diff --git a/crates/crypt/src/lib.rs b/crates/crypt/src/lib.rs
index fd600cb9a..82b598688 100644
--- a/crates/crypt/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/crypt/src/lib.rs
@@ -203,8 +203,22 @@ impl SecurityHandler {
         self.recovered_user.clone()
     }
 
+    /// For R5/R6, `/P` is stored in clear and again in `/Perms`, encrypted with the file key
+    /// (Algorithm 13). Where the two differ, a permission counts only when both grant it, so an
+    /// edited `/P` grants nothing extra. Without a readable `/Perms`, `/P` applies as before.
     pub fn permissions(&self) -> Permissions {
-        Permissions { bits: self.dict.p, owner: self.auth == Auth::Owner }
+        let bits = self.perms_p().map_or(self.dict.p, |p| self.dict.p & p);
+        Permissions { bits, owner: self.auth == Auth::Owner }
+    }
+
+    /// `/P` as `/Perms` holds it: AES-256 ECB of one block (= CBC with a zero IV), marked `adb`.
+    fn perms_p(&self) -> Option<i32> {
+        if !matches!(self.dict.r, 5 | 6) {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let plain = aes_cbc_decrypt(&self.key, &[0; 16], self.dict.perms.first_chunk::<16>()?, false);
+        let p = i32::from_le_bytes(*plain.first_chunk::<4>()?);
+        (plain.get(9..12) == Some(&b"adb"[..])).then_some(p)
     }
 
     pub fn dict(&self) -> &EncryptDict {
diff --git a/crates/crypt/src/tests.rs b/crates/crypt/src/tests.rs
index 7272af9ea..5110e7999 100644
--- a/crates/crypt/src/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/crypt/src/tests.rs
@@ -212,6 +212,28 @@ fn permission_bits_follow_table_22() {
     assert!(p.modify(), "owners ignore /P");
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn perms_limits_what_an_edited_p_grants() {
+    let made = new(Algorithm::Aes256, "user pw", "owner pw", 0b0100); // print only
+    let open = |d: &EncryptDict, pw| SecurityHandler::open(d.clone(), ID, Some(pw)).unwrap().permissions();
+    let mut d = made.dict().clone();
+    assert_eq!(open(&d, "user pw").bits, d.p, "/P and /Perms agree");
+    d.p = -4; // /P edited to allow everything, /Perms as written
+    let p = open(&d, "user pw");
+    assert!(p.print() && !p.modify() && !p.copy() && !p.annotate() && !p.fill_forms() && !p.assemble());
+    assert!(open(&d, "owner pw").modify(), "owners ignore /P");
+    d.p = -3904; // a stricter /P still applies
+    assert!(!open(&d, "user pw").print());
+    // No /Perms, or one that does not decrypt to an `adb` block: /P as before.
+    for perms in [Vec::new(), vec![0; 16], made.dict().perms[..15].to_vec()] {
+        let d = EncryptDict { p: -4, perms, ..made.dict().clone() };
+        assert!(open(&d, "user pw").modify());
+    }
+    // R2 to R4 have no /Perms: /P is part of their file key, so an edited /P does not open.
+    let d = EncryptDict { p: -4, ..new(Algorithm::Aes128, "user pw", "owner pw", 0b0100).dict().clone() };
+    assert_eq!(SecurityHandler::open(d, ID, Some("user pw")).unwrap_err(), CryptError::WrongPassword);
+}
+
 proptest::proptest! {
     #[test]
     fn malformed_dictionaries_never_panic(o in proptest::collection::vec(proptest::num::u8::ANY, 0..60),
diff --git a/parity/acrobat-features.toml b/parity/acrobat-features.toml
index 412928125..5e05f15e3 100644
--- a/parity/acrobat-features.toml
+++ b/parity/acrobat-features.toml
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ milestone = "M1"
 status = "shipped"
 commands = []
 tools = []
-evidence = ["crates/ui-egui/tests/editing.rs::restricted_documents_show_a_notice_and_block_page_changes", "crates/crypt/src/tests.rs::permission_bits_follow_table_22", "crates/engine/src/tests.rs::combining_protected_files_is_refused_clearly"]
+evidence = ["crates/ui-egui/tests/editing.rs::restricted_documents_show_a_notice_and_block_page_changes", "crates/crypt/src/tests.rs::permission_bits_follow_table_22", "crates/crypt/src/tests.rs::perms_limits_what_an_edited_p_grants", "crates/engine/src/tests.rs::combining_protected_files_is_refused_clearly"]
 notes = ""
 
 [[feature]]