Macros

Last updated: 2026-10-21 · Change: minor (recording macros and the management commands)

GridCraft macros are typed, declarative lists of commands, not VBA. Every step runs a GridCraft command (the same ids the ribbon, CLI and MCP use) or one of three bounded control steps. A macro declares the inputs it works on, runs as one undo step, rolls all workbook changes back on an error (a file it already wrote stays), checks where its results will land before it writes them, and does not touch files without permission. Agents run macros with macro.run like any other command.

This page describes the engine and its commands. The macro interface (a Macros list, a recorder button and a step editor) is not part of it yet.

A macro

{
  "name": "Totals",
  "description": "Adds a total next to the amounts",
  "inputs": [{"name": "Input", "header": true, "cols": [2, 2], "colTypes": ["text", "number"]}],
  "output": {"anchor": "Input.right(2).cell(1,2)", "onConflict": "ask"},
  "steps": [
    {"type": "command", "id": "cell.set", "params": {"cell": "Output", "input": "Total"}},
    {"type": "command", "id": "cell.set", "params": {"cell": "Output.offset(1,0)", "input": "=SUM({{Input.data.col(2)}})"}},
    {"type": "repeat", "over": "Input.data", "of": "rows", "max": 1000, "body": [
      {"type": "if", "cell": "Row.cell(1,2)", "op": "gt", "value": 100,
       "then": [{"type": "command", "id": "home.bold", "params": {"range": "Row"}}]}
    ]},
    {"type": "stop", "message": "Done."}
  ],
  "permissions": []
}

Steps: command (id, params), repeat (each row or column of over, at most max times), if (cell compared with value by eq, ne, gt, ge, lt, le, empty, notEmpty or contains; then and else lists) and stop (message; rollback: true undoes the run). Every step can carry enabled, breakpoint and note. The short form {"command": "cell.set", "params": {…}} is accepted for a command step.
Inputs: kind (cell or range), rows and cols as [min, max] (0 for no maximum; rows exclude the header), header, colTypes (number, text, date, bool, any), nonEmpty and defaultRef. A run binds each input to the range it is given, its default, or (for the first input) the selection, and refuses with messages that name the cells: "Input column 2 (Amount) must hold numbers; C4 holds text."
Limits: 1,000 macros a workbook, 10,000 steps a macro, Repeat and If nested 4 deep, 100,000 steps executed per run, and 60 seconds a run, footprint checks included (timeLimit to change; the web build has no clock, so there only the step limit applies).

Tokens

References in step parameters can be tokens, worked out when the step runs:

Token	Means
`Input`, or another input's name	the range the input is bound to
`Output`	the output rule's anchor
`Row`, `Column`	the current row or column of the Repeat around the step
`Name:Total`	a defined name, or a table's data

Methods narrow or move a range and chain: col(2) or col("Amount"), row(1), cols(2..3), rows(2..), cell(r,c) (relative to the top-left cell; cell(0,1) is the cell above), offset(r,c), resize(h,w), data (without the header row), below(n) and right(n). col("Amount") looks the name up in an input's header row, directly or after data; on a range without a header row it is refused. A defined name can hold periods: Name:Sales.Q1 is the name Sales.Q1, and Name:Sales.Q1.cell(1,1) its first cell, because the longest name or table that exists is used and methods follow it.

Write a token as the whole value of a reference parameter (cell, range, target, keys ending in Cell or Range…), as {"$ref": "Input.col(2)"} anywhere, or as {{Input.col(2)}} inside any string, such as a formula. Plain A1 references stay absolute; a Name: anchor follows inserted rows. A reference with a sheet name is never a token, so Output!A1 is a cell on a sheet called Output, even when a token or input has that name.

Running

macro.run {name, inputs?, onConflict?, overwrite?, approve?, timeLimit?}:

Policy. File commands other than Properties, exports and printing (such as Open, Save and Close), app, window (including New Window, Hide and Unhide), automate and macro commands, and Undo and Redo, never run in a macro. File › Properties runs, and so do exports and printing (file.exportPdf, exportCsv, exportHtml, print, printPreview, saveBytes) that only produce bytes. Reading or writing a file (data.getData, data.fromTextCsv, insert.picture or pageLayout.background with a path, or an export or print with a path) needs the command in the macro's permissions. Any path other than null counts, including a blank one and a token, and the policy is checked again on the parameters as they are when the step runs. A macro that touches files, or that came with a workbook opened from a file, runs once the person approves it: the call fails with approve: … and runs with approve: true. Approval lasts for the session, until the macro changes.
Footprint. The macro first runs in dry-run mode on the real workbook, and everything is put back. Cells it would write outside its inputs that hold data, and sheets and objects it would delete, are conflicts, handled by onConflict (or the macro's output.onConflict): ask (the call fails with confirm: …; overwrite: true answers it), fail, overwrite, shiftDown or shiftRight (Insert Cells makes room, then the footprint is checked again). Steps that touch files, and Solver, end the dry run early; the footprint then says it is partial, and unless the rule is overwrite, the run checks every step as it goes. A step that writes over cells, sheets or objects that held data when the run started stops the run and rolls the workbook back (a file already written stays): it asks (confirm: …) under ask and fails otherwise, since shifting can't make room that late.
Run. One undo step, "Run Macro: Totals". Any error rolls the whole run back and names the step: Step 3.1 (cell.set): … (paths are 1-based; 2.1 is inside a Repeat, 4.then.1 inside an If).

macro.check {name, inputs?, timeLimit?} reports the bound inputs, the output anchor, any approval needed and the footprint, without changing anything.

Debugging

macro.debug {action, …} with start (name, inputs, breakpoints), step, continue, runTo (step: a path), stop (keep: true keeps the changes) and state. breakpoints can be given with any action; breakpointsOnly: true makes the list replace the steps' own flags. The run stays one undo step; while it is open, edits of the workbooks it touched (its own, and any other its steps changed) are refused with "Finish or stop the macro first", also when another command makes them (stopping Record Actions saves a script), and other workbooks stay editable. Each answer gives the next step with its parameters as they would run, the parameters of the step that just ran, and the cells changed so far.

Recording

macro.record toggles recording (relative: false for absolute references; name and description when stopping). With relative references the selection when recording starts is the example input: references in and near it become tokens, and the input's shape, header and column types are inferred. Toggles such as Bold are recorded with the state they set ("on": true), so playing them back sets them rather than flipping them. Commands a macro may not run are left out and listed in the result; a macro run while recording is replaced by its steps when it has no inputs, and an Automate script run by the script's steps.

Other commands and storage

macro.list, macro.get, macro.save {macro, replace?}, macro.delete and macro.rename {name, to}. Saving, renaming and deleting are undoable.

Macros are saved in the workbook: as a field in GridCraft's JSON format, and in xlsx as hidden defined names (_gc_macro_<n>_<k>, the macro's JSON split into string literals within Excel's limits), which other spreadsheet applications keep but do not run.

Each macro carries its format version, v (1 in this version; a missing v reads as 1). When a file is opened, a macro that is damaged, over the limits or in a newer format (a v above 1) is left out with one warning, and the rest of the workbook and its other macros open. A newer macro is never read in part, so a save can't write it back with its newer fields missing; a macro that was left out is not in the saved file.

Automate scripts and VBA

Automate scripts (automate.recordActions, newScript, allScripts, runScript, deleteScript) are an older, separate feature. They keep their commands, parameters, storage (_sc_scripts) and results, and View › Macros (view.macros) still lists them. Macros neither read nor change them; a workbook can hold a script and a macro with the same name.

A VBA project in an .xlsm or .xltm file is preserved on save and never run. GridCraft macros are stored apart from it.

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