diff --git a/crates/cos/src/document/objects.rs b/crates/cos/src/document/objects.rs
index e7d7255306..fb20b50cf1 100644
--- a/crates/cos/src/document/objects.rs
+++ b/crates/cos/src/document/objects.rs
@@ -162,18 +162,20 @@ impl Document {
     /// an indirect dictionary resolved, and of an array (itself perhaps indirect), the entries at
     /// the filters' places (`/Crypt` counts, ISO 32000-2 §7.4.1) resolved, the rest dropped. Of
     /// each dictionary only the entries the decoders read are kept, numbers and flags given by
-    /// reference (`/Predictor 7 0 R`) resolved; `/JBIG2Globals` stays a reference. `s` itself
-    /// when none of those is indirect, or when the chain is longer than any decoder takes
+    /// reference (`/Predictor 7 0 R`) resolved; `/JBIG2Globals` stays a reference. A `/Crypt`
+    /// entry, which no decoder reads ([`Stream::filters`] leaves it out), is null. `s` itself
+    /// when none of those is indirect, or when the other filters are more than any decoder takes
     /// ([`pdfcraft_filters::MAX_CHAIN`]). Only small values are copied, so a file can't have a
     /// large object copied once for each key and filter.
     pub fn with_direct_parms<'s>(&self, s: &'s Stream) -> Cow<'s, Stream> {
         let Some(p) = s.dict.get(b"DecodeParms") else { return Cow::Borrowed(s) };
-        let filters = match s.dict.get(b"Filter") {
-            Some(Object::Array(a)) => a.len(),
-            Some(_) => 1,
-            None => 0,
+        let crypt = |f: &Object| matches!(f.as_name(), Some(b"Crypt"));
+        let filters: Vec<bool> = match s.dict.get(b"Filter") {
+            Some(Object::Array(a)) => a.iter().map(crypt).collect(),
+            Some(f) => vec![crypt(f)],
+            None => Vec::new(),
         };
-        if filters > pdfcraft_filters::MAX_CHAIN {
+        if filters.iter().filter(|c| !**c).count() > pdfcraft_filters::MAX_CHAIN {
             return Cow::Borrowed(s);
         }
         let mut changed = matches!(p, Object::Ref(_));
@@ -196,7 +198,9 @@ impl Document {
             Object::Dict(made)
         };
         let made = match &*self.held(p) {
-            Object::Array(a) => Object::Array(a.get(..filters.min(a.len())).unwrap_or_default().iter().map(|e| one(e, &mut changed)).collect()),
+            Object::Array(a) => {
+                Object::Array(a.iter().zip(&filters).map(|(e, crypt)| if *crypt { Object::Null } else { one(e, &mut changed) }).collect())
+            }
             _ => one(p, &mut changed),
         };
         if !changed {
diff --git a/crates/cos/src/document/tests.rs b/crates/cos/src/document/tests.rs
index edbd68f562..d8d75c4af1 100644
--- a/crates/cos/src/document/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/cos/src/document/tests.rs
@@ -58,6 +58,25 @@ fn decode_parms_given_by_reference_are_read_once_direct() {
     assert_eq!(made.dict.get(b"DecodeParms").and_then(Object::as_array).map(Vec::len), Some(1));
     let long = stream(pdfcraft_filters::MAX_CHAIN + 1, Object::Array(vec![Object::Ref(r); 9]));
     assert!(matches!(doc.with_direct_parms(&long), Cow::Borrowed(_)));
+    // A chain as long as a decoder takes is resolved, and a `/Crypt` in it doesn't count, as
+    // the decoders leave it out: ASCIIHex as often as the limit allows, then the predictor's
+    // Flate, its parameters by reference.
+    let hex = |b: &[u8]| b.iter().flat_map(|x| format!("{x:02X}").into_bytes()).chain(*b">").collect::<Vec<u8>>();
+    let wrapped = (1..pdfcraft_filters::MAX_CHAIN).fold(coded.clone(), |data, _| hex(&data));
+    for crypt in [false, true] {
+        let mut names = vec![Object::name("ASCIIHexDecode"); pdfcraft_filters::MAX_CHAIN - 1];
+        names.push(Object::name("FlateDecode"));
+        if crypt {
+            names.insert(0, Object::name("Crypt"));
+        }
+        let mut entries = vec![Object::Null; names.len() - 1];
+        entries.push(Object::Ref(r));
+        let mut d = Dict::new();
+        d.set(b"Filter".to_vec(), Object::Array(names));
+        d.set(b"DecodeParms".to_vec(), Object::Array(entries));
+        let s = Stream::from_raw(d, wrapped.clone());
+        assert_eq!(doc.with_direct_parms(&s).decoded().unwrap(), rows, "with /Crypt: {crypt}");
+    }
 }
 
 #[test]