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Function parity: worksheet functions and formulas
Last reviewed: 2026-10-15 · Last updated: 2026-10-23 · Change: minor (number text with accounting parentheses coerces like Excel 365; INDEX with one index on a 2-D reference is #REF! as in Excel; earlier: SUBTOTAL and AGGREGATE cap the cells they visit, #2175) · Target: Microsoft Excel (Microsoft 365), Excel for Mac 16.113.4
Excel's worksheet functions, category by category, against GridCraft's function library. Part of target-app-parity.md; gaps feed gaps.md.
How this is measured
- Excel's list (523): Microsoft's "Excel functions (alphabetical)" support page, fetched and parsed on 2026-10-10 (506 rows with their category and the Excel version that introduced them), plus 14 text functions the page lists under combined entries (FIND/FINDB, LEFT/LEFTB, LEN/LENB, MID/MIDB, REPLACE/REPLACEB, RIGHT/RIGHTB, SEARCH/SEARCHB), BETA.INV, and COPILOT and PY (Microsoft 365 functions not on that page when fetched).
- Ours (505): every function spec in
crates/functions/src/*.rs(f!("NAME", …)) plus the - Ours (503): every function spec in
crates/functions/src/*.rs(f!("NAME", …)) plus the - Ours (502): every function spec in
crates/functions/src/*.rs(f!("NAME", …)) plus the - Ours (502): every function spec in
crates/functions/src/*.rs(f!("NAME", …)) plus the - Ours (505): every function spec in
crates/functions/src/*.rs(f!("NAME", …)) plus the evaluator's special forms incrates/calc/src/eval.rs(SPECIAL_FUNCTIONS: IF, IFS, CHOOSE, OFFSET, INDIRECT, INDEX, SUBTOTAL, AGGREGATE, TEXT, LET, LAMBDA, MAP, REDUCE, SCAN, BYROW, BYCOL, MAKEARRAY…), excluding the test-onlyADD2. Every one is an Excel name. - Not on Microsoft's list: USDOLLAR, a legacy function Excel still evaluates (like DOLLAR), is in our library as a Compatibility function for files that use it. It is not counted above.
- Working excludes stubs that return an error by design: the 7 CUBE functions (
#N/A, no cube connections) and WEBSERVICE and FILTERXML (#VALUE!). Excel for Mac also lacks WEBSERVICE and FILTERXML; Excel for Windows has them. - The measurement is presence. Depth (edge cases matching Excel) is estimated below.
Coverage
Measured: 513 / 523 by name (98.1%); 504 / 523 working (96.4%).
| Category | Excel | Ours | Working | % working | Missing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Statistical | 111 | 111 | 111 | 100% | — |
| Math and trigonometry | 80 | 79 | 79 | 99% | PERCENTOF |
| Financial | 55 | 55 | 55 | 100% | — |
| Engineering | 54 | 54 | 54 | 100% | — |
| Text | 50 | 48 | 48 | 96% | DETECTLANGUAGE, TRANSLATE |
| Lookup and reference | 40 | 36 | 36 | 90% | GETPIVOTDATA, IMAGE, RTD, TRIMRANGE |
| Compatibility | 40 | 40 | 40 | 100% | — |
| Date and time | 25 | 25 | 25 | 100% | — |
| Information | 22 | 21 | 21 | 95% | STOCKHISTORY |
| Logical | 19 | 19 | 19 | 100% | — |
| Database | 12 | 12 | 12 | 100% | — |
| Cube | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0% | (all 7 are #N/A stubs) |
| Web | 3 | 3 | 1 | 33% | (WEBSERVICE, FILTERXML are stubs; ENCODEURL works) |
| Add-in and Automation | 3 | 1 | 1 | 33% | CALL, REGISTER.ID |
| AI and Python | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0% | COPILOT, PY |
| Total | 523 | 505 | 496 | 94.8% | 18 missing, 9 stubs |
By the Excel version that introduced them (working / total): before 2010 346 / 360, 2010 56 / 56, 2013 49 / 51, 2016 1 / 5, 2019 6 / 6, 2021 11 / 11, 2024 22 / 23, Microsoft 365 5 / 11. Dynamic-array and LAMBDA-era functions (FILTER, SORT, UNIQUE, XLOOKUP, VSTACK, TAKE, GROUPBY, PIVOTBY, REGEXTEST…) are all present.
FORECAST.ETS missing-point interpolation walks known points once, so filling a long gap takes linear work in the completed timeline length (#1042). Interpolation values, nearest-value endpoint handling, zero-fill mode and the existing 30% missing-point limit are unchanged. This improves series preparation; it does not change the model-fitting or seasonality algorithms.
Scope of what's missing
| Function(s) | In scope? | Estimate | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| FORECAST.ETS family (4) | yes | 4–6 h | AAA exponential smoothing with seasonality detection; needed for Forecast Sheet too |
| ODDFPRICE, ODDFYIELD, ODDLPRICE, ODDLYIELD | yes | 2–4 h | Odd first/last period bond maths |
| GETPIVOTDATA | yes | 2–3 h | Needs the pivot engine's result cache; also the "Generate GetPivotData" option |
| IMAGE | yes | 3–5 h | Pictures in cells (see PR #105); fetching URLs needs a privacy decision |
| CUBE* (7), WEBSERVICE, FILTERXML | partly | 4–8 h | FILTERXML can work offline; CUBE needs an OLAP/data-model source |
| TRANSLATE, DETECTLANGUAGE, STOCKHISTORY, COPILOT, PY | no (cloud) | — | Microsoft cloud services; open equivalents only by owner decision |
| CALL, REGISTER.ID, RTD | no | — | Native DLL/COM calls; not portable or safe |
Formula language
| Feature | Status |
|---|---|
| A1 and R1C1 references, absolute/relative/mixed, F4 cycling | done |
3-D references (Sheet1:Sheet3!A1) |
done; deleting a span's end sheet keeps the rest (#140) |
Structured references (Table1[Col], [#Totals], @; the unbracketed [[#This Row],Col] some writers emit) |
done |
| Defined names (workbook and sheet scope), Create from Selection | done |
Dynamic arrays, spill, #SPILL!, spill operator A1# |
done; stale spills after a structural edit or a cleared blocker fixed (#133, #139; PRs #148, #157) |
| Recalculation after clearing large sparse ranges | every stored cell changed by Clear is reported to recalculation, without a million-coordinate cutoff; removed formula spills are cleared, and removing empty merges still unblocks spills (#1032) |
| SUBTOTAL / AGGREGATE input size | references trim to the used range; all areas, arrays and values of one call are charged against the 16-million-cell limit before any cell is read (skipped hidden, nested and error cells count), and #NUM! past it (#2175) |
Implicit intersection @, legacy CSE array formulas |
done; legacy array range fill (PR #156) |
Implicit intersection @, legacy CSE array formulas |
done, the entered range filled (PR #156) |
| Array lifting: an array in a scalar argument evaluates the function per element | done. The Analysis ToolPak functions (EOMONTH, EDATE, WORKDAY(.INTL), NETWORKDAYS(.INTL), YEARFRAC, WEEKNUM, the COUP*, PRICE*, YIELD*, ODD*, TBILL*, ACCRINT*, AMOR*, DISC, DURATION, CUMIPMT/CUMPRINC, EFFECT, NOMINAL, DOLLARDE/FR, XNPV/XIRR rate and guess, FVSCHEDULE principal, ISEVEN/ISODD, QUOTIENT, MROUND, FACTDOUBLE, SQRTPI, RANDBETWEEN, SERIESSUM, the base conversions, CONVERT, DELTA, GESTEP, ERF/ERFC, BESSEL*, COMPLEX and IM* except IMSUM/IMPRODUCT) give #VALUE! for a reference to more than one cell in a value argument, as Excel 365 does in both dynamic-array and legacy formulas; array constants and computed arrays (A1:A3+0) still lift, and range arguments (holidays, schedule, cash flows) and the .INTL weekend accept ranges. Difference: BYROW/BYCOL pass their row or column to the LAMBDA as values, so BYROW(A1:B3,LAMBDA(r,EOMONTH(r,0))) lifts where Excel gives #VALUE! |
Trim references A1:.E10 (trailing), A1.:E10 (leading), A1.:.E10 (both), also on whole rows/columns (A:.A) |
done; evaluated as TRIMRANGE(range, code, code), adjusted on insert/delete; files store _xlfn.TRIMRANGE(range,code,code) (Excel's own file spelling unconfirmed in public docs), _xlfn._TRO_ALL/_TRO_LEADING/_TRO_TRAILING(...) read too |
| LET, LAMBDA, named LAMBDAs, ISOMITTED, MAP/REDUCE/SCAN/BYROW/BYCOL/MAKEARRAY | done |
| Iterative calculation for circular references | done: with Enable Iterative Calculation on (formulas.calculationOptions {iterative, maxIterations, maxChange}, saved as <calcPr iterate iterateCount iterateDelta>), loops are evaluated again from their previous values (blank = 0) until no cell on a loop changes by Maximum Change or Maximum Iterations is reached; off, cycles give #CIRC!. Differences: no Options dialog yet (command only); GridCraft recalculates on open, so a loop that never settles (=A1+1) advances again each time the file is opened |
| 15-significant-digit comparison semantics | done (#57): =0.1+0.2=0.3 is TRUE, and MATCH and COUNTIF compare the same way. Arithmetic keeps full precision, as Excel does — =(0.1+0.2)-0.3 is 5.55E-17 |
External workbook references ([Book.xlsx]Sheet1!A1) |
parsed; links dropped on open, no update |
Localized function names and ; separators |
missing (#45); en-US only |
Long flat operator chains (=A1+A2+…, -, *, /, ^, &, comparisons) |
done: no operand limit below Excel's 8,192-character formula limit (Excel, observed: =1+1+… with 4,096 operands is exactly 8,192 characters with the = and calculates; one more character is refused). Evaluated (#484), printed (#628), stored, copied, adjusted, saved and reopened without recursing once per operand, on a 1 MiB stack (#916); written to XLSX as plain formulas, not dynamic arrays; Spanish entry accepts them |
| Error values | the seven classic errors plus #SPILL!, #CALC!, #GETTING_DATA done; #FIELD!, #BLOCKED!, #CONNECT!, #BUSY!, #UNKNOWN!, #PYTHON! missing (minor: they come from data types, cloud and Python features) |
Depth (estimated)
~82% ready. The library is broad and has 96 test functions in crates/functions with many
assertions each, but there is no conformance suite against Excel-computed results, and user
reports keep finding edge cases: MIN() with no arguments (#138), COUNTBLANK past the used range
(#137, and past 16,384 cells #1010, fixed 10-14 for bounded references), ROUND at 15 digits and DATE(1900,2,29) (fixed 10-09), SUMIF sum-range sizing (fixed
10-09). Statistical distributions and financial functions with iterative solvers (RATE, IRR,
XIRR, YIELD) are the highest-risk for last-digit differences.
TEXT() and cell display share crates/numfmt; checked against Excel-cached results in
number- and text-format test workbooks (352 TEXT cells), all match:
fraction sections with literal text (#\:#=/=#, #_#/#), zero fractions, zero-padded
denominators, ? placeholders padding the thousands separator, and booleans through the text
section (TEXT(TRUE,";;;\@@\@") = @TRUE@).
MEDIAN and AGGREGATE function number 12 use an overflow-safe midpoint for even-sized
inputs, so large finite middle values do not become #NUM! merely because their sum overflows (#1579).
Sorting, argument coercion and error propagation are unchanged; this is a numerical correction
under the documented median rule, not an extreme-value comparison against desktop Excel.
Work to close (16–26 h in total): the in-scope missing functions (10–16 h with the table above), an oracle corpus of Excel-computed results per function (owner runs Excel on generated workbooks; results checked in as data, not Excel files) and fixing what it finds (6–10 h).
Revision history
| Date | Change | Summary |
|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-23 | minor | Number text coercion (VALUE, arithmetic, typed entry): a dollar sign before accounting parentheses ($(1,234), $ (5)) and a percent sign after them ((5)%) read as negatives; (-5), ((5)), ($-5), $5%, $(5)% and dates or times in parentheses are #VALUE!, as observed in Excel 365 |
| 2026-10-23 | minor | INDEX with only a row index on a reference of several rows and columns (INDEX(A1:C3,2), INDEX(A1:C3,0)) is #REF!, as observed in Excel, so it also fails as a range endpoint and inside other functions; an empty column argument (INDEX(A1:C3,2,)) still gives the row. Checked that a column array with one index stays a 1×1 array (TYPE 64), which is what Excel returns |
| 2026-10-21 | minor | SUBTOTAL and AGGREGATE charge every argument against the evaluator's 16-million-cell limit before scanning; a value in XFD1048576 no longer makes SUBTOTAL(9,A:XFD) read the whole sheet (#2175) |
| 2026-10-19 | minor | LET and LAMBDA names compare case-insensitively in any script, as in Excel: =LET(dług,100,DŁUG*2) is 200 (was #NAME?); also LET-bound lambdas called or passed by name (żar(2), MAP(…,Λ)), ISOMITTED, and formula-bar alias translation (one shared gridcraft_formula::same_name, which matches ß with ẞ and keeps dotless ı apart from i) |
| 2026-10-19 | minor | Long flat operator chains (#916): 4,096 operands (Excel's 8,192-character limit) no longer overflow the stack when entered, filled, adjusted or saved; chains past 64 operands are no longer saved as dynamic-array formulas; Spanish entry no longer refuses chains past 256 operands |
| 2026-10-17 | minor | 15-significant-digit comparison moved from missing to done (#57), and the resolved caveats on the 3-D reference, dynamic-array and legacy-array rows cleared (#140, #133, #139, #156) |
| 2026-10-16 | minor | FORECAST.ETS gap interpolation uses a forward-only known-point scan instead of rescanning each gap for every missing value; numerical behavior and missing-point limits are preserved (#1042) |
| 2026-10-15 | minor | MEDIAN and AGGREGATE median use an overflow-safe midpoint (#1579); regressions cover finite extremes, tiny values and dependent recalculation |
| 2026-10-15 | minor | ADDRESS quotes a sheet name the way Excel does: names that read as an A1 cell (A1) or an R1C1 reference (R1C1, RC) and names starting with . get quotes; TRUE / FALSE stay bare (#1458) |
| 2026-10-14 | minor | MATCH, XMATCH, VLOOKUP, HLOOKUP, XLOOKUP and LOOKUP compare numbers exactly in every match and search mode, as Excel 365 does: MATCH(0.1+0.2,{0.3},0) is #N/A and 0.3 sorts below 0.30000000000000004 in approximate and binary search. =, SWITCH and the criteria functions (COUNTIF(S), SUMIF(S), AVERAGEIF(S), MAXIFS…) keep comparing at 15 significant digits, also as observed |
| 2026-10-14 | minor | Analysis ToolPak value arguments (EOMONTH, WORKDAY, YEARFRAC, COUPDAYS, DISC, BIN2DEC, IM* and the rest, observed in Excel 365) give #VALUE! for a multi-cell reference instead of lifting it |
| 2026-10-13 | minor | Clear reports changed stored cells sparsely, including those beyond the first million coordinates; dependent formulas and removed spills update, while clearing empty merges still unblocks spills (#1032) |
| 2026-10-14 | minor | Bounded references up to 1,048,576 cells (D3:AZ400) keep their full shape instead of stopping at the used range, so SUMPRODUCT(D3:AZ400*B3:B400,(A3:A400=x)*(D1:AZ1=y)) broadcasts like Excel and ROWS, COUNTBLANK and --(r="") count the blanks; references that run to the edge of the sheet (A:A) still stop at the used range (#1010) |
| 2026-10-12 | minor | USDOLLAR added as a Compatibility function (not on Microsoft's list, so the counts don't change); MIRR with no positive flow is -1, COUNTIF's bare "<=" / ">=" skip empty strings, INDIRECT with a1 = FALSE gives #REF! for A1-style text (#738) |
| 2026-10-11 | minor | TEXT / number formats fixed against Excel-cached results: fraction literals and zero fractions, 0 denominators zero padded, ? pads the thousands separator, booleans use the text section (226 mismatches → 0 in 352 TEXT cells) |
| 2026-10-11 | minor | Iterative calculation: circular references iterate up to Maximum Iterations / Maximum Change when enabled |
| 2026-10-11 | minor | Trim-reference operators (:., .:, .:.) and unbracketed [[#This Row],Col] done; dropped the stale "Scope of what's missing" rows for TRIMRANGE, PERCENTOF, BAHTTEXT and the trim references |
| 2026-10-11 | minor | Fixes from the cached-value oracle (gridcraft-cli check): MODE / MODE.SNGL / MODE.MULT give #VALUE! for text in a direct argument or single-cell reference; VALUE("") is #VALUE!; SUMPRODUCT with a text scalar argument is #VALUE!; ADDRESS leaves [Book]Sheet unquoted; VLOOKUP / HLOOKUP / LOOKUP / MATCH approximate match bisect like Excel on unsorted mixed-type data; XLOOKUP / XMATCH binary search compares across types in sort order; SUBTOTAL leaves out filtered rows for every function number (table and sheet AutoFilters) |
| 2026-10-11 | minor | ODDFPRICE, ODDFYIELD, ODDLPRICE, ODDLYIELD added: Financial 55 / 55; 505 / 523 by name, 496 working |
| 2026-10-11 | minor | PERCENTOF and EUROCONVERT added: 503 / 523 by name, 494 working |
| 2026-10-11 | minor | BAHTTEXT added: 502 / 523 by name, 493 working |
| 2026-10-11 | minor | TRIMRANGE added (the trim-reference operators not yet): 502 / 523 by name, 493 working |
| 2026-10-11 | minor | FORECAST.ETS, .CONFINT, .SEASONALITY, .STAT added (AAA exponential smoothing; Excel's optimiser is undocumented, so last digits on noisy data may differ): 505 / 523 by name, 496 working |
| 2026-10-10 | major | Created: 501 / 523 by name, 492 working, per category, against Microsoft's published list |