diff --git a/crates/edit/src/images.rs b/crates/edit/src/images.rs
index e90d8e4f1..2b55bd090 100644
--- a/crates/edit/src/images.rs
+++ b/crates/edit/src/images.rs
@@ -108,6 +108,67 @@ fn xobjects(doc: &Document, page: &Dict) -> Dict {
         .unwrap_or_default()
 }
 
+/// Whether a page resource name is used by the page or by a reachable Form that inherits the
+/// page's resources. A Form with its own `/Resources` has an independent namespace; forms without
+/// one inherit the caller's. On an unreadable or over-budget Form, preserve the resource.
+fn resource_used_by_inheriting_forms(doc: &Document, ops: &[Op], resources: &Dict, name: &[u8], budget: &mut usize) -> bool {
+    fn walk(
+        doc: &Document,
+        ops: &[Op],
+        resources: &Dict,
+        name: &[u8],
+        depth: usize,
+        budget: &mut usize,
+        path: &mut std::collections::HashSet<ObjRef>,
+    ) -> bool {
+        if depth > 32 || *budget == 0 {
+            return true;
+        }
+        let xo = resources.get(b"XObject").map(|x| doc.resolve(x)).and_then(|x| x.as_dict().cloned()).unwrap_or_default();
+        for op in ops.iter().filter(|op| op.is("Do")) {
+            let Some(call_name) = op.name(0) else {
+                continue;
+            };
+            if call_name == name {
+                return true;
+            }
+            let Some(resource) = xo.get(call_name) else {
+                continue;
+            };
+            let resolved = doc.resolve(resource);
+            let Object::Stream(stream) = &*resolved else {
+                continue;
+            };
+            let Some(reference) = resource.as_ref() else {
+                if stream.dict.name(b"Subtype") == Some(b"Form") && !stream.dict.contains(b"Resources") {
+                    return true;
+                }
+                continue;
+            };
+            if stream.dict.name(b"Subtype") != Some(b"Form") || stream.dict.contains(b"Resources") {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if !path.insert(reference) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            *budget -= 1;
+            let decoded = match stream.decoded() {
+                Ok(decoded) => decoded,
+                Err(_) => return true,
+            };
+            let nested_ops = parse(&decoded).ops;
+            let used = walk(doc, &nested_ops, resources, name, depth + 1, budget, path);
+            path.remove(&reference);
+            if used {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        false
+    }
+
+    walk(doc, ops, resources, name, 0, budget, &mut std::collections::HashSet::new())
+}
+
 fn intersection(a: [f64; 4], b: [f64; 4]) -> Option<[f64; 4]> {
     let r = [a[0].max(b[0]), a[1].max(b[1]), a[2].min(b[2]), a[3].min(b[3])];
     (r.iter().all(|v| v.is_finite()) && r[2] > r[0] && r[3] > r[1]).then_some(r)
@@ -461,6 +522,8 @@ pub fn change_image(doc: &mut Document, page: usize, index: usize, change: &Imag
     if !ops.get(img.op).is_some_and(|op| op.is("Do")) {
         return Err(EditError::Invalid("the image operation is missing".into()));
     }
+    let old_name = ops.get(img.op).and_then(|op| op.name(0)).map(<[u8]>::to_vec);
+    let old_object = img.object;
     let mut resources = None;
     let replacement: Vec<Op> = match change {
         ImageChange::Delete => Vec::new(),
@@ -486,6 +549,47 @@ pub fn change_image(doc: &mut Document, page: usize, index: usize, change: &Imag
         }
     };
     let changed = crate::text::splice(&pieces, &ops, |index| if index == img.op { (replacement.clone(), false) } else { (Vec::new(), true) });
+    if let Some(old_name) = old_name.as_deref() {
+        let rewritten = Pieces::join(&changed.iter().map(Vec::as_slice).collect::<Vec<_>>());
+        let rewritten_ops = rewritten.parse().ops;
+        let current_resources = resources
+            .as_ref()
+            .cloned()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| p.dict.get(b"Resources").map(|x| doc.resolve(x)).and_then(|x| x.as_dict().cloned()).unwrap_or_default());
+        let xo = current_resources.get(b"XObject").map(|x| doc.resolve(x)).and_then(|x| x.as_dict().cloned()).unwrap_or_default();
+        let mut aliases = Vec::new();
+        for (resource_name, value) in xo.iter() {
+            let matches_object = old_object.is_some() && value.as_ref() == old_object;
+            if matches_object || resource_name.as_slice() == old_name {
+                if aliases.len() >= 256 {
+                    return Err(EditError::Invalid("the image has too many resource aliases to update safely".into()));
+                }
+                aliases.push(resource_name.clone());
+            }
+        }
+        if aliases.is_empty() {
+            aliases.push(old_name.to_vec());
+        }
+        let mut unused = Vec::new();
+        let mut form_scan_budget = 4096;
+        for resource_name in aliases {
+            let used_on_page = rewritten_ops.iter().any(|op| op.is("Do") && op.name(0) == Some(resource_name.as_slice()));
+            let used_in_form =
+                !used_on_page && resource_used_by_inheriting_forms(doc, &rewritten_ops, &current_resources, &resource_name, &mut form_scan_budget);
+            if !used_on_page && !used_in_form {
+                unused.push(resource_name);
+            }
+        }
+        if !unused.is_empty() {
+            let mut res = resources.take().unwrap_or(current_resources);
+            let mut xo = res.get(b"XObject").map(|x| doc.resolve(x)).and_then(|x| x.as_dict().cloned()).unwrap_or_default();
+            for resource_name in &unused {
+                xo.remove(resource_name);
+            }
+            res.set(b"XObject".to_vec(), Object::Dict(xo));
+            resources = Some(res);
+        }
+    }
     let contents = crate::text::rewritten_contents(doc, &all, changed);
     doc.update_dict(p.obj, |d| {
         d.set(b"Contents".to_vec(), contents);
diff --git a/crates/edit/src/tests.rs b/crates/edit/src/tests.rs
index 879ebc6c6..4f717c83f 100644
--- a/crates/edit/src/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/edit/src/tests.rs
@@ -2133,6 +2133,170 @@ fn page_images_move_turn_replace_and_delete() {
     assert!(images::change_image(&mut doc, 0, 0, &images::ImageChange::Delete).is_err());
 }
 
+fn identifiable_test_image(bytes: &[u8]) -> Stream {
+    let mut d = Dict::new();
+    for (k, v) in [
+        (&b"Type"[..], Object::name("XObject")),
+        (b"Subtype", Object::name("Image")),
+        (b"Width", Object::Int(4)),
+        (b"Height", Object::Int(2)),
+        (b"ColorSpace", Object::name("DeviceGray")),
+        (b"BitsPerComponent", Object::Int(8)),
+    ] {
+        d.set(k.to_vec(), v);
+    }
+    Stream::from_raw(d, bytes.to_vec())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn deleting_or_replacing_an_image_unlinks_its_unreferenced_resource_on_full_save() {
+    const OLD: &[u8] = b"PRIVATE_IMAGE_BYTES_3499";
+    const NEW: &[u8] = b"PUBLIC_IMAGE_BYTES_3511";
+
+    let mut deleted = image_page();
+    let old = images::page_images(&deleted, 0).unwrap()[0].object.unwrap();
+    deleted.set(old, Object::Stream(identifiable_test_image(OLD)));
+    images::change_image(&mut deleted, 0, 0, &images::ImageChange::Delete).unwrap();
+    let bytes = write_full(&deleted, &SaveOptions::default()).unwrap();
+    assert!(!bytes.windows(OLD.len()).any(|w| w == OLD), "deleted image data survived the full save");
+    let saved = Document::open(Arc::new(bytes)).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(xobject(&saved, 0, b"Im0"), None, "deleted resource remains reachable from the page");
+
+    let mut replaced = image_page();
+    let old = images::page_images(&replaced, 0).unwrap()[0].object.unwrap();
+    replaced.set(old, Object::Stream(identifiable_test_image(OLD)));
+    let new = replaced.add(Object::Stream(identifiable_test_image(NEW)));
+    images::change_image(&mut replaced, 0, 0, &images::ImageChange::Replace(new)).unwrap();
+    let bytes = write_full(&replaced, &SaveOptions::default()).unwrap();
+    assert!(!bytes.windows(OLD.len()).any(|w| w == OLD), "replaced image data survived the full save");
+    assert!(bytes.windows(NEW.len()).any(|w| w == NEW), "replacement image data is missing");
+    let saved = Document::open(Arc::new(bytes)).unwrap();
+    let images = images::page_images(&saved, 0).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(images.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(images[0].name, format!("PCImg{}", new.num));
+    assert!(images[0].object.is_some());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn deleting_one_of_two_placements_keeps_the_resource_still_in_use() {
+    let mut doc = image_page_with("q 200 0 0 100 100 100 cm /Im0 Do Q q 200 0 0 100 300 100 cm /Im0 Do Q");
+    images::change_image(&mut doc, 0, 0, &images::ImageChange::Delete).unwrap();
+    let saved = Document::open(Arc::new(write_full(&doc, &SaveOptions::default()).unwrap())).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(images::page_images(&saved, 0).unwrap().len(), 1);
+    assert!(xobject(&saved, 0, b"Im0").is_some());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn deleting_a_page_image_keeps_it_when_a_nested_resource_less_form_inherits_it() {
+    const PRIVATE: &[u8] = b"PRIVATE_NESTED_FORM_IMAGE";
+    let mut doc = image_page_with("q 200 0 0 100 100 100 cm /Im0 Do Q /Bare Do");
+    let image = images::page_images(&doc, 0).unwrap()[0].object.unwrap();
+    doc.set(image, Object::Stream(identifiable_test_image(PRIVATE)));
+
+    let mut form = Dict::new();
+    form.set(b"Subtype".to_vec(), Object::name("Form"));
+    form.set(b"BBox".to_vec(), Object::Array([0, 0, 300, 300].map(Object::Int).to_vec()));
+    let inner = doc.add(Object::Stream(Stream::flate(form.clone(), b"/Im0 Do")));
+    let outer = doc.add(Object::Stream(Stream::flate(form, b"/Inner Do")));
+    let page = pdfcraft_model::pages(&doc)[0].obj;
+    let mut resources = doc.get(page).as_dict().unwrap().get(b"Resources").and_then(Object::as_dict).cloned().unwrap();
+    let mut xobjects = resources.get(b"XObject").and_then(Object::as_dict).cloned().unwrap();
+    xobjects.set(b"Inner".to_vec(), Object::Ref(inner));
+    xobjects.set(b"Bare".to_vec(), Object::Ref(outer));
+    resources.set(b"XObject".to_vec(), Object::Dict(xobjects));
+    let contents = doc.add(Object::Stream(Stream::flate(Dict::new(), b"q 200 0 0 100 100 100 cm /Im0 Do Q /Bare Do")));
+    doc.update_dict(page, |d| {
+        d.set(b"Resources".to_vec(), Object::Dict(resources));
+        d.set(b"Contents".to_vec(), Object::Ref(contents));
+    })
+    .unwrap();
+
+    images::change_image(&mut doc, 0, 0, &images::ImageChange::Delete).unwrap();
+    let bytes = write_full(&doc, &SaveOptions::default()).unwrap();
+    assert!(bytes.windows(PRIVATE.len()).any(|w| w == PRIVATE), "the nested form's image was lost");
+    let saved = Document::open(Arc::new(bytes)).unwrap();
+    assert!(xobject(&saved, 0, b"Im0").is_some(), "the page resource inherited by the Form was removed");
+    assert_eq!(images::reading_images(&saved, 0).unwrap().len(), 1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn deleting_one_page_image_detaches_inherited_resources_without_changing_sibling_pages() {
+    const SHARED: &[u8] = b"SHARED_INHERITED_IMAGE";
+    let mut doc = fixture();
+    let image = doc.add(Object::Stream(identifiable_test_image(SHARED)));
+    doc.update_dict(pdfcraft_cos::ObjRef::new(6, 0), |d| {
+        let mut xobjects = Dict::new();
+        xobjects.set(b"Im0".to_vec(), Object::Ref(image));
+        d.set(b"XObject".to_vec(), Object::Dict(xobjects));
+    })
+    .unwrap();
+    doc.set(pdfcraft_cos::ObjRef::new(7, 0), Object::Stream(Stream::flate(Dict::new(), b"/Im0 Do")));
+    assert_eq!(images::page_images(&doc, 0).unwrap().len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(images::page_images(&doc, 1).unwrap().len(), 1);
+
+    images::change_image(&mut doc, 0, 0, &images::ImageChange::Delete).unwrap();
+    let saved = Document::open(Arc::new(write_full(&doc, &SaveOptions::default()).unwrap())).unwrap();
+    assert!(images::page_images(&saved, 0).unwrap().is_empty());
+    assert_eq!(images::page_images(&saved, 1).unwrap().len(), 1);
+    assert!(xobject(&saved, 0, b"Im0").is_none());
+    assert!(xobject(&saved, 1, b"Im0").is_some());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn replacing_an_image_with_the_same_object_keeps_the_replacement_reachable() {
+    const SAME: &[u8] = b"SAME_IMAGE_OBJECT";
+    let mut doc = image_page();
+    let image = images::page_images(&doc, 0).unwrap()[0].object.unwrap();
+    doc.set(image, Object::Stream(identifiable_test_image(SAME)));
+    images::change_image(&mut doc, 0, 0, &images::ImageChange::Replace(image)).unwrap();
+    let bytes = write_full(&doc, &SaveOptions::default()).unwrap();
+    assert!(bytes.windows(SAME.len()).any(|w| w == SAME));
+    let saved = Document::open(Arc::new(bytes)).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(images::page_images(&saved, 0).unwrap().len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(images::page_images(&saved, 0).unwrap()[0].name, format!("PCImg{}", image.num));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn deleting_an_image_prunes_unused_aliases_but_keeps_aliases_still_drawn() {
+    const ALIASED: &[u8] = b"ALIASED_IMAGE_BYTES";
+    let mut doc = image_page();
+    let image = images::page_images(&doc, 0).unwrap()[0].object.unwrap();
+    doc.set(image, Object::Stream(identifiable_test_image(ALIASED)));
+    let page = pdfcraft_model::pages(&doc)[0].obj;
+    doc.update_dict(page, |d| {
+        let mut resources = d.get(b"Resources").and_then(Object::as_dict).cloned().unwrap();
+        let mut xobjects = resources.get(b"XObject").and_then(Object::as_dict).cloned().unwrap();
+        xobjects.set(b"UnusedAlias".to_vec(), Object::Ref(image));
+        resources.set(b"XObject".to_vec(), Object::Dict(xobjects));
+        d.set(b"Resources".to_vec(), Object::Dict(resources));
+    })
+    .unwrap();
+    images::change_image(&mut doc, 0, 0, &images::ImageChange::Delete).unwrap();
+    let bytes = write_full(&doc, &SaveOptions::default()).unwrap();
+    assert!(!bytes.windows(ALIASED.len()).any(|w| w == ALIASED), "an unused alias kept the deleted image reachable");
+    let saved = Document::open(Arc::new(bytes)).unwrap();
+    assert!(xobject(&saved, 0, b"Im0").is_none());
+    assert!(xobject(&saved, 0, b"UnusedAlias").is_none());
+
+    let mut doc = image_page_with("q 200 0 0 100 100 100 cm /Im0 Do Q /Alias Do");
+    let image = images::page_images(&doc, 0).unwrap()[0].object.unwrap();
+    doc.set(image, Object::Stream(identifiable_test_image(ALIASED)));
+    let page = pdfcraft_model::pages(&doc)[0].obj;
+    doc.update_dict(page, |d| {
+        let mut resources = d.get(b"Resources").and_then(Object::as_dict).cloned().unwrap();
+        let mut xobjects = resources.get(b"XObject").and_then(Object::as_dict).cloned().unwrap();
+        xobjects.set(b"Alias".to_vec(), Object::Ref(image));
+        resources.set(b"XObject".to_vec(), Object::Dict(xobjects));
+        d.set(b"Resources".to_vec(), Object::Dict(resources));
+    })
+    .unwrap();
+    images::change_image(&mut doc, 0, 0, &images::ImageChange::Delete).unwrap();
+    let saved = Document::open(Arc::new(write_full(&doc, &SaveOptions::default()).unwrap())).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(images::page_images(&saved, 0).unwrap().len(), 1);
+    assert!(xobject(&saved, 0, b"Im0").is_none());
+    assert!(xobject(&saved, 0, b"Alias").is_some());
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn form_artwork_edits_only_the_selected_placement() {
     let mut doc = fixture(); // three pages share resources; pages 0 and 1 also share contents