diff --git a/crates/render/src/raster.rs b/crates/render/src/raster.rs
index 5bc9a262e..6907febe8 100644
--- a/crates/render/src/raster.rs
+++ b/crates/render/src/raster.rs
@@ -7316,6 +7316,38 @@ trailer << /Root 1 0 R >>
         assert_eq!(px(75, 50), vec![255, 255, 255, 255], "outside the mask");
     }
 
+    /// Issue #3176: `CA` / `ca` belong to the graphics state at paint time, so a `gs` after
+    /// `SCN` / `scn` still fades a shading pattern, and a stroke takes the stroke alpha. The
+    /// pattern took the fill alpha current at `scn`/`SCN`, so both shapes came out opaque.
+    #[test]
+    fn shading_pattern_uses_the_alpha_current_at_paint_time() {
+        let content = "/Pattern CS /P0 SCN /S1 gs 10 w 0 75 m 100 75 l S /Pattern cs /P0 scn /F1 gs 0 0 100 50 re f";
+        let pdf = format!(
+            "%PDF-1.7
+1 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 2 0 R >> endobj
+2 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Kids [3 0 R] /Count 1 >> endobj
+3 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 2 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 100 100] /Contents 4 0 R
+  /Resources << /ExtGState << /S1 << /CA 0.25 >> /F1 << /ca 0.25 >> >> /Pattern << /P0 5 0 R >> >> >> endobj
+4 0 obj << /Length {} >> stream
+{content}
+endstream endobj
+5 0 obj << /PatternType 2 /Shading << /ShadingType 2 /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB /Coords [0 0 100 0] /Extend [true true]
+  /Function << /FunctionType 2 /Domain [0 1] /C0 [1 0 0] /C1 [1 0 0] /N 1 >> >> >> endobj
+trailer << /Root 1 0 R >>
+%%EOF",
+            content.len()
+        );
+        let mut r = PageRenderer::new(Arc::new(pdf.into_bytes()), RenderConfig::default());
+        let p = r.render(RenderRequest { page: 0, kind: RequestKind::Pixels, tile: None, scale: 1.0, tag: 0, ..Default::default() });
+        assert!(p.error.is_none(), "{:?}", p.error);
+        let px = |x: u32, y: u32| p.rgba[((y * p.width + x) * 4) as usize..][..4].to_vec();
+        // Red at 25% over white is about (255, 191, 191); opaque red would be (255, 0, 0).
+        for (what, x, y) in [("the stroke under /CA 0.25", 50, 25), ("the fill under /ca 0.25", 50, 75)] {
+            let c = px(x, y);
+            assert!(c[0] >= 250 && (185..=197).contains(&c[1]) && (185..=197).contains(&c[2]), "{what}: {c:?}");
+        }
+    }
+
     /// ISO 32000-2 §8.5.4: `W` / `W*` clip with the current path once whichever path-painting
     /// operator ends it has painted it, `S`, `f` or `B` as much as `n`. The vendored interpreter
     /// applied the clip only on `n`: after `re W* S` everything later painted outside the clip,
diff --git a/vendor/hayro-interpret/src/interpret/path.rs b/vendor/hayro-interpret/src/interpret/path.rs
index 838ea099f..c1fd47f39 100644
--- a/vendor/hayro-interpret/src/interpret/path.rs
+++ b/vendor/hayro-interpret/src/interpret/path.rs
@@ -159,6 +159,8 @@ pub(crate) fn get_paint<'a>(context: &Context<'a>, is_stroke: bool) -> Paint<'a>
                 pattern.set_transfer_function(tf.clone());
             }
 
+            // PdfCraft patch: `CA`/`ca` can be set by a `gs` after the pattern colour operator, so use the alpha current at paint time.
+            pattern.set_alpha(data.alpha);
             pattern.pre_concat_transform(context.root_transform());
 
             Paint::Pattern(Box::new(pattern))
diff --git a/vendor/hayro-interpret/src/pattern.rs b/vendor/hayro-interpret/src/pattern.rs
index 1b3e046c4..04750f376 100644
--- a/vendor/hayro-interpret/src/pattern.rs
+++ b/vendor/hayro-interpret/src/pattern.rs
@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@ impl<'a> Pattern<'a> {
             Object::Dict(dict) => Some(Self::Shading(ShadingPattern::new(
                 &dict,
                 &ctx.interpreter_cache.object_cache,
-                ctx.get().graphics_state.non_stroke_alpha,
                 defaults,
             )?)),
             Object::Stream(stream) => Some(Self::Tiling(Box::new(TilingPattern::new(
@@ -81,6 +80,14 @@ impl<'a> Pattern<'a> {
         self
     }
 
+    /// PdfCraft patch: set the alpha of the graphics state in effect when the pattern is painted. The `gs` operator
+    /// can come after `scn`/`SCN`, so the alpha must not be captured when the pattern is selected.
+    pub(crate) fn set_alpha(&mut self, alpha: f32) {
+        if let Self::Shading(p) = self {
+            p.opacity = alpha;
+        }
+    }
+
     pub(crate) fn set_transfer_function(&mut self, tf: ActiveTransferFunction) {
         if let Self::Shading(p) = self {
             p.transfer_function = Some(tf);
@@ -114,7 +121,6 @@ impl ShadingPattern {
     pub(crate) fn new(
         dict: &Dict<'_>,
         cache: &Cache,
-        opacity: f32,
         defaults: &DefaultColorSpaces<'_, '_>,
     ) -> Option<Self> {
         let shading = dict.get::<Object<'_>>(SHADING).and_then(|o| {
@@ -133,7 +139,7 @@ impl ShadingPattern {
 
         Some(Self {
             shading: Arc::new(shading),
-            opacity,
+            opacity: 1.0,
             matrix,
             transfer_function: None,
         })