diff --git a/crates/cos/src/budget.rs b/crates/cos/src/budget.rs
index 35319f13b..cf1c3fc2a 100644
--- a/crates/cos/src/budget.rs
+++ b/crates/cos/src/budget.rs
@@ -53,10 +53,20 @@ impl DecodeBudget {
     /// `stream` decoded like [`Stream::decoded`], charged to the allowance. Fails, without
     /// decoding, once the allowance is spent.
     pub fn decode(&mut self, stream: &Stream) -> Result<Vec<u8>, CosError> {
+        self.charge(stream, Stream::decoded_within_typed)
+    }
+
+    /// `stream` decoded like [`Stream::decoded_strict`] (any corruption is an error), charged to
+    /// the allowance.
+    pub fn decode_strict(&mut self, stream: &Stream) -> Result<Vec<u8>, CosError> {
+        self.charge(stream, Stream::decoded_strict_within_typed)
+    }
+
+    fn charge(&mut self, stream: &Stream, decode: fn(&Stream, usize) -> Result<Vec<u8>, FilterError>) -> Result<Vec<u8>, CosError> {
         if self.bytes == 0 && !stream.raw.is_empty() {
             return Err(CosError::Filter(FilterError::LimitExceeded(self.limit).to_string()));
         }
-        match stream.decoded_within_typed(self.bytes) {
+        match decode(stream, self.bytes) {
             Ok(data) => {
                 self.bytes = self.bytes.saturating_sub(data.len());
                 Ok(data)
@@ -127,6 +137,10 @@ mod tests {
         let mut budget = DecodeBudget::new((1 << 20) - 1, 1);
         assert!(budget.decode_contents(&doc, &contents).iter().all(Result::is_err));
         assert_eq!(budget.remaining(), 0);
+        let mut budget = DecodeBudget::new((1 << 20) - 1, 1);
+        let Object::Stream(stream) = &*doc.get(bomb) else { panic!("not a stream") };
+        assert!(budget.decode_strict(stream).is_err());
+        assert_eq!(budget.remaining(), 0);
 
         assert!(budget.enter_form());
         assert!(!budget.enter_form());
diff --git a/crates/cos/src/object.rs b/crates/cos/src/object.rs
index fe33388be..9a07d4822 100644
--- a/crates/cos/src/object.rs
+++ b/crates/cos/src/object.rs
@@ -223,21 +223,24 @@ impl Stream {
         let max = max.min(MAX_DECODED);
         let chain = self.filters();
         if chain.is_empty() {
-            if self.raw.len() > max {
-                return Err(pdfcraft_filters::FilterError::LimitExceeded(max));
-            }
-            return Ok(self.raw.to_vec());
+            return self.raw_within_typed(max);
         }
         pdfcraft_filters::decode_tolerant(&chain, &self.raw, max).map(|(v, _)| v)
     }
 
     /// Decoded data, bounded by [`MAX_DECODED`]; any corruption is an error.
     pub fn decoded_strict(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>, CosError> {
+        self.decoded_strict_within_typed(MAX_DECODED).map_err(|e| CosError::Filter(e.to_string()))
+    }
+
+    /// [`Stream::decoded_strict`] bounded by `max`, with the filter error kept typed.
+    pub(crate) fn decoded_strict_within_typed(&self, max: usize) -> Result<Vec<u8>, pdfcraft_filters::FilterError> {
+        let max = max.min(MAX_DECODED);
         let chain = self.filters();
         if chain.is_empty() {
-            return self.raw_within(MAX_DECODED);
+            return self.raw_within_typed(max);
         }
-        pdfcraft_filters::decode(&chain, &self.raw, MAX_DECODED).map_err(|e| CosError::Filter(e.to_string()))
+        pdfcraft_filters::decode(&chain, &self.raw, max)
     }
 
     /// Data after the first filter alone, bounded by `max`: the rest of the chain stays encoded.
@@ -252,11 +255,15 @@ impl Stream {
     }
 
     fn raw_within(&self, max: usize) -> Result<Vec<u8>, CosError> {
+        self.raw_within_typed(max).map_err(|e| CosError::Filter(e.to_string()))
+    }
+
+    fn raw_within_typed(&self, max: usize) -> Result<Vec<u8>, pdfcraft_filters::FilterError> {
         let max = max.min(MAX_DECODED);
         // An empty decoder chain still produces an owned output buffer: check its limit
         // before cloning, including streams whose /Crypt filter was applied on load.
         if self.raw.len() > max {
-            return Err(CosError::Filter(pdfcraft_filters::FilterError::LimitExceeded(max).to_string()));
+            return Err(pdfcraft_filters::FilterError::LimitExceeded(max));
         }
         Ok(self.raw.to_vec())
     }