diff --git a/crates/print/src/lib.rs b/crates/print/src/lib.rs
index 6839e5f6b..5f81d1f93 100644
--- a/crates/print/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/print/src/lib.rs
@@ -770,13 +770,16 @@ fn appearance_matrix(doc: &Document, form: &Dict, rect: [f64; 4]) -> Option<Matr
 }
 
 /// A Form XObject holding page `index` as it prints (user space; BBox = crop box).
+/// `pages` are the document's pages, listed once by the caller: listing them for each page
+/// printed would make printing quadratic in the page count.
 fn page_form(
     doc: &mut Document,
+    pages: &[pdfcraft_model::Page],
     index: usize,
     content: Content,
     promoted: &mut std::collections::HashMap<ObjRef, ObjRef>,
 ) -> Result<ObjRef, PrintError> {
-    let page = pdfcraft_model::pages(doc).swap_remove(index);
+    let page = pages.get(index).ok_or_else(|| PrintError::Invalid(format!("there is no page {}", index.saturating_add(1))))?;
     let crop = page.crop(doc);
     let mut res = page.dict.get(b"Resources").and_then(|r| doc.resolve(r).as_dict().cloned()).unwrap_or_default();
     let mut body = if content == Content::FormFieldsOnly { Vec::new() } else { decoded_contents(doc, &page.dict) };
@@ -841,10 +844,24 @@ fn page_form(
     Ok(doc.add(Object::Stream(Stream::flate(d, &body))))
 }
 
+#[cfg(test)]
+thread_local! {
+    /// Pages listed by [`source_pages`] on this thread.
+    static PAGES_LISTED: std::cell::Cell<usize> = const { std::cell::Cell::new(0) };
+}
+
+/// The source document's pages, for printing.
+fn source_pages(doc: &Document) -> Vec<pdfcraft_model::Page> {
+    let pages = pdfcraft_model::pages(doc);
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    PAGES_LISTED.with(|c| c.set(c.get() + pages.len()));
+    pages
+}
+
 /// Build the print-ready PDF for `settings`. Encryption is not carried over (the file goes to a
 /// printer or is the user's own copy); callers must check the print permission first.
 pub fn impose(src: &Document, settings: &Settings) -> Result<Vec<u8>, PrintError> {
-    let pages = pdfcraft_model::pages(src);
+    let pages = source_pages(src);
     let sizes: Vec<(f64, f64)> = pages.iter().map(|p| p.display_size(src)).collect();
     let sheets = layout(&sizes, settings)?;
     let mut doc = src.clone();
@@ -861,7 +878,7 @@ pub fn impose(src: &Document, settings: &Settings) -> Result<Vec<u8>, PrintError
             let form = match forms.get(&pl.page) {
                 Some(f) => *f,
                 None => {
-                    let f = page_form(&mut doc, pl.page, settings.content, &mut promoted)?;
+                    let f = page_form(&mut doc, &pages, pl.page, settings.content, &mut promoted)?;
                     forms.insert(pl.page, f);
                     f
                 }
diff --git a/crates/print/src/tests.rs b/crates/print/src/tests.rs
index 99634f1aa..ce736762e 100644
--- a/crates/print/src/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/print/src/tests.rs
@@ -192,6 +192,17 @@ fn custom_pages_per_sheet_never_overfill_the_grid() {
     assert_eq!(pdfcraft_model::pages(&Document::open(Arc::new(out)).unwrap()).len(), 3);
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn imposing_lists_the_pages_once() {
+    let n = 150;
+    let doc = fixture(n);
+    PAGES_LISTED.with(|c| c.set(0));
+    let out = impose(&doc, &settings((0..n).collect(), Layout::multiple(2))).unwrap();
+    let listed = PAGES_LISTED.with(|c| c.get());
+    assert!(listed <= 2 * n, "{listed} pages listed to print {n}");
+    assert_eq!(pdfcraft_model::pages(&Document::open(Arc::new(out)).unwrap()).len(), n / 2);
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn booklets_pair_pages_for_folding() {
     let sizes = vec![(200.0, 300.0); 6];
diff --git a/crates/print/src/tests/appearances.rs b/crates/print/src/tests/appearances.rs
index 8d6f56ff6..acf8ece6f 100644
--- a/crates/print/src/tests/appearances.rs
+++ b/crates/print/src/tests/appearances.rs
@@ -147,7 +147,8 @@ fn promotion_preserves_streams_and_explicit_subtypes() {
     for subtype in [None, Some(Object::name("Form")), Some(Object::name("Image")), Some(Object::Null), Some(Object::Int(7))] {
         let (mut doc, ap, _) = widget_fixture(subtype.clone(), Some([2.0, 0.0, 0.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0]));
         let original = doc.get(ap);
-        let form = page_form(&mut doc, 0, Content::Document, &mut std::collections::HashMap::new()).unwrap();
+        let pages = pdfcraft_model::pages(&doc);
+        let form = page_form(&mut doc, &pages, 0, Content::Document, &mut std::collections::HashMap::new()).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(doc.get(ap), original, "original in the print clone");
         let promoted = xobject(&doc, doc.get(form).as_dict().unwrap(), b"PCPrA0");
         if subtype.is_some() {