:?}, graph {big:?}");
+        for label in ["Channel:", "Input:", "Output:", "Preview", "OK", "Cancel"] {
+            assert!(wide.contains_rect(h.get_by_label(crate::i18n::t(label)).rect()), "{label} inside the window");
+        }
+        // Cancel, open again: the size it was left at.
+        h.get_by_label("Cancel").click();
+        h.run_steps(3);
+        assert!(h.state().ui.dialogs.is_empty());
+        let again = open(h.state_mut(), "image.adjustments.curves").unwrap();
+        h.run_steps(4);
+        assert!((graph(&h).width() - big.width()).abs() < 2.0, "reopened at {:?}, left at {big:?}", graph(&h));
+        assert!((window(&h, again).width() - wide.width()).abs() < 2.0);
+    }
+
+    /// #8984: however tall the graph's width would make it, the dialog still fits the window.
+    #[test]
+    fn curves_graph_never_pushes_the_dialog_off_a_short_window() {
+        let mut h = Harness::builder().with_size(egui::vec2(1600.0, 700.0)).build_ui_state(|ui, app| crate::dialogs::show(app, ui.ctx()), app_with_image());
+        PhotocraftApp::setup_context(&h.ctx, Default::default());
+        h.ctx.data_mut(|m| m.insert_persisted(egui::Id::new(("dialog-place", "image.adjustments.curves")).with("size"), egui::vec2(1200.0, 1200.0)));
+        let id = open(h.state_mut(), "image.adjustments.curves").unwrap();
+        h.run_steps(5);
+        let graph = h.ctx.data(|d| d.get_temp::<egui::Rect>(dialog_mem("curves").with("curves-graph"))).unwrap();
+        let window = h.ctx.memory(|m| m.area_rect(egui::Id::new(("dialog", id)))).unwrap();
+        assert!(graph.height() <= 700.0 - 360.0, "{graph:?}");
+        assert!(window.height() <= 700.0, "{window:?}");
+        assert!(window.contains_rect(h.get_by_label("OK").rect()));
+        // The size the window squeezed it to is not remembered: a larger window gets 1200 again.
+        let kept = h.ctx.data_mut(|m| m.get_persisted::<egui::Vec2>(egui::Id::new(("dialog-place", "image.adjustments.curves")).with("size")));
+        assert_eq!(kept, Some(egui::vec2(1200.0, 1200.0)));
+        // Dragged far wider, the dialog stops where the graph stops: no blank column.
+        let corner = window.max - egui::vec2(12.0, 12.0);
+        h.event(egui::Event::PointerMoved(corner));
+        h.step();
+        h.event(egui::Event::PointerButton { pos: corner, button: egui::PointerButton::Primary, pressed: true, modifiers: egui::Modifiers::NONE });
+        h.step();
+        h.event(egui::Event::PointerMoved(corner + egui::vec2(600.0, 0.0)));
+        h.step();
+        h.event(egui::Event::PointerButton {
+            pos: corner + egui::vec2(600.0, 0.0),
+            button: egui::PointerButton::Primary,
+            pressed: false,
+            modifiers: egui::Modifiers::NONE,
+        });
+        h.run_steps(5);
+        let graph = h.ctx.data(|d| d.get_temp::<egui::Rect>(dialog_mem("curves").with("curves-graph"))).unwrap();
+        let window = h.ctx.memory(|m| m.area_rect(egui::Id::new(("dialog", id)))).unwrap();
+        assert!(window.right() - graph.right() < 40.0, "no blank column: window {window:?}, graph {graph:?}");
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn cancel_leaves_the_document_untouched() {
         let mut harness =
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/adjust_editors.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/adjust_editors.rs
index 877525ffb8..f646ddd452 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/adjust_editors.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/adjust_editors.rs
@@ -357,6 +357,27 @@ fn gradient_bar(p: &egui::Painter, r: Rect, from: Color32, to: Color32, vertical
 const CURVE_HANDLE_SIZE: f32 = 7.0;
 const CURVE_GRAPH_PADDING: f32 = 5.0;
 
+/// The room left on screen for the Curves dialog's other rows (title, channel and mode, Input and
+/// Output, eyedroppers, buttons) when its graph is as tall as it can be.
+const CURVES_CHROME: f32 = 360.0;
+/// The smallest and the default largest side of the Curves graph: 300 points was the fixed
+/// size until #8984.
+const CURVE_SIDE: (f32, f32) = (120.0, 300.0);
+
+/// The Curves graph's side (#8984): the width it is given, in the Properties panel and in the
+/// resizable dialog, and no taller than the window leaves room for beside the other rows.
+fn curve_side(ui: &egui::Ui) -> f32 {
+    let tallest = curve_side_max(ui.ctx());
+    let width = ui.available_width();
+    if width.is_finite() { width.clamp(CURVE_SIDE.0, tallest) } else { CURVE_SIDE.1 }
+}
+
+/// The largest the Curves graph gets in this window: as tall as the window leaves room for beside
+/// the dialog's other rows, and never under the old 300 points. The Curves dialog is no wider.
+pub(crate) fn curve_side_max(ctx: &egui::Context) -> f32 {
+    (ctx.content_rect().height() - CURVES_CHROME).max(CURVE_SIDE.1)
+}
+
 fn curve_graph(full: Rect, side: f32) -> Rect {
     let base = Rect::from_min_size(full.min + vec2(14.0, 0.0), vec2(side - 14.0, side - 14.0));
     Rect::from_min_max(base.min + vec2(CURVE_GRAPH_PADDING, CURVE_GRAPH_PADDING), base.max - vec2(CURVE_GRAPH_PADDING, CURVE_GRAPH_PADDING))
@@ -461,7 +482,7 @@ fn curves(ui: &mut egui::Ui, v: &mut Value, cx: &EditorCx) -> Edit {
     let pencil = v.get("pencil").and_then(Value::as_bool).unwrap_or(false);
     let mut pts = read_curve(v, key);
     let mut map = read_map(v, key);
-    let side = ui.available_width().clamp(120.0, 300.0);
+    let side = curve_side(ui);
     ui.add_space(4.0);
     let (full, resp) = ui.allocate_exact_size(vec2(side, side + 14.0), Sense::click_and_drag());
     let graph = curve_graph(full, side);
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/adjust_editors_tests.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/adjust_editors_tests.rs
index d8c6e7953a..7f669186bb 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/adjust_editors_tests.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/adjust_editors_tests.rs
@@ -206,6 +206,27 @@ fn curve_of(a: &Adjustment) -> Vec<[f32; 2]> {
     }
 }
 
+/// #8984: the Curves graph in Properties grows with the panel instead of stopping at 300
+/// points, stays square, and edits where it is clicked at its new size.
+#[test]
+fn curves_graph_grows_with_the_properties_panel() {
+    let mut h = app_harness("curves", "rgb", 8);
+    let (id, _) = layer(&h);
+    let narrow = curves_graph(&h, id);
+    assert!(narrow.width() < 300.0, "{narrow:?}");
+    crate::panels::request_dock_width(&h.ctx, 760.0);
+    h.run_steps(8);
+    let wide = curves_graph(&h, id);
+    // 760 points of panel, but the 900-point window leaves room for 540 beside the other rows.
+    assert!(wide.width() > narrow.width() + 250.0 && wide.height() <= 900.0 - 360.0, "{narrow:?} → {wide:?}");
+    assert!((wide.width() - wide.height()).abs() < 1.0, "square: {wide:?}");
+    // A point added at the graph's centre lands at 128, 128 of the curve.
+    click(&mut h, wide.center());
+    let c = curve_of(&layer(&h).1);
+    assert_eq!(c.len(), 3, "{c:?}");
+    assert!((c[1][0] - 127.5).abs() < 2.0 && (c[1][1] - 127.5).abs() < 2.0, "{c:?}");
+}
+
 /// Issue #43: pressing on a point selects it (no new point), Delete/Backspace and ⌘/Ctrl-click
 /// remove points, dragging off the graph removes one, endpoints stay.
 #[test]
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/canvas.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/canvas.rs
index 708f985fe4..bb77cb0add 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/canvas.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/canvas.rs
@@ -1445,6 +1445,7 @@ pub(crate) fn display_doc(app: &mut PhotocraftApp, idx: usize) -> (std::sync::Ar
     }
     if let (Some(t), Some(pv)) = (&app.ui.transform, &app.transform_preview)
         && app.session.active_index() == Some(idx)
+        && pv.doc.id == st.doc.id
         && st.doc.layer(photocraft_doc::LayerId(t.layer)).is_some()
     {
         return (pv.doc.clone(), (1 << 40) + pv.session);
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/color_picker_ui.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/color_picker_ui.rs
index 18ebefede7..ece2fbafb3 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/color_picker_ui.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/color_picker_ui.rs
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ fn color_field(ui: &mut egui::Ui, f: &mut Map<String, Value>) {
     // Photoshop updates the colour on the press itself, not only when the button is released
     // (#6937): `is_pointer_button_down_on` is true from the press frame onwards (it covers
     // dragging too), while `clicked` fires on release and `dragged` only after a move.
-    if let Some(p) = resp.interact_pointer_pos().filter(|_| resp.is_pointer_button_down_on() || resp.clicked()) {
+    if let Some(p) = widgets::pick_pos(&resp) {
         let (x, y) = (((p.x - field.left()) / field.width()).clamp(0.0, 1.0), ((p.y - field.top()) / field.height()).clamp(0.0, 1.0));
         let c = field_color(&mode, fz, x, y);
         let keep = match mode.as_str() {
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ fn color_field(ui: &mut egui::Ui, f: &mut Map<String, Value>) {
         let tri = vec![pos2(x, sy), pos2(x - 6.0 * dir, sy - 4.0), pos2(x - 6.0 * dir, sy + 4.0)];
         ui.painter().add(egui::Shape::convex_polygon(tri, t.text, Stroke::NONE));
     }
-    if let Some(p) = sresp.interact_pointer_pos().filter(|_| sresp.is_pointer_button_down_on() || sresp.clicked()) {
+    if let Some(p) = widgets::pick_pos(&sresp) {
         let z = 1.0 - ((p.y - strip.top()) / strip.height()).clamp(0.0, 1.0);
         let h = match mode.as_str() {
             "h" => Some([z * 360.0, hsv[1], hsv[2]]),
@@ -863,6 +863,95 @@ mod tests {
         h.state().get("color").and_then(Value::as_str).unwrap().to_string()
     }
 
+    /// Press at `at` and hold, with no release and no time passing, then run one frame.
+    fn press<S>(h: &mut Harness<'static, S>, at: egui::Pos2) {
+        press_button(h, at, egui::PointerButton::Primary, true);
+    }
+
+    fn press_button<S>(h: &mut Harness<'static, S>, at: egui::Pos2, button: egui::PointerButton, pressed: bool) {
+        h.event(egui::Event::PointerMoved(at));
+        h.event(egui::Event::PointerButton { pos: at, button, pressed, modifiers: egui::Modifiers::NONE });
+        h.run_steps(1);
+    }
+
+    /// #7793: the field and the slider pick on the frame the button goes down, not after the
+    /// pointer has travelled past egui's click threshold or been held for a while, and follow
+    /// moves of a few points.
+    #[test]
+    fn field_and_slider_pick_on_press_and_follow_small_moves() {
+        let mut f = Map::new();
+        f.insert("color".into(), json!("#336699"));
+        let mut h = Harness::builder().with_size(vec2(400.0, 300.0)).build_ui_state(
+            |ui, f: &mut Map<String, Value>| {
+                ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+                    let o = ui.cursor().min;
+                    let gap = ui.spacing().item_spacing.x;
+                    ui.data_mut(|d| d.insert_temp(egui::Id::new("test-origin"), (o, gap)));
+                    color_field(ui, f);
+                });
+            },
+            f,
+        );
+        h.run_steps(2);
+        let (o, gap) = h.ctx.data(|d| d.get_temp::<(egui::Pos2, f32)>(egui::Id::new("test-origin"))).unwrap();
+        // Field: saturation across, brightness down (hue mode).
+        let at = o + vec2(FIELD * 0.5, FIELD * 0.5);
+        press(&mut h, at);
+        let picked = color(&h);
+        assert_ne!(picked, "#336699", "the press itself picks");
+        let hsv = rgb_to_hsb(parse_hex(&picked).unwrap());
+        assert!((hsv[1] - 0.5).abs() < 0.02 && (hsv[2] - 0.5).abs() < 0.02, "{picked} {hsv:?}");
+        // A 3-point nudge (under the 6-point click threshold) moves the pick.
+        h.event(egui::Event::PointerMoved(at + vec2(3.0, 0.0)));
+        h.run_steps(1);
+        assert_ne!(color(&h), picked, "a small drag adjusts the pick");
+        h.event(egui::Event::PointerButton {
+            pos: at + vec2(3.0, 0.0),
+            button: egui::PointerButton::Primary,
+            pressed: false,
+            modifiers: egui::Modifiers::NONE,
+        });
+        h.run_steps(2);
+        // Hue slider: a press near the bottom picks a hue near 0 at once.
+        let before = color(&h);
+        press(&mut h, o + vec2(FIELD + gap + 9.0, FIELD * 0.95));
+        assert_ne!(color(&h), before, "the slider picks on press");
+        let hue = rgb_to_hsb(parse_hex(&color(&h)).unwrap())[0];
+        assert!(hue < 30.0 || hue > 330.0, "hue {hue}");
+    }
+
+    /// Only the primary button picks: a right or middle press (and its release) on the field or
+    /// the slider leaves the colour alone.
+    #[test]
+    fn field_and_slider_ignore_secondary_and_middle_presses() {
+        let mut f = Map::new();
+        f.insert("color".into(), json!("#336699"));
+        let mut h = Harness::builder().with_size(vec2(400.0, 300.0)).build_ui_state(
+            |ui, f: &mut Map<String, Value>| {
+                ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+                    let o = ui.cursor().min;
+                    let gap = ui.spacing().item_spacing.x;
+                    ui.data_mut(|d| d.insert_temp(egui::Id::new("test-origin"), (o, gap)));
+                    color_field(ui, f);
+                });
+            },
+            f,
+        );
+        h.run_steps(2);
+        let (o, gap) = h.ctx.data(|d| d.get_temp::<(egui::Pos2, f32)>(egui::Id::new("test-origin"))).unwrap();
+        for at in [o + vec2(FIELD * 0.5, FIELD * 0.5), o + vec2(FIELD + gap + 9.0, FIELD * 0.95)] {
+            for button in [egui::PointerButton::Secondary, egui::PointerButton::Middle] {
+                press_button(&mut h, at, button, true);
+                assert_eq!(color(&h), "#336699", "{button:?} press at {at:?}");
+                h.event(egui::Event::PointerMoved(at + vec2(3.0, 0.0)));
+                h.run_steps(1);
+                press_button(&mut h, at + vec2(3.0, 0.0), button, false);
+                h.run_steps(1);
+                assert_eq!(color(&h), "#336699", "{button:?} drag and release at {at:?}");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn hex_field_shows_uppercase_without_rewriting_the_selected_color() {
         let h = picker("#12abef");
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/crop_size.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/crop_size.rs
index dc91ec681b..71fc57f495 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/crop_size.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/crop_size.rs
@@ -226,15 +226,21 @@ pub fn clear(o: &mut ToolOptions) {
     o.crop_resolution.clear();
 }
 
-/// Swaps W and H (the ⇄ button, X). False outside W x H x Resolution mode.
+/// Swaps W and H for the Crop tool's X. False outside W x H x Resolution mode.
 pub fn swap(o: &mut ToolOptions) -> bool {
     if o.crop_ratio != WHR {
         return false;
     }
-    std::mem::swap(&mut o.crop_width, &mut o.crop_height);
+    swap_fields(o);
     true
 }
 
+/// The ⇄ button between the W and H fields: always swaps, as Perspective Crop shows the fields
+/// without the Crop tool's W x H x Resolution mode.
+fn swap_fields(o: &mut ToolOptions) {
+    std::mem::swap(&mut o.crop_width, &mut o.crop_height);
+}
+
 /// After the preset dropdown chose `crop_ratio`: a size preset fills the fields and Front Image
 /// reads the document, both leaving W x H x Resolution mode on.
 pub fn chosen(app: &mut PhotocraftApp) {
@@ -298,7 +304,7 @@ fn text_field(ui: &mut egui::Ui, id: &str, value: &mut String, hint: &str, width
 pub fn fields(o: &mut ToolOptions, ui: &mut egui::Ui) {
     text_field(ui, "crop-width", &mut o.crop_width, tl!("Width"), 64.0, normalize_length);
     if crate::icons::button(ui, "arrow-left-right", 22.0, false, tl!("Swaps height and width")).clicked() {
-        swap(o);
+        swap_fields(o);
     }
     text_field(ui, "crop-height", &mut o.crop_height, tl!("Height"), 64.0, normalize_length);
     text_field(ui, "crop-resolution", &mut o.crop_resolution, tl!("Resolution"), 64.0, normalize_resolution);
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/dialogs.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/dialogs.rs
index eadffa17ae..bc658783cd 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/dialogs.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/dialogs.rs
@@ -181,16 +181,47 @@ fn resizable_dialog(fields: &serde_json::Map<String, Value>) -> Option<egui::Vec
         Some(crate::prefs_ui::PREFERENCES_SIZE)
     } else if fields.contains_key("__web") {
         Some(egui::vec2(960.0, 900.0))
+    } else if is_curves(fields) {
+        Some(CURVES_SIZE)
     } else {
         None
     }
 }
 
+/// Whether `fields` are the Image › Adjustments › Curves dialog's.
+fn is_curves(fields: &serde_json::Map<String, Value>) -> bool {
+    fields.get("__adjust").and_then(Value::as_str) == Some("curves")
+}
+
+/// The size the Curves dialog first opens at: the 300-point graph it had before it could be
+/// resized (#5113); it grows to fit its controls below the graph.
+const CURVES_SIZE: egui::Vec2 = egui::vec2(300.0, 420.0);
+/// The smallest a resizable dialog is dragged to: Curves keeps a usable graph (#8984), the others
+/// their two-column layouts.
+fn resizable_min(fields: &serde_json::Map<String, Value>) -> egui::Vec2 {
+    if is_curves(fields) { egui::vec2(300.0, 420.0) } else { egui::vec2(560.0, 400.0) }
+}
+
+/// Where the size the user last gave a resizable dialog is kept (#8984), beside its place.
+fn size_id(place: egui::Id) -> egui::Id {
+    place.with("size")
+}
+
+/// The largest a resizable dialog of `fields` with smallest size `min` is dragged to: the window
+/// less a margin, and for Curves no wider than its graph can grow (#8984), so no blank column.
+fn resizable_max(ctx: &egui::Context, fields: &serde_json::Map<String, Value>, min: egui::Vec2) -> egui::Vec2 {
+    let mut max = (ctx.content_rect().size() - egui::vec2(40.0, 40.0)).max(min);
+    if is_curves(fields) {
+        max.x = max.x.min(crate::adjust_editors::curve_side_max(ctx)).max(min.x);
+    }
+    max
+}
+
 fn show_modal<T>(
     modal: egui::Modal,
     ctx: &egui::Context,
     id: egui::Id,
-    resizable: Option<egui::Vec2>,
+    resizable: Option<(egui::Vec2, egui::Vec2, egui::Vec2)>,
     interactive: bool,
     contents: impl FnOnce(&mut egui::Ui) -> T,
 ) -> egui::ModalResponse<T> {
@@ -199,17 +230,10 @@ fn show_modal<T>(
         if !interactive {
             ui.disable();
         }
-        if let Some(size) = resizable {
-            let max = (ctx.content_rect().size() - egui::vec2(40.0, 40.0)).max(egui::vec2(560.0, 400.0));
+        if let Some((size, min, max)) = resizable {
             // No stroke: Resize outlines its contents 2 points out, an inner box inside the
             // dialog's frame that left the title and buttons flush against it (#8199).
-            egui::Resize::default()
-                .id(id.with("resize"))
-                .with_stroke(false)
-                .default_size(size.min(max))
-                .min_size(egui::vec2(560.0, 400.0))
-                .max_size(max)
-                .show(ui, contents)
+            egui::Resize::default().id(id.with("resize")).with_stroke(false).default_size(size.min(max)).min_size(min).max_size(max).show(ui, contents)
         } else {
             contents(ui)
         }
@@ -289,14 +313,22 @@ pub fn show(app: &mut PhotocraftApp, ctx: &egui::Context) {
         let web = fields.contains_key("__web");
         let web_popup_open = web && egui::Popup::is_any_open(ctx);
         let resizable = resizable_dialog(&fields);
-        let modal = show_modal(modal, ctx, id, resizable, interactive, |ui| {
+        // Curves reopens at the size it was left at (#8984).
+        let remembered = if is_curves(&fields) { ctx.data_mut(|m| m.get_persisted::<egui::Vec2>(size_id(place))) } else { None };
+        let resize = resizable.map(|size| {
+            let min = resizable_min(&fields);
+            (remembered.unwrap_or(size), min, resizable_max(ctx, &fields, min))
+        });
+        let mut given = None;
+        let modal = show_modal(modal, ctx, id, resize, interactive, |ui| {
             sizing = ui.is_sizing_pass();
             let available = ui.available_size();
+            given = Some(available);
             // A dialog of a few short fields (`__compact`, Fit Image) is narrower (#4673): the title
             // rule and the button row fill the width they are given, so it needs its own maximum too.
             let compact = d.fields.contains_key("__compact");
-            // The curve editor caps its graph allocation at 300 points (#5113).
-            let curves = fields.get("__adjust").and_then(Value::as_str) == Some("curves");
+            // The curve editor's graph is as wide as the dialog lets it be (#5113, #8984).
+            let curves = is_curves(&fields);
             if !compact {
                 ui.set_min_width(if curves { 300.0 } else { 380.0 });
             }
@@ -323,7 +355,7 @@ pub fn show(app: &mut PhotocraftApp, ctx: &egui::Context) {
             } else if compact {
                 260.0
             } else if curves {
-                300.0
+                available.x.max(300.0)
             } else {
                 440.0
             }));
@@ -582,6 +614,17 @@ pub fn show(app: &mut PhotocraftApp, ctx: &egui::Context) {
         });
         // The picker has a larger frame margin; include that whole frame in the canvas hit guard.
         shown.push(if color_picker { modal.response.rect } else { modal.inner });
+        // The size Curves was given (dragged or grown to fit) is the one it reopens at (#8984).
+        // A size at the window's limit is the window's, not the user's: a large remembered size
+        // squeezed into a small window is kept for a larger one.
+        if let (false, true, Some(size), Some((opened, _, max))) = (sizing, is_curves(&fields), given.filter(|g| g.is_finite()), resize)
+            && size != opened.min(max)
+            && size.x < max.x - 0.5
+            && size.y < max.y - 0.5
+            && remembered != Some(size)
+        {
+            ctx.data_mut(|m| m.insert_persisted(size_id(place), size));
+        }
         // Pin once laid out at its real size (the first frame is an invisible sizing pass).
         if !sizing && (web || pinned.is_none() || drag != egui::Vec2::ZERO) {
             let screen = ctx.content_rect();
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/distort_ui.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/distort_ui.rs
index 5441a971ee..be1c0ddbc8 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/distort_ui.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/distort_ui.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use egui::{Color32, ColorImage};
-use photocraft_doc::{Document, LayerContent, LayerId};
+use photocraft_doc::{DocId, Document, LayerContent, LayerId};
 use photocraft_geom::Rect;
 use photocraft_raster::Surface;
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
@@ -91,15 +91,50 @@ pub(crate) fn surface_image(surf: &Surface, r: Rect, max_side: usize) -> ColorIm
     ColorImage::new([tw, th], px)
 }
 
+fn active_doc(app: &PhotocraftApp) -> Option<DocId> {
+    app.session.active().map(|st| st.doc.id)
+}
+
+fn on_doc(app: &PhotocraftApp, document: DocId) -> bool {
+    active_doc(app) == Some(document)
+}
+
+/// Drops Liquify / Puppet / Perspective Warp / Vanishing Point / Filter Gallery when the
+/// document they were opened on is no longer active, so they cannot steal undo, block layer
+/// delete, or draw another document's pixels (#5115).
+pub fn cancel_stale(app: &mut PhotocraftApp) {
+    let active = active_doc(app);
+    if app.distort.liquify.as_ref().is_some_and(|d| Some(d.document) != active) {
+        crate::liquify_ui::cancel(app);
+    }
+    if app.distort.puppet.as_ref().is_some_and(|p| Some(p.document) != active) {
+        app.distort.puppet = None;
+    }
+    if app.distort.perspective.as_ref().is_some_and(|p| Some(p.document) != active) {
+        app.distort.perspective = None;
+    }
+    if app.distort.vanishing.as_ref().is_some_and(|v| Some(v.document) != active) {
+        app.distort.vanishing = None;
+    }
+    if app.distort.gallery.as_ref().is_some_and(|g| Some(g.document) != active) {
+        app.distort.gallery = None;
+    }
+}
+
 /// The document shown on the canvas while Puppet or Perspective Warp previews a layer.
 pub fn display_doc(app: &PhotocraftApp, idx: usize) -> Option<(Arc<Document>, u64)> {
     if app.session.active_index() != Some(idx) {
         return None;
     }
-    if let Some(p) = &app.distort.puppet {
+    let id = app.session.documents().get(idx).map(|st| st.doc.id)?;
+    if let Some(p) = &app.distort.puppet
+        && p.document == id
+    {
         return Some((p.preview_doc.clone(), (1 << 42) + p.key));
     }
-    if let Some(p) = &app.distort.perspective {
+    if let Some(p) = &app.distort.perspective
+        && p.document == id
+    {
         return Some((p.preview_doc.clone(), (1 << 42) + p.key));
     }
     None
@@ -137,23 +172,24 @@ pub fn menu(app: &mut PhotocraftApp, ctx: &egui::Context, id: &str, params: &Val
 
 /// Pointer events (document coordinates) while a mode is active. True when consumed.
 pub fn pointer(app: &mut PhotocraftApp, ev: ToolEvent, mods: egui::Modifiers) -> bool {
+    cancel_stale(app);
     if app.distort.caf.is_some() {
         crate::caf_ui::pointer(app, ev, mods);
         return true;
     }
-    if app.distort.liquify.is_some() {
+    if app.distort.liquify.as_ref().is_some_and(|d| on_doc(app, d.document)) {
         crate::liquify_ui::pointer(app, ev, mods);
         return true;
     }
-    if app.distort.puppet.is_some() {
+    if app.distort.puppet.as_ref().is_some_and(|p| on_doc(app, p.document)) {
         crate::puppet_ui::pointer(app, ev, mods);
         return true;
     }
-    if app.distort.perspective.is_some() {
+    if app.distort.perspective.as_ref().is_some_and(|p| on_doc(app, p.document)) {
         crate::perspective_ui::pointer(app, ev, mods);
         return true;
     }
-    if app.distort.vanishing.is_some() {
+    if app.distort.vanishing.as_ref().is_some_and(|v| on_doc(app, v.document)) {
         crate::vp_ui::pointer(app, ev, mods);
         return true;
     }
@@ -164,6 +200,7 @@ pub fn pointer(app: &mut PhotocraftApp, ev: ToolEvent, mods: egui::Modifiers) ->
 /// of the rest of the app should be skipped.
 pub fn keys(app: &mut PhotocraftApp, ctx: &egui::Context) -> bool {
     use egui::{Key, Modifiers};
+    cancel_stale(app);
     let enter = |ctx: &egui::Context| ctx.input_mut(|i| i.consume_key(Modifiers::NONE, Key::Enter));
     let esc = |ctx: &egui::Context| ctx.input_mut(|i| i.consume_key(Modifiers::NONE, Key::Escape));
     if app.distort.gallery.is_some() {
@@ -245,19 +282,26 @@ pub fn draw_content(app: &PhotocraftApp, painter: &egui::Painter, xf: &ViewXform
 
 /// Canvas overlay for the on-canvas modes: pins, planes and meshes over the guides.
 pub fn draw_overlay(app: &PhotocraftApp, painter: &egui::Painter, xf: &ViewXform) {
-    if let Some(p) = &app.distort.puppet {
+    if let Some(p) = &app.distort.puppet
+        && on_doc(app, p.document)
+    {
         crate::puppet_ui::draw(p, painter, xf);
     }
-    if let Some(p) = &app.distort.perspective {
+    if let Some(p) = &app.distort.perspective
+        && on_doc(app, p.document)
+    {
         crate::perspective_ui::draw(p, painter, xf);
     }
-    if let Some(v) = &app.distort.vanishing {
+    if let Some(v) = &app.distort.vanishing
+        && on_doc(app, v.document)
+    {
         crate::vp_ui::draw(v, painter, xf);
     }
 }
 
 /// Options bar for the on-canvas modes. True when drawn.
 pub fn options_bar(app: &mut PhotocraftApp, ui: &mut egui::Ui) -> bool {
+    cancel_stale(app);
     if app.distort.puppet.is_some() {
         crate::puppet_ui::options_bar(app, ui);
         return true;
@@ -295,6 +339,7 @@ pub fn drop_foreign(app: &mut PhotocraftApp) {
 
 /// Full-window dialogs (Liquify, Content-Aware Fill, Filter Gallery).
 pub fn show(app: &mut PhotocraftApp, ctx: &egui::Context) {
+    cancel_stale(app);
     drop_foreign(app);
     if app.distort.caf.is_some() {
         crate::caf_ui::show(app, ctx);
@@ -312,3 +357,93 @@ pub(crate) fn tolerance(app: &PhotocraftApp) -> f64 {
     let z = app.point_zoom().max(0.01);
     8.0 / f64::from(z)
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use photocraft_geom::Rect;
+    use serde_json::json;
+
+    fn paint_bar(app: &mut PhotocraftApp) {
+        app.session
+            .edit("paint", |doc, active| {
+                doc.layer_mut(active.unwrap()).unwrap().surface_mut().unwrap().fill_rect(Rect::new(20, 30, 80, 50), &[1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]);
+                Ok(())
+            })
+            .unwrap();
+    }
+
+    /// #5115: Puppet Warp is per-document. Switching tabs drops the session so Ctrl+Z and
+    /// layer delete apply to the new document, and the warp mesh does not leak onto it.
+    #[test]
+    fn switching_documents_drops_puppet_and_restores_undo_and_delete() {
+        let ctx = egui::Context::default();
+        let mut app = PhotocraftApp::new(photocraft_engine::Session::new(), Default::default());
+        app.session.execute("file.new", json!({"width": 100, "height": 80, "depth": 8})).unwrap();
+        app.session.execute("layer.new.layer", json!({})).unwrap();
+        paint_bar(&mut app);
+        app.sync_views();
+        menu(&mut app, &ctx, "edit.puppetWarp", &json!({})).unwrap().unwrap();
+        pointer(&mut app, ToolEvent::Down { x: 50.0, y: 40.0, pressure: 1.0 }, egui::Modifiers::NONE);
+        pointer(&mut app, ToolEvent::Up { x: 50.0, y: 40.0 }, egui::Modifiers::NONE);
+        assert!(app.distort.puppet.is_some());
+        let first = app.session.active().unwrap().doc.id;
+        app.session.execute("file.new", json!({"width": 60, "height": 40, "depth": 8})).unwrap();
+        app.session.execute("layer.new.layer", json!({})).unwrap();
+        app.sync_views();
+        assert!(app.distort.puppet.is_none(), "puppet does not follow the new document");
+        assert!(display_doc(&app, app.session.active_index().unwrap()).is_none());
+        let layers_before = app.session.active().unwrap().doc.layers.len();
+        app.session.execute("layer.delete", json!({})).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(app.session.active().unwrap().doc.layers.len(), layers_before - 1);
+        assert!(app.session.set_active(0));
+        app.sync_views();
+        assert_eq!(app.session.active().unwrap().doc.id, first);
+        let past = app.session.active().unwrap().history.past_len();
+        app.session.execute("edit.undo", json!({})).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(app.session.active().unwrap().history.past_len(), past - 1);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn committed_puppet_is_one_undo_step_and_the_layer_stays_deletable() {
+        let ctx = egui::Context::default();
+        let mut app = PhotocraftApp::new(photocraft_engine::Session::new(), Default::default());
+        app.session.execute("file.new", json!({"width": 100, "height": 80, "depth": 8})).unwrap();
+        app.session.execute("layer.new.layer", json!({})).unwrap();
+        paint_bar(&mut app);
+        app.sync_views();
+        menu(&mut app, &ctx, "edit.puppetWarp", &json!({})).unwrap().unwrap();
+        pointer(&mut app, ToolEvent::Down { x: 25.0, y: 40.0, pressure: 1.0 }, egui::Modifiers::NONE);
+        pointer(&mut app, ToolEvent::Up { x: 25.0, y: 40.0 }, egui::Modifiers::NONE);
+        pointer(&mut app, ToolEvent::Down { x: 75.0, y: 40.0, pressure: 1.0 }, egui::Modifiers::NONE);
+        pointer(&mut app, ToolEvent::Move { x: 75.0, y: 30.0, pressure: 1.0 }, egui::Modifiers::NONE);
+        pointer(&mut app, ToolEvent::Up { x: 75.0, y: 20.0 }, egui::Modifiers::NONE);
+        let before = app.session.active().unwrap().history.past_len();
+        crate::puppet_ui::commit(&mut app);
+        assert!(app.distort.puppet.is_none());
+        assert_eq!(app.session.active().unwrap().history.past_len(), before + 1);
+        app.session.execute("edit.undo", json!({})).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(app.session.active().unwrap().history.past_len(), before);
+        let layers = app.session.active().unwrap().doc.layers.len();
+        app.session.execute("layer.delete", json!({})).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(app.session.active().unwrap().doc.layers.len(), layers - 1);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn switching_documents_drops_liquify() {
+        let ctx = egui::Context::default();
+        let mut app = PhotocraftApp::new(photocraft_engine::Session::new(), Default::default());
+        app.session.execute("file.new", json!({"width": 100, "height": 80, "depth": 8})).unwrap();
+        app.session.execute("layer.new.layer", json!({})).unwrap();
+        paint_bar(&mut app);
+        crate::liquify_ui::open(&mut app, &ctx).unwrap();
+        assert!(app.distort.liquify.is_some());
+        app.session.execute("file.new", json!({"width": 40, "height": 40, "depth": 8})).unwrap();
+        app.session.execute("layer.new.layer", json!({})).unwrap();
+        app.sync_views();
+        assert!(app.distort.liquify.is_none());
+        let past = app.session.active().unwrap().history.past_len();
+        app.session.execute("edit.undo", json!({})).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(app.session.active().unwrap().history.past_len(), past - 1);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/gallery_ui.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/gallery_ui.rs
index 89eac953e9..b5e50734f9 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/gallery_ui.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/gallery_ui.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
 
 use egui::{Align2, Color32, FontId, Rect as ERect, Sense, Stroke, TextureHandle, pos2, vec2};
 use photocraft_algo::{FilterParams, GALLERY_CATEGORIES, GalleryFilter};
-use photocraft_doc::LayerId;
+use photocraft_doc::{DocId, LayerId};
 use photocraft_geom::Rect;
 use photocraft_raster::{Interrupt, Surface};
 use serde_json::{Map, Value, json};
@@ -66,6 +66,8 @@ fn default_params(f: GalleryFilter) -> Map<String, Value> {
 }
 
 pub struct GalleryDialog {
+    /// Document this dialog belongs to (#5115).
+    pub document: DocId,
     pub layer: LayerId,
     layer_name: String,
     canvas: Rect,
@@ -100,6 +102,7 @@ pub struct GalleryDialog {
 impl GalleryDialog {
     pub fn describe(&self) -> Value {
         json!({
+            "document": self.document.0,
             "layer": self.layer.0,
             "effects": self.effects.iter().map(EffectLayer::to_json).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
             "selected": self.selected,
@@ -351,6 +354,7 @@ fn open_on(
     let open_cats = std::array::from_fn(|i| effects[sel].filter.category() == GALLERY_CATEGORIES[i]);
     let history = EditHistory::new(&effects);
     app.distort.gallery = Some(GalleryDialog {
+        document: st.doc.id,
         layer,
         layer_name,
         canvas,
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/lib.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/lib.rs
index 1116f4c842..cf2b581436 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/lib.rs
@@ -1499,6 +1499,7 @@ impl PhotocraftApp {
         // ... and to the document it was started on.
         crate::canvas::polygon_cancel_stale(self);
         crate::crop_ui::cancel_stale(self);
+        crate::distort_ui::cancel_stale(self);
         crate::perspective_crop_ui::cancel_stale(self);
         // A pen path under construction belongs to the document it was started on too.
         vector_ui::cancel_stale(self);
@@ -3633,10 +3634,11 @@ mod clipboard_tests {
         app
     }
 
+    /// Paste is enabled from the clipboard service alone (no read); the explicit paste imports
+    /// the OS image, once, and centres it in the view like Photoshop does for foreign clipboard
+    /// content.
     #[test]
     fn external_clipboard_enables_and_centres_paste() {
-        // Paste is enabled from the clipboard service alone (no read); the explicit paste imports
-        // the OS image, once, and centres it like Photoshop does for foreign clipboard content.
         let (os, reads) = (OsClip::default(), Arc::default());
         let mut app = app_with_os_clipboard(&os, &reads);
         *os.lock().unwrap() = Some((4, 4, [255u8, 0, 0, 255].repeat(16)));
@@ -3644,8 +3646,9 @@ mod clipboard_tests {
         assert!(crate::menus::is_enabled(&app, "edit.paste"));
         assert!(crate::menus::is_enabled(&app, "edit.pasteSpecial.pasteInPlace"));
         assert_eq!(reads.load(std::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst), 0, "enablement never reads the clipboard");
+        app.ui.views[0].center = [40.0, 20.0];
         let r = crate::menus::invoke(&mut app, &egui::Context::default(), "edit.paste", serde_json::json!({})).unwrap();
-        assert_ne!(r["offset"], serde_json::json!([0, 0]), "external image is centred: {r}");
+        assert_eq!(r["offset"], serde_json::json!([38, 18]), "external image is centred in the view: {r}");
         assert_eq!(reads.load(std::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst), 1, "one read per explicit paste");
         // Without a clipboard service Paste greys until something is copied in the app.
         let mut plain = PhotocraftApp::new(Session::new(), Services::default());
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/liquify_ui.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/liquify_ui.rs
index cf1c932518..43a792d3ff 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/liquify_ui.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/liquify_ui.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 use egui::{Align2, Color32, FontId, Pos2, Rect as ERect, Sense, Stroke, TextureHandle, pos2, vec2};
 use photocraft_algo::liquify::{LiquifyField, LiquifyStroke, LiquifyTool, ProxyImage, auto_cell};
-use photocraft_doc::{Document, LayerId};
+use photocraft_doc::{DocId, Document, LayerId};
 use photocraft_geom::Rect;
 use photocraft_raster::Surface;
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
@@ -153,6 +153,8 @@ impl LiquifyOpts {
 }
 
 pub struct LiquifyDialog {
+    /// Document this dialog belongs to (#5115).
+    pub document: DocId,
     pub layer: LayerId,
     layer_name: String,
     canvas: Rect,
@@ -219,6 +221,7 @@ fn union_rect(a: Option<Rect>, b: Rect) -> Option<Rect> {
 impl LiquifyDialog {
     pub fn describe(&self) -> Value {
         json!({
+            "document": self.document.0,
             "layer": self.layer.0,
             "tool": self.opts.tool,
             "size": self.opts.size,
@@ -529,6 +532,7 @@ fn open_on(
     let out = vec![[0u8; 4]; proxy.w * proxy.h];
     let center = [f64::from(canvas.x0 + canvas.x1) / 2.0, f64::from(canvas.y0 + canvas.y1) / 2.0];
     let mut d = LiquifyDialog {
+        document: st.doc.id,
         layer,
         layer_name: name,
         canvas,
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/new_doc_ui.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/new_doc_ui.rs
index 563a9a5fca..0fb7b7b21f 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/new_doc_ui.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/new_doc_ui.rs
@@ -583,6 +583,7 @@ pub fn body(app: &mut crate::PhotocraftApp, ui: &mut egui::Ui, f: &mut Map<Strin
                         ui.spacing_mut().item_spacing.x = 8.0;
                         for c in row {
                             let (r, resp) = ui.allocate_exact_size(card, Sense::click());
+                            let resp = resp.on_hover_cursor(egui::CursorIcon::PointingHand);
                             let (w, h, _) = c.size(&units);
                             let on = match c {
                                 Card::Builtin(p) => chosen == p.0,
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/panels.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/panels.rs
index 2d8dc5a8cd..b6bd34d9d2 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/panels.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/panels.rs
@@ -4177,9 +4177,8 @@ pub(crate) fn color_field(app: &mut PhotocraftApp, ui: &mut egui::Ui) {
         };
         ui.painter().add(color_grid(field, 16, |x, y| hsva_color32(at(x, y))));
         ui.painter().rect_stroke(field, 0.0, Stroke::new(1.0, t.separator), StrokeKind::Outside);
-        if (fresp.dragged() || fresp.clicked())
-            && let Some(p) = fresp.interact_pointer_pos()
-        {
+        let field_pick = widgets::pick_pos(&fresp);
+        if let Some(p) = field_pick {
             let x = ((p.x - field.left()) / field.width()).clamp(0.0, 1.0);
             let y = ((p.y - field.top()) / field.height()).clamp(0.0, 1.0);
             if brightness {
@@ -4200,9 +4199,8 @@ pub(crate) fn color_field(app: &mut PhotocraftApp, ui: &mut egui::Ui) {
             if brightness { egui::ecolor::Hsva::new(hsva.h, hsva.s, 1.0 - f, 1.0) } else { egui::ecolor::Hsva::new(1.0 - f, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0) }
         };
         ui.painter().add(color_grid(strip, 24, |_, y| hsva_color32(strip_at(y))));
-        if (sresp.dragged() || sresp.clicked())
-            && let Some(p) = sresp.interact_pointer_pos()
-        {
+        let strip_pick = widgets::pick_pos(&sresp);
+        if let Some(p) = strip_pick {
             let f = ((p.y - strip.top()) / strip.height()).clamp(0.0, 1.0);
             if brightness {
                 hsva.v = 1.0 - f;
@@ -4213,10 +4211,11 @@ pub(crate) fn color_field(app: &mut PhotocraftApp, ui: &mut egui::Ui) {
         let y = strip.top() + (1.0 - if brightness { hsva.v } else { hsva.h }) * strip.height();
         let tri = vec![pos2(strip.right() + 1.0, y), pos2(strip.right() + 6.0, y - 4.0), pos2(strip.right() + 6.0, y + 4.0)];
         ui.painter().add(egui::Shape::convex_polygon(tri, t.text, Stroke::NONE));
-        if fresp.dragged() || fresp.clicked() || sresp.dragged() || sresp.clicked() {
+        if field_pick.is_some() || strip_pick.is_some() {
             if bg_active {
                 app.session.tools.background = hsva_srgb(hsva);
-            } else {
+            } else if app.session.tools.foreground != hsva_srgb(hsva) {
+                // A held, unmoved press repeats the pick: restyle selected type only on a change.
                 app.session.tools.foreground = hsva_srgb(hsva);
                 crate::apply_color::foreground_changed(app, crate::apply_color::gesture(ui.ctx()));
             }
@@ -4856,6 +4855,80 @@ mod color_tests {
         }
     }
 
+    /// #7793: the Color panel's field and hue strip pick on the frame the button goes down (no
+    /// release, no time passing) and follow moves smaller than egui's 6-point click threshold.
+    #[test]
+    fn color_panel_field_and_hue_strip_pick_on_press() {
+        let mut app = PhotocraftApp::new(photocraft_engine::Session::new(), crate::Services::default());
+        app.session.tools.foreground = [0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 1.0];
+        let mut h = egui_kittest::Harness::builder().with_size(vec2(300.0, 300.0)).build_ui_state(
+            |ui, app: &mut PhotocraftApp| {
+                let at = (ui.cursor().min, ui.available_width());
+                ui.data_mut(|d| d.insert_temp(egui::Id::new("test-origin"), at));
+                color_field(app, ui);
+            },
+            app,
+        );
+        PhotocraftApp::setup_context(&h.ctx, crate::theme::ThemeKind::Studio);
+        h.run_steps(2);
+        let (o, w) = h.ctx.data(|d| d.get_temp::<(Pos2, f32)>(egui::Id::new("test-origin"))).unwrap();
+        let field_w = w - 38.0 - 14.0 - 16.0;
+        let press = |h: &mut egui_kittest::Harness<'static, PhotocraftApp>, at: Pos2, pressed: bool| {
+            h.event(egui::Event::PointerMoved(at));
+            h.event(egui::Event::PointerButton { pos: at, button: egui::PointerButton::Primary, pressed, modifiers: egui::Modifiers::NONE });
+            h.run_steps(1);
+        };
+        let at = o + vec2(38.0 + 8.0 + field_w * 0.5, 60.0);
+        press(&mut h, at, true);
+        let picked = h.state().session.tools.foreground;
+        assert_ne!(picked, [0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 1.0], "the press itself picks");
+        let hsva = srgb_hsva(picked);
+        assert!((hsva.s - 0.5).abs() < 0.03 && (hsva.v - 0.5).abs() < 0.03, "{hsva:?}");
+        h.event(egui::Event::PointerMoved(at + vec2(3.0, 0.0)));
+        h.run_steps(1);
+        assert_ne!(h.state().session.tools.foreground, picked, "a small drag adjusts the pick");
+        press(&mut h, at + vec2(3.0, 0.0), false);
+        h.run_steps(1);
+        // Hue strip: a press a third of the way down is a hue of about 240° at once.
+        let before = h.state().session.tools.foreground;
+        press(&mut h, o + vec2(38.0 + 8.0 + field_w + 8.0 + 7.0, 40.0), true);
+        let now = h.state().session.tools.foreground;
+        assert_ne!(now, before, "the strip picks on press");
+        assert!((srgb_hsva(now).h * 360.0 - 240.0).abs() < 8.0, "{:?}", srgb_hsva(now));
+    }
+
+    /// Only the primary button picks: a right or middle press (and its release) on the field or
+    /// the hue strip leaves the foreground colour alone.
+    #[test]
+    fn color_panel_ignores_secondary_and_middle_presses() {
+        let mut app = PhotocraftApp::new(photocraft_engine::Session::new(), crate::Services::default());
+        app.session.tools.foreground = [0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 1.0];
+        let mut h = egui_kittest::Harness::builder().with_size(vec2(300.0, 300.0)).build_ui_state(
+            |ui, app: &mut PhotocraftApp| {
+                let at = (ui.cursor().min, ui.available_width());
+                ui.data_mut(|d| d.insert_temp(egui::Id::new("test-origin"), at));
+                color_field(app, ui);
+            },
+            app,
+        );
+        PhotocraftApp::setup_context(&h.ctx, crate::theme::ThemeKind::Studio);
+        h.run_steps(2);
+        let (o, w) = h.ctx.data(|d| d.get_temp::<(Pos2, f32)>(egui::Id::new("test-origin"))).unwrap();
+        let field_w = w - 38.0 - 14.0 - 16.0;
+        let field = o + vec2(38.0 + 8.0 + field_w * 0.5, 60.0);
+        let strip = o + vec2(38.0 + 8.0 + field_w + 8.0 + 7.0, 40.0);
+        for at in [field, strip] {
+            for button in [egui::PointerButton::Secondary, egui::PointerButton::Middle] {
+                for pressed in [true, false] {
+                    h.event(egui::Event::PointerMoved(at));
+                    h.event(egui::Event::PointerButton { pos: at, button, pressed, modifiers: egui::Modifiers::NONE });
+                    h.run_steps(1);
+                    assert_eq!(h.state().session.tools.foreground, [0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 1.0], "{button:?} pressed={pressed} at {at:?}");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Click the hex field, select its text and type `text` one key per frame.
     fn type_hex(h: &mut egui_kittest::Harness<'static, PhotocraftApp>, text: &str) {
         use egui_kittest::kittest::Queryable;
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/perspective_crop_ui.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/perspective_crop_ui.rs
index 396fb87997..2a696bd5ed 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/perspective_crop_ui.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/perspective_crop_ui.rs
@@ -352,6 +352,36 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(ordered([[10.0, 90.0], [100.0, 5.0], [0.0, 0.0], [90.0, 100.0]]), [[0.0, 0.0], [100.0, 5.0], [90.0, 100.0], [10.0, 90.0]]);
     }
 
+    /// Clicking ⇄ in the rendered options bar swaps W and H, although Perspective Crop never sets
+    /// the Crop tool's W x H x Resolution mode (#7059).
+    #[test]
+    fn the_options_bar_swap_button_swaps_w_and_h() {
+        use egui_kittest::kittest::Queryable;
+        let doc = Document::with_background("p", Size::new(200, 150), ColorMode::Rgb, SampleType::U8, Color::WHITE);
+        let mut s = photocraft_engine::Session::new();
+        s.add_document(doc, None);
+        let mut app = PhotocraftApp::new(s, crate::Services::default());
+        app.ui.tool = Tool::PerspectiveCrop;
+        app.ui.tool_options.crop_width = "4 in".into();
+        app.ui.tool_options.crop_height = "6 in".into();
+        assert_ne!(app.ui.tool_options.crop_ratio, crate::crop_size::WHR);
+        let mut h = egui_kittest::Harness::builder().with_size(egui::vec2(1400.0, 60.0)).build_ui_state(
+            |ui, app: &mut PhotocraftApp| {
+                if !ui.ctx().fonts(|f| f.families().contains(&egui::FontFamily::Name("medium".into()))) {
+                    return;
+                }
+                crate::panels::options_bar(app, ui);
+            },
+            app,
+        );
+        PhotocraftApp::setup_context(&h.ctx, crate::theme::ThemeKind::ProMedium);
+        h.run_steps(4);
+        h.get_by_label("Swaps height and width").click();
+        h.run_steps(2);
+        let o = &h.state().ui.tool_options;
+        assert_eq!((o.crop_width.as_str(), o.crop_height.as_str()), ("6 in", "4 in"));
+    }
+
     /// The pending quad belongs to its document (#1918): switching documents drops it, so it is
     /// never drawn on the other one; on its own document it stays.
     #[test]
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/perspective_ui.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/perspective_ui.rs
index e39a791d4f..b383184975 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/perspective_ui.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/perspective_ui.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use egui::{Color32, Pos2, Stroke, TextureHandle, pos2};
 use photocraft_algo::perspective::{PerspectiveMap, Plane, Straighten, linked_corners, plane_point, straighten};
-use photocraft_doc::{Document, LayerId};
+use photocraft_doc::{DocId, Document, LayerId};
 use photocraft_geom::Rect;
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
 
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ enum Drag {
 
 pub struct PerspSession {
     pub key: u64,
+    /// Document this session belongs to (#5115).
+    pub document: DocId,
     pub layer: LayerId,
     command: String,
     bounds: Rect,
@@ -56,7 +58,7 @@ const GRID: usize = 40;
 
 impl PerspSession {
     pub fn describe(&self) -> Value {
-        json!({"layer": self.layer.0, "mode": self.mode, "planes": self.planes})
+        json!({"document": self.document.0, "layer": self.layer.0, "mode": self.mode, "planes": self.planes})
     }
 
     fn update_grid(&mut self) {
@@ -134,6 +136,7 @@ pub fn begin(app: &mut PhotocraftApp, ctx: &egui::Context, command: &str) -> Res
     let texture = ctx.load_texture(format!("persp-{key}"), crate::distort_ui::surface_image(&surface, bounds, 2048), egui::TextureOptions::LINEAR);
     let mut s = PerspSession {
         key,
+        document: st.doc.id,
         layer,
         command: command.to_string(),
         bounds,
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/puppet_ui.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/puppet_ui.rs
index 3045ca1ca6..831c8bad37 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/puppet_ui.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/puppet_ui.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use egui::{Color32, Stroke, TextureHandle, pos2, vec2};
 use photocraft_algo::puppet::{ITERATIONS, PuppetDensity, PuppetMesh, PuppetMode, PuppetPin, PuppetSolver, PuppetWarp, build_mesh};
-use photocraft_doc::{Document, LayerId};
+use photocraft_doc::{DocId, Document, LayerId};
 use photocraft_geom::Rect;
 use photocraft_raster::Surface;
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ use crate::canvas::{ToolEvent, ViewXform};
 
 pub struct PuppetSession {
     pub key: u64,
+    /// Document this session belongs to (#5115).
+    pub document: DocId,
     pub layer: LayerId,
     /// Command to commit with (`edit.puppetWarp` or `layer.smartObjects.puppetWarp`).
     command: String,
@@ -98,6 +100,7 @@ impl PuppetSession {
 
     pub fn describe(&self) -> Value {
         json!({
+            "document": self.document.0,
             "layer": self.layer.0,
             "pins": self.warp.pins,
             "mode": self.warp.mode,
@@ -202,6 +205,7 @@ pub fn begin(app: &mut PhotocraftApp, ctx: &egui::Context, command: &str) -> Res
     let texture = ctx.load_texture(format!("puppet-{key}"), img, egui::TextureOptions::LINEAR);
     let mut s = PuppetSession {
         key,
+        document: st.doc.id,
         layer,
         command: command.to_string(),
         surface,
@@ -760,10 +764,13 @@ mod tests {
         crate::distort_ui::drop_foreign(&mut app);
         assert!(app.distort.puppet.is_some());
         app.session.execute("file.new", json!({"width": 32, "height": 32, "depth": 8})).unwrap();
-        assert!(crate::distort_ui::display_doc(&app, 1).is_some());
+        let active = app.session.active_index().unwrap();
+        // The session stays until drop_foreign; the preview must not follow this document (#5115).
+        assert!(app.distort.puppet.is_some());
+        assert!(crate::distort_ui::display_doc(&app, active).is_none());
         crate::distort_ui::drop_foreign(&mut app);
         assert!(app.distort.puppet.is_none());
-        assert!(crate::distort_ui::display_doc(&app, 1).is_none());
+        assert!(crate::distort_ui::display_doc(&app, active).is_none());
         // Closing the document it was started on drops it too.
         assert!(app.session.set_active(0));
         crate::distort_ui::menu(&mut app, &ctx, "edit.puppetWarp", &json!({})).unwrap().unwrap();
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/shortcuts.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/shortcuts.rs
index 3300b9d92e..023bbb4d79 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/shortcuts.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/shortcuts.rs
@@ -459,6 +459,7 @@ pub fn handle(app: &mut PhotocraftApp, ctx: &egui::Context) {
     // Liquify is a full-window custom dialog with focusable sliders. egui can therefore claim
     // keyboard input before the distortion-mode handler below runs. Give Liquify's local
     // shortcuts first refusal (Undo, brush size, tool keys), but never steal keys from text edits.
+    crate::distort_ui::cancel_stale(app);
     if app.distort.liquify.is_some() {
         // Undo and redo still apply while a numeric field (Size, Pressure, …) has focus.
         // Other Liquify keys must not steal characters from that field (#4027).
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/vp_ui.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/vp_ui.rs
index 3034c1c5f2..61ad0a4425 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/vp_ui.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/vp_ui.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 use egui::{Color32, Pos2, Stroke, TextureHandle, pos2};
 use photocraft_algo::transform::Homography;
 use photocraft_algo::vanishing::{PlaneCheck, Scene, VpPlane};
-use photocraft_doc::{LayerContent, LayerId};
+use photocraft_doc::{DocId, LayerContent, LayerId};
 use photocraft_engine::vp_cmds::VP;
 use photocraft_geom::Rect;
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ struct Clip {
 }
 
 pub struct VpSession {
+    /// Document this session belongs to (#5115).
+    pub document: DocId,
     pub layer: LayerId,
     canvas: Rect,
     pub planes: Vec<VpPlane>,
@@ -80,6 +82,7 @@ impl VpSession {
         let center = self.center();
         let planes: Vec<Value> = self.planes.iter().map(|p| json!({"corners": p.corners, "check": p.check(center)})).collect();
         json!({
+            "document": self.document.0,
             "layer": self.layer.0,
             "tool": self.tool,
             "planes": planes,
@@ -310,6 +313,7 @@ pub fn begin(app: &mut PhotocraftApp, ctx: &egui::Context) -> Result<(), String>
         })
     });
     app.distort.vanishing = Some(VpSession {
+        document: st.doc.id,
         layer,
         canvas,
         planes: Vec::new(),
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/widgets.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/widgets.rs
index ad5cba2105..1210c6c804 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/widgets.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/widgets.rs
@@ -3001,6 +3001,16 @@ pub(crate) fn color_swatch(ui: &mut Ui, color: Color32) -> Response {
     ui.painter().rect_stroke(rect, t.radius_sm, Stroke::new(1.0, t.field_border), StrokeKind::Inside);
     response
 }
+/// Where a press or drag on a picking surface (a colour field, a hue strip) points, from the
+/// frame the button goes down and on every move after it. `dragged()` waits for egui's click
+/// threshold (a few points of travel, or a long hold), so a press picked nothing until the
+/// pointer had moved away and fine adjustments jumped (#7793). Only the primary button picks:
+/// `is_pointer_button_down_on` is true for any button, so a right or middle press is ignored.
+pub fn pick_pos(resp: &Response) -> Option<Pos2> {
+    let held = resp.is_pointer_button_down_on()
+        && resp.ctx.input(|i| i.pointer.primary_down() && !i.pointer.button_down(egui::PointerButton::Secondary) && !i.pointer.middle_down());
+    if held || resp.clicked() { resp.interact_pointer_pos() } else { None }
+}
 /// A colour swatch that only reports clicks (no popup): for colours edited in PhotoCraft's own
 /// Color Picker dialog. `label` names it for hover text and accessibility.
 pub fn color_swatch_button(ui: &mut Ui, color: Color32, label: &str) -> Response {
diff --git a/docs/control-protocol.md b/docs/control-protocol.md
index 6d8b00a805..77edb5e4d0 100644
--- a/docs/control-protocol.md
+++ b/docs/control-protocol.md
@@ -376,6 +376,11 @@ capability interface. Interactive desktop file pickers retain normal user-select
 
 ## Headless server
 
+An unused TCP headless server exits after 30 minutes without a client connection, releasing
+its listening port so a later session can reuse it (#3682). An active connection prevents
+idle shutdown, including during a long command. Clients should reconnect by restarting
+`photocraft-cli serve` if they need a server after the idle deadline.
+
 `photocraft-cli serve` keeps one headless engine session (no window, no GPU) and answers the same
 JSON-lines envelope on stdio, or on `127.0.0.1:<port>` with `--port <port>` (loopback only; each
 authenticated connection shares the session). TCP uses the same first-frame `auth` exchange and