diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/src/grid.rs b/crates/ui-egui/src/grid.rs
index 00e0c18be..edd108ecf 100644
--- a/crates/ui-egui/src/grid.rs
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/src/grid.rs
@@ -737,7 +737,8 @@ pub fn show(app: &mut SheetApp, ui: &mut egui::Ui) {
     }
     // Headers.
     if sh.show_headings {
-        paint_headers(&painter, &geo, sh, &sel, &t, &quads);
+        let headings = table_headings(&geo, sh, sel.active);
+        paint_headers(&painter, &geo, sh, &sel, &t, &quads, &headings);
         paint_freeze_handles(&painter, &geo, sh, &app.grid.drag, &t);
     }
     crate::outline::paint(&painter, &geo, sh, &t);
@@ -1387,10 +1388,7 @@ pub(crate) fn paint_quadrant(
         if !range.contains(c) {
             continue;
         }
-        let r = filter_button_rect(geo, sh, c);
-        p.rect_filled(r, 2.0, Color32::from_gray(250));
-        p.rect_stroke(r, 2.0, Stroke::new(1.0, Color32::from_gray(170)), StrokeKind::Inside);
-        crate::icons::paint(p, r.shrink(1.5), if active { crate::icons::Icon::Filter } else { crate::icons::Icon::Chevron }, Color32::from_gray(70));
+        paint_filter_button(p, filter_button_rect(geo, sh, c), active);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1402,6 +1400,67 @@ pub fn filter_button_rect(geo: &Geo, sh: &Sheet, c: CellRef) -> Rect {
     Rect::from_min_size(pos2(rect.right() - s - pad, rect.bottom() - s - pad), vec2(s, s))
 }
 
+/// A Table column heading that shows the column's header name in place of its letters.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct TableHeading {
+    pub col: u32,
+    /// The table's header row, which the filter menu is keyed by.
+    pub header_row: u32,
+    pub name: String,
+    /// The heading slot over the column (logical coordinates).
+    pub rect: Rect,
+    /// The filter button, when the table shows filter buttons.
+    pub button: Option<Rect>,
+    /// The column is filtered (the button shows the funnel).
+    pub filtered: bool,
+}
+
+/// The Table whose header names replace the column letters: the one holding the active cell,
+/// with its header row scrolled out of view and some of its rows still in view (Excel, #1423).
+pub fn heading_table<'a>(geo: &Geo, sh: &'a Sheet, active: CellRef) -> Option<&'a gridcraft_engine::model::Table> {
+    // Page Layout view keeps the letters.
+    if geo.paper.is_some() || geo.header_h <= 0.0 {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let tb = sh.tables.iter().find(|t| t.header_row && t.range.contains(active))?;
+    let header = tb.range.start.row;
+    // A header row in the frozen rows is always on screen.
+    if header < geo.fr {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let top = geo.cells.top() + geo.frozen_h;
+    let bottom = |r: u32| geo.y(sh, r) + sh.row_height(r) * geo.z;
+    (bottom(header) <= top + 0.5 && bottom(tb.range.end.row) > top + 0.5).then_some(tb)
+}
+
+/// The headings of `heading_table`'s visible columns.
+pub fn table_headings(geo: &Geo, sh: &Sheet, active: CellRef) -> Vec<TableHeading> {
+    let Some(tb) = heading_table(geo, sh, active) else { return Vec::new() };
+    let af = sh.autofilter.as_ref().filter(|af| af.range == tb.range);
+    let mut out = Vec::new();
+    for col in tb.range.start.col..=tb.range.end.col {
+        let w = sh.col_width(col) * geo.z;
+        let off = col - tb.range.start.col;
+        let Some(column) = tb.columns.get(off as usize) else { continue };
+        if w <= 0.0 {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let rect = Rect::from_min_size(pos2(geo.x(sh, col), geo.head_top()), vec2(w, geo.header_h));
+        // Clear of the 4-point column resize edge, and never wider than the column.
+        let s = (rect.height() - 6.0).clamp(10.0, 16.0).min(w - 7.0);
+        let button = (tb.filter_button && s > 0.0).then(|| Rect::from_min_size(pos2(rect.right() - s - 5.0, rect.center().y - s / 2.0), vec2(s, s)));
+        let filtered = tb.filter.iter().any(|(o, _)| *o == off) || af.is_some_and(|af| af.criteria.iter().any(|(o, _)| *o == off));
+        out.push(TableHeading { col, header_row: tb.range.start.row, name: column.name.clone(), rect, button, filtered });
+    }
+    out
+}
+
+fn paint_filter_button(p: &Painter, r: Rect, filtered: bool) {
+    p.rect_filled(r, 2.0, Color32::from_gray(250));
+    p.rect_stroke(r, 2.0, Stroke::new(1.0, Color32::from_gray(170)), StrokeKind::Inside);
+    crate::icons::paint(p, r.shrink(1.5), if filtered { crate::icons::Icon::Filter } else { crate::icons::Icon::Chevron }, Color32::from_gray(70));
+}
+
 /// The outline segments of merged area `m` drawn at `rect`: the top and left edges come from the
 /// first row's and first column's cells, the bottom and right edges from the last row's and last
 /// column's cells, one segment per visible cell (limited to the visible `rows` × `cols`).
@@ -1696,6 +1755,7 @@ pub(crate) fn paint_headers(
     sel: &gridcraft_engine::Selection,
     t: &Tokens,
     quads: &[((u32, u32), (u32, u32), Rect)],
+    headings: &[TableHeading],
 ) {
     let font = theme::ui_font((11.5 * (geo.z / DISPLAY_SCALE).max(0.75)).min(16.0));
     // The headers' own area: inside the outline bands.
@@ -1731,7 +1791,21 @@ pub(crate) fn paint_headers(
                 }
                 pc.line_segment([pos2(cr.right() - 0.5, cr.top() + 3.0), pos2(cr.right() - 0.5, cr.bottom())], Stroke::new(1.0, t.header_line));
                 let color = if col_sel(c) { t.header_sel_text } else { t.header_text };
-                pc.text(cr.center(), Align2::CENTER_CENTER, col_to_letters(c), font.clone(), color);
+                match headings.iter().find(|h| h.col == c) {
+                    Some(h) => {
+                        // The name is cut off at the button, as a cell's text is at its neighbour.
+                        let end = h.button.map_or(cr.right(), |b| b.left()) - 2.0;
+                        let room = Rect::from_min_max(cr.min, pos2(end.max(cr.left()), cr.bottom())).intersect(pc.clip_rect());
+                        let pad = 4.0 * (geo.z / DISPLAY_SCALE).max(0.75);
+                        pc.with_clip_rect(room).text(pos2(cr.left() + pad, cr.center().y), Align2::LEFT_CENTER, &h.name, font.clone(), color);
+                        if let Some(b) = h.button {
+                            paint_filter_button(&pc, b, h.filtered);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    None => {
+                        pc.text(cr.center(), Align2::CENTER_CENTER, col_to_letters(c), font.clone(), color);
+                    }
+                }
             }
         }
         let pr = p.with_clip_rect(Rect::from_min_max(pos2(left.left(), clip.top()), pos2(left.right(), clip.bottom())));
@@ -2016,6 +2090,11 @@ fn interact(app: &mut SheetApp, ui: &mut egui::Ui, resp: &egui::Response, geo: &
                 return;
             }
             let c = geo.col_at(sh, p.x);
+            // A Table heading's filter button, while the header names stand in for the letters.
+            if let Some(h) = table_headings(geo, sh, sel.active).into_iter().find(|h| h.col == c && h.button.is_some_and(|b| b.contains(p))) {
+                app.grid.filter_menu = Some((c, h.header_row, geo.mirror_pos(p)));
+                return;
+            }
             if point_header(app, wb, sh, RangeRef::cols(c, c)) {
                 return;
             }
diff --git a/crates/ui-egui/tests/table_headings.rs b/crates/ui-egui/tests/table_headings.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a2685e01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/ui-egui/tests/table_headings.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+//! A Table's header names and filter buttons stand in for the column letters while its header row
+//! is scrolled out of view and the active cell is inside it, as in Excel (#1423).
+
+use egui::{Event, Modifiers, PointerButton, Pos2, Rect, pos2, vec2};
+use gridcraft_engine::Session;
+use gridcraft_engine::core::{CellRef, RangeRef};
+use gridcraft_engine::model::Sheet;
+use gridcraft_ui_egui::SheetApp;
+use gridcraft_ui_egui::grid::{Geo, heading_table, table_headings};
+use serde_json::json;
+
+type Harness = egui_kittest::Harness<'static, SheetApp>;
+
+/// A Table on `range` (header row 3) with these header names and numbers below.
+fn table(s: &mut Session, range: &str, names: &[&str]) {
+    let r = RangeRef::parse(range).unwrap();
+    let mut rows = vec![names.iter().map(|n| json!(n)).collect::<Vec<_>>()];
+    for i in r.start.row + 1..=r.end.row {
+        rows.push(names.iter().map(|_| json!(i)).collect());
+    }
+    s.execute("range.setValues", json!({"range": r.start.a1(), "values": rows})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("insert.table", json!({"range": range, "header": true})).unwrap();
+}
+
+fn session(active: &str) -> Session {
+    let mut s = Session::new();
+    s.new_workbook();
+    table(&mut s, "A3:E40", &["Bank", "Date", "Type", "Amount", "Ref"]);
+    s.execute("selection.set", json!({"cell": active})).unwrap();
+    s
+}
+
+fn sheet(s: &Session) -> Sheet {
+    s.active().unwrap().wb.active().unwrap().clone()
+}
+
+/// The grid scrolled so that `row` is the first one under the frozen rows.
+fn geo_at(sh: &Sheet, row: u32) -> Geo {
+    let fr = sh.freeze.map_or(0, |f| f.0);
+    let scroll = vec2(0.0, (sh.row_top(row) - sh.row_top(fr)) as f32);
+    Geo::new(sh, Rect::from_min_size(pos2(0.0, 0.0), vec2(1000.0, 600.0)), scroll)
+}
+
+fn names(geo: &Geo, sh: &Sheet, active: &str) -> Vec<(u32, String)> {
+    table_headings(geo, sh, CellRef::parse(active).unwrap()).into_iter().map(|h| (h.col, h.name)).collect()
+}
+
+fn owned(v: &[(u32, &str)]) -> Vec<(u32, String)> {
+    v.iter().map(|(c, n)| (*c, n.to_string())).collect()
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn header_names_replace_the_letters_only_while_the_header_row_is_out_of_view() {
+    let s = session("C20");
+    let sh = sheet(&s);
+    let c20 = CellRef::parse("C20").unwrap();
+    assert!(heading_table(&geo_at(&sh, 0), &sh, c20).is_none(), "header row 3 on screen: letters");
+    assert!(heading_table(&geo_at(&sh, 2), &sh, c20).is_none(), "header row 3 at the top: letters");
+    assert_eq!(heading_table(&geo_at(&sh, 3), &sh, c20).map(|t| t.range.a1()).as_deref(), Some("A3:E40"));
+    assert_eq!(names(&geo_at(&sh, 10), &sh, "C20"), owned(&[(0, "Bank"), (1, "Date"), (2, "Type"), (3, "Amount"), (4, "Ref")]));
+    // Scrolled past the table's last row, the letters come back.
+    assert!(heading_table(&geo_at(&sh, 40), &sh, c20).is_none());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn an_active_cell_outside_the_table_keeps_the_letters() {
+    let s = session("G20");
+    let sh = sheet(&s);
+    // The table's rows fill the screen, so only where the active cell is tells the two apart.
+    assert!(heading_table(&geo_at(&sh, 10), &sh, CellRef::parse("G20").unwrap()).is_none());
+    assert!(heading_table(&geo_at(&sh, 10), &sh, CellRef::parse("E20").unwrap()).is_some());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn a_header_row_in_the_frozen_pane_keeps_the_letters() {
+    let mut s = session("C20");
+    s.execute("view.freezePanes", json!({"cell": "A4"})).unwrap();
+    let sh = sheet(&s);
+    assert_eq!(sh.freeze, Some((3, 0)));
+    assert!(heading_table(&geo_at(&sh, 10), &sh, CellRef::parse("C20").unwrap()).is_none());
+
+    // Frozen above the header row, the header row scrolls under the frozen rows.
+    s.execute("view.freezePanes", json!({"cell": "A2"})).unwrap();
+    let sh = sheet(&s);
+    assert_eq!(sh.freeze, Some((1, 0)));
+    assert!(heading_table(&geo_at(&sh, 2), &sh, CellRef::parse("C20").unwrap()).is_none());
+    assert!(heading_table(&geo_at(&sh, 3), &sh, CellRef::parse("C20").unwrap()).is_some());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn with_two_tables_the_names_come_from_the_active_cells_table() {
+    let mut s = Session::new();
+    s.new_workbook();
+    table(&mut s, "A3:C40", &["Bank", "Date", "Type"]);
+    table(&mut s, "E3:G40", &["Region", "Units", "Price"]);
+    let sh = sheet(&s);
+    let geo = geo_at(&sh, 10);
+    assert_eq!(names(&geo, &sh, "F20"), owned(&[(4, "Region"), (5, "Units"), (6, "Price")]));
+    assert_eq!(names(&geo, &sh, "B20"), owned(&[(0, "Bank"), (1, "Date"), (2, "Type")]));
+    assert_eq!(names(&geo, &sh, "D20"), owned(&[]));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn hidden_columns_leave_the_other_names_over_their_own_columns() {
+    let mut s = session("C20");
+    s.execute("home.hideColumns", json!({"cols": "B:B"})).unwrap();
+    let sh = sheet(&s);
+    assert_eq!(sh.col_width(1), 0.0);
+    let geo = geo_at(&sh, 10);
+    let headings = table_headings(&geo, &sh, CellRef::parse("C20").unwrap());
+    let got: Vec<(u32, &str)> = headings.iter().map(|h| (h.col, h.name.as_str())).collect();
+    assert_eq!(got, [(0, "Bank"), (2, "Type"), (3, "Amount"), (4, "Ref")]);
+    for h in &headings {
+        let cell = geo.cell_rect(&sh, CellRef::new(10, h.col));
+        assert_eq!((h.rect.left(), h.rect.right()), (cell.left(), cell.right()), "{} sits over column {}", h.name, h.col);
+        let b = h.button.unwrap();
+        assert!(b.left() > cell.left() && b.right() < cell.right() && b.top() >= geo.head_top() && b.bottom() <= geo.cells.top());
+    }
+}
+
+fn click(h: &mut Harness, at: Pos2) {
+    let press = |pressed| Event::PointerButton { pos: at, button: PointerButton::Primary, pressed, modifiers: Modifiers::NONE };
+    h.input_mut().events.extend([Event::PointerMoved(at), press(true)]);
+    h.step();
+    h.input_mut().events.push(press(false));
+    h.run_steps(3);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn the_button_in_a_replaced_heading_opens_that_columns_filter_menu() {
+    let mut s = session("C20");
+    s.execute("home.hideColumns", json!({"cols": "B:B"})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("selection.set", json!({"cell": "C20"})).unwrap();
+    let mut h = egui_kittest::Harness::builder().with_size(egui::vec2(1200.0, 800.0)).build_ui_state(
+        |ui, app: &mut SheetApp| {
+            app.logic(ui.ctx());
+            app.ui(ui);
+        },
+        SheetApp::new(s, Default::default()),
+    );
+    h.run_steps(4);
+    let sh = sheet(&h.state().session);
+    let scroll = sh.row_top(10) as f32;
+    h.state_mut().view_mut().unwrap().scroll.y = scroll;
+    h.run_steps(2);
+    if let Ok(path) = std::env::var("GRIDCRAFT_TABLE_HEADINGS_SCREENSHOT") {
+        h.render().unwrap().save(path).unwrap();
+    }
+    let app = h.state();
+    let geo = Geo::new(&sh, app.grid.rect.unwrap(), app.view().scroll);
+    let headings = table_headings(&geo, &sh, CellRef::parse("C20").unwrap());
+    let amount = headings.iter().find(|x| x.name == "Amount").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(amount.col, 3);
+
+    click(&mut h, amount.button.unwrap().center());
+    let menu = h.state().grid.filter_menu.map(|(c, r, _)| (c, r));
+    assert_eq!(menu, Some((3, 2)), "the menu of column D, keyed by the table's header row");
+    assert_eq!(h.state().session.active().unwrap().selection.active.a1(), "C20", "the button doesn't select");
+
+    // Beside the button the heading still selects the whole column.
+    h.state_mut().grid.filter_menu = None;
+    click(&mut h, pos2(amount.rect.left() + 6.0, amount.rect.center().y));
+    assert_eq!(h.state().grid.filter_menu, None);
+    assert_eq!(h.state().session.active().unwrap().selection.current().a1(), "D:D");
+}
diff --git a/docs/ui-parity.md b/docs/ui-parity.md
index 22e221e69..6c6383c4b 100644
--- a/docs/ui-parity.md
+++ b/docs/ui-parity.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # UI parity
 
-> **Last reviewed:** 2026-10-10 · **Last updated:** 2026-10-13 · **Change:** minor (horizontal scrollbar in the sheet tab bar, #840) · **Target:** Microsoft Excel (Microsoft 365), Excel for Mac 16.113.4
+> **Last reviewed:** 2026-10-10 · **Last updated:** 2026-10-16 · **Change:** minor (a scrolled Table's header names in the column headings, #1423) · **Target:** Microsoft Excel (Microsoft 365), Excel for Mac 16.113.4
 
 Interaction, controls and feel, against Excel. Part of [target-app-parity.md](target-app-parity.md).
 **UI/UX fidelity: ~55% ready, 50–80 h** (estimated). Ribbon command coverage is measured
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ this logic, with one undo step.
 | Outline symbols for grouped rows / columns (band beside the headers, brackets, − / +, level buttons 1…n+1) | done (#373): clicks run `data.hideDetail` / `data.showDetail` / `data.showLevels`, frozen panes and right-to-left sheets included; summary rows/columns are always below/right (the "Summary rows below detail" setting isn't modelled), no "Show outline symbols" option yet, and a block of cells still groups rows without the Rows / Columns dialog |
 | Reorder selected whole columns by dragging their headers | done (10-11) |
 | Freeze panes, split panes | freeze done; split to verify |
+| A Table's header names and filter buttons in the column headings once its header row scrolls away | done (#1423): with the active cell in the Table, as in Excel; the button opens the column's filter menu, the rest of the heading still selects the column. Plain AutoFilter ranges keep their letters (Excel does the same) |
 | Copy as HTML table for other apps | done (#36, 10-10) |
 | Context menu on cells | 16 items (Cut, Copy, Paste, Paste Special, Insert, Delete, Clear Contents, Filter by value, Sort, New Comment, New Note, Format Cells, Pick From Drop-down List, Define Name, Link). Insert Copied Cells (Insert Cut Cells for whole rows/columns) while the clipboard holds a copy (#21). Missing: Insert Cut Cells for a cell block, paste-option icons, Quick Analysis, Get Data from Table, Show Changes, Smart Lookup |
 | Move and resize charts, pictures and shapes | charts can't be resized (#190) |
@@ -161,6 +162,7 @@ scrollbar bugs 2–4 · pixel/feel pass against observed Excel 7–12.
 
 | Date | Change | Summary |
 |---|---|---|
+| 2026-10-16 | minor | With the active cell in a Table whose header row is scrolled out of view, the column headings show the header names and their filter buttons in place of the letters (#1423) |
 | 2026-10-12 | minor | The File view's recent list tells when each workbook was last changed, read off the UI thread |
 | 2026-10-13 | minor | Horizontal scrollbar in the sheet tab bar: drag, track click pages, frozen columns excluded from the page (#840) |
 | 2026-10-12 | minor | Ctrl+wheel zoom steps along a ladder of percentages about 20% apart that never skips 100%, gliding to each step with animations on, so a notch out undoes a notch in (it drifted: 100 → 122 → 101); Excel steps 15 points, see decisions.md |