//! Parsing what people type into a cell (and numeric text in formulas). //! //! Recognises numbers with thousands separators, percentages, currency, scientific notation, //! fractions (`1 1/2`), dates (`3/4/2026`, `2026-03-04`, `4-Mar-2026`, `Mar 4, 2026`), times //! (`10:30`, `10:30:15 PM`) and date-times. Locale: en-US. use crate::date::{DateSystem, MONTHS, serial_from_ymd, time_fraction}; use crate::value::{CellError, Value}; /// A parsed entry: its value and the number format Excel would apply automatically. #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)] pub struct Parsed { pub value: Value, pub format: Option<&'static str>, } /// Interprets typed cell input (not formulas). Text that isn't a number, date, boolean or error /// stays text. A leading apostrophe forces text. pub fn parse_input(s: &str, sys: DateSystem) -> Parsed { if s.is_empty() { return Parsed { value: Value::Empty, format: None }; } if let Some(rest) = s.strip_prefix('\'') { return Parsed { value: Value::text(rest), format: None }; } let t = s.trim(); if t.eq_ignore_ascii_case("TRUE") { return Parsed { value: Value::Bool(true), format: None }; } if t.eq_ignore_ascii_case("FALSE") { return Parsed { value: Value::Bool(false), format: None }; } if let Some(e) = CellError::parse(t) { return Parsed { value: Value::Error(e), format: None }; } if let Some((n, f)) = parse_numeric(t, sys) { return Parsed { value: Value::number(n), format: f }; } Parsed { value: Value::text(s), format: None } } /// Numeric text as arithmetic coerces it ("1,000", "50%", "$3", "1/2/2020", "10:00"). pub fn parse_number_text(s: &str) -> Option { parse_number_text_in(s, DateSystem::D1900) } /// Like [`parse_number_text`], with date text read in the given workbook date system. pub fn parse_number_text_in(s: &str, sys: DateSystem) -> Option { parse_numeric(s.trim(), sys).map(|(n, _)| n) } /// Text that Excel's "Number Stored as Text" check flags: it would be a number if typed (signs, /// thousands separators, currency, percent, exponent, a parenthesised negative). Dates, times and /// fractions kept as text are not flagged, as in Excel. pub fn number_stored_as_text(s: &str) -> Option { let t = s.trim(); // The same parentheses typed entry reads, accounting forms included: `$(5)`, `(5)%`. match parenthesized(t) { Some(inner) if inner.strip_prefix('$').map_or(inner.as_str(), str::trim_start).starts_with(['-', '+', '(']) => None, Some(inner) => parse_plain(&inner).map(|(n, _)| -n), None => parse_plain(t).map(|(n, _)| n), } } fn parse_numeric(t: &str, sys: DateSystem) -> Option<(f64, Option<&'static str>)> { // Parenthesised negatives: (100) = -100, and the accounting forms `$(100)` and `(5)%`. if let Some(inner) = parenthesized(t) { // Excel reads no sign and no nested parentheses inside: `(-5)`, `($-5)`, `((5))`. if inner.strip_prefix('$').map_or(inner.as_str(), str::trim_start).starts_with(['-', '+', '(']) { return None; } let r = parse_plain(&inner).or_else(|| parse_fraction(&inner).map(|n| (n, Some("# ?/?")))); return r.map(|(n, f)| (-n, f)); } parse_unparenthesised(t, sys) } fn parse_unparenthesised(t: &str, sys: DateSystem) -> Option<(f64, Option<&'static str>)> { if t.is_empty() { return None; } if let Some(r) = parse_plain(t) { return Some(r); } if let Some(r) = parse_fraction(t) { return Some((r, Some("# ?/?"))); } if let Some(r) = parse_datetime(t, sys) { return Some(r); } None } /// The number inside accounting parentheses, as plain text: `(5)` gives `5`. A dollar sign may /// stand before them (`$(5)` reads as `($5)`) and a percent sign after them (`(5)%` reads as /// `(5%)`), with spaces around either. The caller reads only a plain number or a fraction from it. fn parenthesized(t: &str) -> Option { let (currency, rest) = match t.strip_prefix('$') { Some(r) => ("$", r.trim_start()), None => ("", t), }; let rest = rest.strip_prefix('(')?; let (body, percent) = match rest.strip_suffix(')') { Some(b) => (b, ""), None => (rest.strip_suffix('%')?.trim_end().strip_suffix(')')?, "%"), }; Some(format!("{currency}{}{percent}", body.trim())) } /// Signs, currency, thousands separators, percent, exponent. fn parse_plain(t: &str) -> Option<(f64, Option<&'static str>)> { let mut s = t; let mut neg = false; let mut currency = false; let mut percent = false; if let Some(r) = s.strip_prefix('-') { neg = true; s = r.trim_start(); } else if let Some(r) = s.strip_prefix('+') { s = r.trim_start(); } if let Some(r) = s.strip_prefix('$') { currency = true; s = r.trim_start(); if !neg && let Some(r2) = s.strip_prefix('-') { neg = true; s = r2; } } if let Some(r) = s.strip_suffix('%') { percent = true; s = r.trim_end(); } // Excel reads `$5` and `5%` but not `$5%`. if s.is_empty() || currency && percent { return None; } let has_sep = s.contains(','); let digits: String = if has_sep { // Thousands separators must be in groups of three before the decimal point. let (int, frac) = s.split_once('.').map_or((s, None), |(a, b)| (a, Some(b))); let groups: Vec<&str> = int.split(',').collect(); let first = groups.first()?; if first.is_empty() || first.len() > 3 || groups.iter().skip(1).any(|g| g.len() != 3) { return None; } let mut d = groups.concat(); if let Some(f) = frac { d.push('.'); d.push_str(f); } d } else { s.to_string() }; let b = digits.as_bytes(); if !b.iter().all(|c| c.is_ascii_digit() || matches!(c, b'.' | b'e' | b'E' | b'+' | b'-')) { return None; } if !b.first().is_some_and(|c| c.is_ascii_digit() || *c == b'.') { return None; } let mut n: f64 = digits.parse().ok()?; if !n.is_finite() { return None; } let sci = digits.contains(['e', 'E']); if percent { n /= 100.0; } if neg { n = -n; } let fmt = if currency { Some(if digits.contains('.') { "\"$\"#,##0.00" } else { "\"$\"#,##0" }) } else if percent { Some(if digits.contains('.') { "0.00%" } else { "0%" }) } else if sci { Some("0.00E+00") } else if has_sep { Some(if digits.contains('.') { "#,##0.00" } else { "#,##0" }) } else { None }; Some((n, fmt)) } /// A plain ASCII number: digits, with an optional `.digits` fraction when `frac` is set. Rejects /// `nan`, `inf`, signs and exponents that `f64::from_str` would accept, and digits too many for a /// finite number (#2163). fn plain_number(s: &str, frac: bool) -> Option { let (int, dec) = match s.split_once('.') { Some((i, d)) if frac => (i, Some(d)), _ => (s, None), }; let digits = |x: &str| !x.is_empty() && x.bytes().all(|c| c.is_ascii_digit()); if !digits(int) || dec.is_some_and(|d| !digits(d)) { return None; } s.parse().ok().filter(|x: &f64| x.is_finite()) } /// `1/2` (only with a whole part, else it's a date), `1 1/2`, `0 3/4`. fn parse_fraction(t: &str) -> Option { let (whole, frac) = t.split_once(' ')?; let neg = whole.starts_with('-'); let w = plain_number(whole.trim_start_matches('-'), false)?; let (a, b) = frac.trim().split_once('/')?; let a = plain_number(a, false)?; let b = plain_number(b, false)?; if b == 0.0 || !w.is_finite() { return None; } let v = w + a / b; if !v.is_finite() { return None; } Some(if neg { -v } else { v }) } fn month_from_name(s: &str) -> Option { let l = s.to_ascii_lowercase(); if l.len() < 3 { return None; } MONTHS.iter().position(|m| m.to_ascii_lowercase().starts_with(&l)).map(|i| i as u32 + 1) } /// Time part: `h:mm`, `h:mm:ss`, `h:mm:ss.000`, `h AM`, with optional AM/PM. fn parse_time(t: &str) -> Option<(f64, bool, bool)> { let t = t.trim(); let lower = t.to_ascii_lowercase(); let (body, ampm) = if let Some(b) = lower.strip_suffix("am").or_else(|| lower.strip_suffix('a')) { (b.trim().to_string(), Some(false)) } else if let Some(b) = lower.strip_suffix("pm").or_else(|| lower.strip_suffix('p')) { (b.trim().to_string(), Some(true)) } else { (lower.clone(), None) }; let parts: Vec<&str> = body.split(':').collect(); if parts.len() == 1 && ampm.is_none() { return None; } if parts.len() > 3 || parts.iter().any(|p| p.is_empty() || p.starts_with('+')) { return None; } let mut h = plain_number(parts.first()?, false)?; let m = parts.get(1).map_or(Some(0.0), |p| plain_number(p, false))?; let s = parts.get(2).map_or(Some(0.0), |p| plain_number(p, true))?; if m >= 60.0 || s >= 60.0 || h < 0.0 || m < 0.0 || s < 0.0 { return None; } if let Some(pm) = ampm { if !(0.0..=12.0).contains(&h) { return None; } if h == 12.0 { h = 0.0; } if pm { h += 12.0; } } else if h >= 10000.0 { return None; } Some((time_fraction(h, m, s), parts.len() == 3, ampm.is_some())) } fn parse_date(t: &str, sys: DateSystem) -> Option<(f64, &'static str)> { let t = t.trim().trim_end_matches(','); let num = |s: &str| { let s = s.trim(); if s.is_empty() || !s.bytes().all(|b| b.is_ascii_digit()) { return None; } s.parse::().ok() }; // ISO yyyy-mm-dd or yyyy/mm/dd let seps: &[char] = &['/', '-', '.']; let parts: Vec<&str> = t.split(seps).collect(); if parts.len() == 3 { let (a, b, c) = (parts[0].trim(), parts[1].trim(), parts[2].trim()); if a.len() == 4 && let (Some(y), Some(m), Some(d)) = (num(a), num(b), num(c)) { return valid_ymd(sys, y, m, d).map(|s| (s, "yyyy-mm-dd")); } if let (Some(m), Some(d), Some(y)) = (num(a), num(b), num(c)) { let y = if c.len() <= 2 { if y < 30 { 2000 + y } else { 1900 + y } } else { y }; return valid_ymd(sys, y, m, d).map(|s| (s, "m/d/yyyy")); } // 4-Mar-2026 if let (Some(d), Some(m), Some(y)) = (num(a), month_from_name(b), num(c)) { let y = if c.len() <= 2 { if y < 30 { 2000 + y } else { 1900 + y } } else { y }; return valid_ymd(sys, y, m as i64, d).map(|s| (s, "d-mmm-yy")); } } if parts.len() == 2 { let (a, b) = (parts[0].trim(), parts[1].trim()); // m/d in the current year is ambiguous without a clock; use month/day of 2026? Excel uses // the current year. We accept d-mmm / mmm-d only with month names, and m/d → current year. if let (Some(m), Some(d)) = (num(a), num(b)) { let y = current_year(); if (1..=12).contains(&m) && (1..=31).contains(&d) { return valid_ymd(sys, y, m, d).map(|s| (s, "d-mmm")); } // m/yyyy if (1..=12).contains(&m) && b.len() == 4 { return valid_ymd(sys, d, m, 1).map(|s| (s, "mmm-yy")); } } if let (Some(d), Some(m)) = (num(a), month_from_name(b)) { return valid_ymd(sys, current_year(), m as i64, d).map(|s| (s, "d-mmm")); } if let (Some(m), Some(y)) = (month_from_name(a), num(b)) { let y = if b.len() <= 2 { if y < 30 { 2000 + y } else { 1900 + y } } else { y }; return valid_ymd(sys, y, m as i64, 1).map(|s| (s, "mmm-yy")); } } // "Mar 4, 2026" / "March 4 2026" / "4 March 2026" let words: Vec<&str> = t.split([' ', ',']).filter(|w| !w.is_empty()).collect(); if words.len() == 3 { // Two-digit years follow the same 2029 rule as the dashed forms above. let expand = |w: &str, y: i64| if w.len() <= 2 { if y < 30 { 2000 + y } else { 1900 + y } } else { y }; if let (Some(m), Some(d), Some(y)) = (month_from_name(words[0]), num(words[1]), num(words[2])) { let y = expand(words[2], y); return valid_ymd(sys, y, m as i64, d).map(|s| (s, "d-mmm-yy")); } if let (Some(d), Some(m), Some(y)) = (num(words[0]), month_from_name(words[1]), num(words[2])) { let y = expand(words[2], y); return valid_ymd(sys, y, m as i64, d).map(|s| (s, "d-mmm-yy")); } } None } fn valid_ymd(sys: DateSystem, y: i64, m: i64, d: i64) -> Option { // Dates before 1900 stay text (`DATE()` would add 1900 to such a year). if !(1..=12).contains(&m) || d < 1 || y < 1900 { return None; } let max = crate::date::days_in_month_in(sys, y as i32, m as u32) as i64; if d > max { return None; } serial_from_ymd(sys, y, m, d) } /// The year used for dates typed without one, from the system clock (browser clock on wasm). /// Falls back to 2026 only when no clock is available. pub fn current_year() -> i64 { if let Some(ms) = crate::date::unix_now_ms() { let days = (ms / 86_400_000.0).floor() as i64; return crate::date::civil_from_days(days).0 as i64; } 2026 } fn parse_datetime(t: &str, sys: DateSystem) -> Option<(f64, Option<&'static str>)> { if let Some((tf, secs, ampm)) = parse_time(t) { let f = match (secs, ampm) { // 24 hours or more: elapsed hours, so 25:00 shows as 25:00:00, not 1:00. _ if tf >= 1.0 => "[h]:mm:ss", (false, false) => "h:mm", (true, false) => "h:mm:ss", (false, true) => "h:mm AM/PM", (true, true) => "h:mm:ss AM/PM", }; return Some((tf, Some(f))); } if let Some((d, f)) = parse_date(t, sys) { return Some((d, Some(f))); } // date + time: split at the last space(s) before a time-looking tail. for (i, _) in t.match_indices(' ') { let (a, b) = (t.get(..i)?, t.get(i + 1..)?); if let (Some((d, _)), Some((tf, _, _))) = (parse_date(a, sys), parse_time(b)) { return Some((d + tf, Some("m/d/yyyy h:mm"))); } } None } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::*; fn p(s: &str) -> Parsed { parse_input(s, DateSystem::D1900) } /// #2163: digits too many for a finite number don't make one (∞/∞ was NaN). #[test] fn overlong_digits_stay_text() { let big = "9".repeat(400); for s in [format!("1 {big}/{big}"), format!("1 {big}/2"), format!("1 1/{big}0"), format!("{big}:00"), format!("1:00:{big}.5")] { assert_eq!(p(&s).value, Value::text(s.as_str()), "{s}"); assert_eq!(parse_number_text(&s), None, "{s}"); } assert_eq!(parse_number_text("1 1/2"), Some(1.5)); } #[test] fn non_digit_time_and_fraction_parts_stay_text() { for s in ["1:nan", "nan:30", "1:30:NaN", "1 nan/2", "1 1/nan", "inf:00", "1e1:00", "+5:00"] { assert_eq!(p(s).value, Value::text(s), "{s}"); } } #[test] fn signed_date_parts_stay_text() { for s in ["+3/4/2026", "3/+4/2026", "3/4/+2026", "1/1/2020 +5:00"] { assert_eq!(p(s).value, Value::text(s), "{s}"); } assert_eq!(p("3/4/2026").value, Value::Number(46085.0)); } #[test] fn month_name_short_year() { for s in ["Mar 4, 26", "Mar 4 26", "March 4 26", "4 March 26", "Mar 4, 2026"] { assert_eq!(p(s).value, Value::Number(46085.0), "{s}"); } assert_eq!(p("Mar 4, 99").value, p("Mar 4, 1999").value); assert_eq!(p("Mar 4, 1776").value, Value::text("Mar 4, 1776")); assert_eq!(p("Feb 30, 26").value, Value::text("Feb 30, 26")); } #[test] fn numbers() { assert_eq!(p("42").value, Value::Number(42.0)); assert_eq!(p("-3.5").value, Value::Number(-3.5)); assert_eq!(p("1,234").format, Some("#,##0")); assert_eq!(p("1,234").value, Value::Number(1234.0)); assert_eq!(p("1,23").value, Value::text("1,23")); assert_eq!(p("12%").value, Value::Number(0.12)); assert_eq!(p("$1,200.50").value, Value::Number(1200.5)); assert_eq!(p("$1,200.50").format, Some("\"$\"#,##0.00")); assert_eq!(p("(100)").value, Value::Number(-100.0)); assert_eq!(p("1e3").value, Value::Number(1000.0)); assert_eq!(p("1 1/2").value, Value::Number(1.5)); assert_eq!(p(".5").value, Value::Number(0.5)); } /// Observed in Excel 365 (en-US): typed entry, VALUE and `--"text"` agree. #[test] fn accounting_parentheses() { let accepted: [(&str, f64, Option<&str>); 22] = [ ("$(5)", -5.0, Some("\"$\"#,##0")), ("$ (5)", -5.0, Some("\"$\"#,##0")), ("$( 5 )", -5.0, Some("\"$\"#,##0")), ("$ ( 1,234 )", -1234.0, Some("\"$\"#,##0")), ("$(1,234)", -1234.0, Some("\"$\"#,##0")), ("$(1,000.50)", -1000.5, Some("\"$\"#,##0.00")), ("$(1,234.)", -1234.0, Some("\"$\"#,##0.00")), ("$(.5)", -0.5, Some("\"$\"#,##0.00")), ("$(0)", 0.0, Some("\"$\"#,##0")), (" $(5) ", -5.0, Some("\"$\"#,##0")), ("($5)", -5.0, Some("\"$\"#,##0")), ("( $ 1,234 )", -1234.0, Some("\"$\"#,##0")), ("(5)", -5.0, None), ("( 5 )", -5.0, None), ("(1,234.5)", -1234.5, Some("#,##0.00")), ("(1e-3)", -0.001, Some("0.00E+00")), ("(5)%", -0.05, Some("0%")), ("( 5 ) %", -0.05, Some("0%")), ("(5%)", -0.05, Some("0%")), ("(5.)%", -0.05, Some("0.00%")), ("(1,234)%", -12.34, Some("0%")), ("(1 1/2)", -1.5, Some("# ?/?")), ]; for (s, n, f) in accepted { assert_eq!(p(s), Parsed { value: Value::Number(n), format: f }, "{s}"); assert_eq!(parse_number_text(s), Some(n), "{s}"); } for s in [ "$5%", "$(5%)", "$(5)%", "($5%)", "($5)%", "$ ( 5 ) %", "(5)%%", "(5%)%", "((5))", "(-5)", "(+5)", "($-5)", "($ -5)", "($+5)", "(-$5)", "$(-5)", "$ (-5)", "$(+5)", "-(5)", "-$(5)", "+$(5)", "$+(5)", "$$(5)", "$ $(5)", "$((5))", "($(5))", "(-1 1/2)", "()", "$()", "(5)$", "$(5)$", "(5)(5)", "$(5)0", "(5)e3", "(5)-", "(5-)", "$(5-)", "$(5", "$5)", "(5", "$(1,23)", "$(,5)", "(5e)", "(1/2)", "$(1/2)", "(3/4/2026)", "$(3/4/2026)", "(10:30)", "$(10:30)", ] { assert_eq!(p(s).value, Value::text(s), "{s}"); assert_eq!(parse_number_text(s), None, "{s}"); } } #[test] fn deeply_nested_parentheses_do_not_overflow() { // #2180: coercion used to recurse once per parenthesis and overflow the stack. Excel reads // one pair only, so nesting is text now, and it is rejected without recursing. let depth = 100_000; let s = format!("{}1{}", "(".repeat(depth), ")".repeat(depth)); assert_eq!(parse_number_text(&s), None); assert_eq!(p(&s).value, Value::text(s.as_str())); let odd = format!("{}1{}", "(".repeat(depth + 1), ")".repeat(depth + 1)); assert_eq!(parse_number_text(&odd), None); let unbalanced = format!("{}1{}", "(".repeat(depth), ")".repeat(depth - 1)); assert_eq!(parse_number_text(&unbalanced), None); // A single pair still reads. assert_eq!(parse_number_text("(100)"), Some(-100.0)); assert_eq!(parse_number_text("( $1,200.50 )"), Some(-1200.5)); assert_eq!(parse_number_text("()"), None); } #[test] fn texts_and_specials() { assert_eq!(p("hello").value, Value::text("hello")); assert_eq!(p("'123").value, Value::text("123")); assert_eq!(p("true").value, Value::Bool(true)); assert_eq!(p("#N/A").value, Value::Error(CellError::NA)); assert_eq!(p("e").value, Value::text("e")); assert_eq!(p("-").value, Value::text("-")); assert_eq!(p("1.2.3.4").value, Value::text("1.2.3.4")); } #[test] fn dates_and_times() { assert_eq!(p("10/7/2026").value, Value::Number(46302.0)); assert_eq!(p("2026-10-07").value, Value::Number(46302.0)); assert_eq!(p("7-Oct-2026").value, Value::Number(46302.0)); assert_eq!(p("Oct 7, 2026").value, Value::Number(46302.0)); assert_eq!(p("2/30/2026").value, Value::text("2/30/2026")); assert_eq!(p("7/4/1776").value, Value::text("7/4/1776")); assert_eq!(p("1776-07-04").value, Value::text("1776-07-04")); assert_eq!(p("4-Jul-1776").value, Value::text("4-Jul-1776")); assert_eq!(p("12/31/1899").value, Value::text("12/31/1899")); assert_eq!(p("1/1/1900").value, Value::Number(1.0)); assert_eq!(p("12:00").value, Value::Number(0.5)); assert_eq!(p("6:00 PM").value, Value::Number(0.75)); assert_eq!(p("12:00 AM").value, Value::Number(0.0)); assert_eq!(p("10/7/2026 18:00").value, Value::Number(46302.75)); assert_eq!(p("25:00").value, Value::Number(25.0 / 24.0)); assert_eq!(p("25:00").format, Some("[h]:mm:ss")); assert_eq!(p("23:59").format, Some("h:mm")); } #[test] fn fictitious_1900_02_29() { // Excel accepts 29 February 1900 (serial 60) and keeps 1 March 1900 at 61. assert_eq!(p("2/29/1900").value, Value::Number(60.0)); assert_eq!(p("1900-02-29").value, Value::Number(60.0)); assert_eq!(p("29-Feb-1900").value, Value::Number(60.0)); assert_eq!(p("2/28/1900").value, Value::Number(59.0)); assert_eq!(p("3/1/1900").value, Value::Number(61.0)); assert_eq!(p("2/29/1901").value, Value::text("2/29/1901")); assert_eq!(p("2/30/1900").value, Value::text("2/30/1900")); // The 1904 system starts after it. assert_eq!(parse_input("2/29/1900", DateSystem::D1904).value, Value::text("2/29/1900")); assert_eq!(parse_input("2/29/1904", DateSystem::D1904).value, Value::Number(59.0)); } #[test] fn numbers_stored_as_text() { for (text, n) in [ ("123", 123.0), (" 42 ", 42.0), ("-1,000.5", -1000.5), ("$3", 3.0), ("50%", 0.5), ("1E3", 1000.0), ("(100)", -100.0), ("$(5)", -5.0), ("(5)%", -0.05), ] { assert_eq!(number_stored_as_text(text), Some(n), "{text}"); } // Dates, times, fractions, words and blanks are not flagged. for text in ["3/4/2026", "10:30", "1 1/2", "abc", "12abc", "", " ", "TRUE", "#N/A", "((1))", "(-5)", "$(5)%", "(1/2)"] { assert_eq!(number_stored_as_text(text), None, "{text}"); } } }