# Macros

> **Last updated:** 2026-10-21 · **Change:** minor (running and checking macros: `macro.run`, `macro.check`)

GridCraft macros are typed, declarative lists of commands, not VBA. Every step runs a GridCraft
command (the same ids the ribbon, CLI and MCP use) or one of three bounded control steps. A macro
declares the inputs it works on, runs as one undo step, rolls everything back on an error, checks
where its results will land before it writes them, and does not touch files without permission.
Agents run macros with `macro.run` like any other command.

This page describes the macro format, its tokens, and running and checking macros. The engine has
no macro debugger, recorder or management commands in this version, and no macro interface.

## A macro

```json
{
  "name": "Totals",
  "description": "Adds a total next to the amounts",
  "inputs": [{"name": "Input", "header": true, "cols": [2, 2], "colTypes": ["text", "number"]}],
  "output": {"anchor": "Input.right(2).cell(1,2)", "onConflict": "ask"},
  "steps": [
    {"type": "command", "id": "cell.set", "params": {"cell": "Output", "input": "Total"}},
    {"type": "command", "id": "cell.set", "params": {"cell": "Output.offset(1,0)", "input": "=SUM({{Input.data.col(2)}})"}},
    {"type": "repeat", "over": "Input.data", "of": "rows", "max": 1000, "body": [
      {"type": "if", "cell": "Row.cell(1,2)", "op": "gt", "value": 100,
       "then": [{"type": "command", "id": "home.bold", "params": {"range": "Row"}}]}
    ]},
    {"type": "stop", "message": "Done."}
  ],
  "permissions": []
}
```

- **Steps**: `command` (`id`, `params`), `repeat` (each row or column of `over`, at most `max`
  times), `if` (`cell` compared with `value` by `eq`, `ne`, `gt`, `ge`, `lt`, `le`, `empty`,
  `notEmpty` or `contains`; `then` and `else` lists) and `stop` (`message`; `rollback: true`
  undoes the run). Every step can carry `enabled`, `breakpoint` and `note`. The short form
  `{"command": "cell.set", "params": {…}}` is accepted for a command step.
- **Inputs**: `kind` (`cell` or `range`), `rows` and `cols` as `[min, max]` (0 for no maximum;
  rows exclude the header), `header`, `colTypes` (`number`, `text`, `date`, `bool`, `any`),
  `nonEmpty` and `defaultRef`. A run binds each input to the range it is given, its default, or
  (for the first input) the selection, and refuses with messages that name the cells:
  "Input column 2 (Amount) must hold numbers; C4 holds text."
- **Limits**: 1,000 macros a workbook, 10,000 steps a macro, and Repeat and If nested 4 deep.

## Tokens

References in step parameters can be tokens, worked out when the step runs:

| Token | Means |
|---|---|
| `Input`, or another input's name | the range the input is bound to |
| `Output` | the output rule's anchor |
| `Row`, `Column` | the current row or column of the Repeat around the step |
| `Name:Total` | a defined name, or a table's data |

Methods narrow or move a range and chain: `col(2)` or `col("Amount")`, `row(1)`, `cols(2..3)`,
`rows(2..)`, `cell(r,c)` (relative to the top-left cell; `cell(0,1)` is the cell above),
`offset(r,c)`, `resize(h,w)`, `data` (without the header row), `below(n)` and `right(n)`.
`col("Amount")` looks the name up in an input's header row, directly or after `data`; on a range
without a header row it is refused. A defined name can hold periods: `Name:Sales.Q1` is the name
`Sales.Q1`, and `Name:Sales.Q1.cell(1,1)` its first cell, because the longest name or table that
exists is used and methods follow it.

Write a token as the whole value of a reference parameter (`cell`, `range`, `target`, keys ending
in `Cell` or `Range`…), as `{"$ref": "Input.col(2)"}` anywhere, or as `{{Input.col(2)}}` inside
any string, such as a formula. Plain A1 references stay absolute; a `Name:` anchor follows
inserted rows. A reference with a sheet name is never a token, so `Output!A1` is a cell on a sheet
called Output, even when a token or input has that name.

## Running

`macro.run {name, inputs?, onConflict?, overwrite?, approve?, timeLimit?}`:

1. **Policy.** File, app, window, automate and macro commands, and Undo and Redo, never run in a
   macro. Reading or writing a file (`data.getData`, `data.fromTextCsv`, `insert.picture` or
   `pageLayout.background` with a `path`, or an export or print with a `path`) needs the command
   in the macro's `permissions`. Any `path` other than `null` counts, including a blank one and a
   token, and the policy is checked again on the parameters as they are when the step runs. A macro that touches files, or that came with a workbook opened
   from a file, runs once the person approves it: the call fails with `approve: …` and runs with
   `approve: true`. Approval lasts for the session, until the macro changes.
2. **Footprint.** The macro first runs in dry-run mode on the real workbook, and everything is put
   back. Cells it would write outside its inputs that hold data, and sheets and objects it would
   delete, are conflicts, handled by `onConflict` (or the macro's `output.onConflict`): `ask` (the
   call fails with `confirm: …`; `overwrite: true` answers it), `fail`, `overwrite`, `shiftDown` or
   `shiftRight` (Insert Cells makes room, then the footprint is checked again). Steps that touch
   files, and Solver, end the dry run early; the footprint then says it is partial.
3. **Run.** One undo step, "Run Macro: Totals". Any error rolls the whole run back and names the
   step: `Step 3.1 (cell.set): …` (paths are 1-based; `2.1` is inside a Repeat, `4.then.1` inside
   an If).

`macro.check {name, inputs?}` reports the bound inputs, the output anchor, any approval needed and
the footprint, without changing anything.

## Storage

Macros are saved in the workbook: as a field in GridCraft's JSON format, and in xlsx as hidden
defined names (`_gc_macro_<n>_<k>`, the macro's JSON split into string literals within Excel's
limits), which other spreadsheet applications keep but do not run.

Each macro carries its format version, `v` (1 in this version; a missing `v` reads as 1). When a
file is opened, a macro that is damaged, over the limits or in a newer format (a `v` above 1) is
left out with one warning, and the rest of the workbook and its other macros open. A newer
macro is never read in part, so a save can't write it back with its newer fields missing; a
macro that was left out is not in the saved file.

## Automate scripts and VBA

Automate scripts (`automate.recordActions`, `newScript`, `allScripts`, `runScript`,
`deleteScript`) are an older, separate feature. They keep their commands, parameters, storage
(`_sc_scripts`) and results, and View › Macros (`view.macros`) still lists them. Macros neither
read nor change them; a workbook can hold a script and a macro with the same name.

A VBA project in an `.xlsm` or `.xltm` file is preserved on save and never run. GridCraft macros
are stored apart from it.