diff --git a/crates/xlsx/src/sheet_write.rs b/crates/xlsx/src/sheet_write.rs
index 78e1afaae..f961baac3 100644
--- a/crates/xlsx/src/sheet_write.rs
+++ b/crates/xlsx/src/sheet_write.rs
@@ -498,12 +498,10 @@ pub fn write_sheet(wb: &Workbook, si: usize, selected: bool, out: &mut Out) -> (
             if img.data.is_empty() {
                 continue;
             }
-            out.images += 1;
             let ext = image_ext(&img.mime, &img.data);
-            let name = format!("xl/media/image{}.{ext}", out.images);
             out.default_type(ext, image_content_type(ext));
-            out.part(&name, None, img.data.clone());
-            let rid = drels.add("image", &format!("../media/image{}.{ext}", out.images));
+            let file = out.image_part(ext, &img.data);
+            let rid = drels.add("image", &format!("../media/{file}"));
             objs.push(Obj::Image(img, rid));
         }
         for ch in &sheet.charts {
diff --git a/crates/xlsx/src/tests/mod.rs b/crates/xlsx/src/tests/mod.rs
index 517113d0f..387e7d603 100644
--- a/crates/xlsx/src/tests/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/xlsx/src/tests/mod.rs
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ mod passthrough_tests;
 mod pivot_tests;
 mod richdata_tests;
 mod roundtrip;
+mod shared_media;
 mod sheet_names;
 mod smooth_roundtrip;
 mod trendline_roundtrip;
diff --git a/crates/xlsx/src/tests/shared_media.rs b/crates/xlsx/src/tests/shared_media.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1422a2663
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/xlsx/src/tests/shared_media.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+//! A picture used on several sheets is written as one media part that every drawing points to.
+
+use std::io::Read;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use gridcraft_core::CellRef;
+use gridcraft_model::{Anchor, Image, Sheet, Workbook};
+
+use crate::{read_xlsx, write_xlsx};
+
+fn png(fill: u8) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let mut v = b"\x89PNG\r\n\x1a\n".to_vec();
+    v.extend(std::iter::repeat_n(fill, 4096));
+    v
+}
+
+fn sheet_with(name: &str, pictures: &[(u32, &[u8])]) -> Arc<Sheet> {
+    let mut s = Sheet::new(name);
+    for (id, data) in pictures {
+        let anchor = Anchor { cell: CellRef::parse("B2").unwrap(), width: 40.0, height: 30.0, ..Default::default() };
+        s.images.push(Image { id: *id, anchor, data: data.to_vec(), mime: "image/png".into(), alt: String::new() });
+    }
+    Arc::new(s)
+}
+
+fn names(bytes: &[u8]) -> Vec<String> {
+    let z = zip::ZipArchive::new(std::io::Cursor::new(bytes.to_vec())).unwrap();
+    z.file_names().map(str::to_string).collect()
+}
+
+fn text(bytes: &[u8], name: &str) -> String {
+    let mut z = zip::ZipArchive::new(std::io::Cursor::new(bytes.to_vec())).unwrap();
+    let mut s = String::new();
+    z.by_name(name).unwrap().read_to_string(&mut s).unwrap();
+    s
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn a_picture_on_several_sheets_is_one_media_part() {
+    let (a, b) = (png(1), png(2));
+    // `a` on three sheets (and twice on one of them), `b` on one: two media parts, not five.
+    let wb = Workbook {
+        sheets: vec![sheet_with("One", &[(1, &a)]), sheet_with("Two", &[(1, &a), (2, &b)]), sheet_with("Three", &[(1, &a), (2, &a)])],
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+    let bytes = write_xlsx(&wb).unwrap();
+    let media: Vec<String> = names(&bytes).into_iter().filter(|n| n.starts_with("xl/media/")).collect();
+    assert_eq!(media.len(), 2, "{media:?}");
+    // Every drawing relationship points to an existing part, and the three sheets that show `a`
+    // point to the same one.
+    let mut targets = vec![];
+    for d in 1..=3 {
+        let rels = text(&bytes, &format!("xl/drawings/_rels/drawing{d}.xml.rels"));
+        for t in rels.split("Target=\"").skip(1) {
+            let t = t.split('"').next().unwrap();
+            let part = format!("xl/media/{}", t.trim_start_matches("../media/"));
+            assert!(media.contains(&part), "drawing{d}: dangling {t}");
+            targets.push((d, part));
+        }
+    }
+    assert_eq!(targets.len(), 5, "{targets:?}");
+    let distinct: std::collections::BTreeSet<&String> = targets.iter().map(|(_, p)| p).collect();
+    assert_eq!(distinct.len(), 2, "{targets:?}");
+    let first_of = |d: usize| targets.iter().find(|(x, _)| *x == d).map(|(_, p)| p.clone());
+    assert_eq!(first_of(1), first_of(2), "sheets One and Two show the same picture");
+    assert_eq!(first_of(1), first_of(3));
+    // They read back with the right bytes on the right sheets.
+    let back = read_xlsx(&bytes).unwrap().0;
+    let data = |i: usize| back.sheets[i].images.iter().map(|im| im.data.clone()).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    assert_eq!(data(0), vec![a.clone()]);
+    assert_eq!(data(1), vec![a.clone(), b.clone()]);
+    assert_eq!(data(2), vec![a.clone(), a.clone()]);
+    // A second save of what was read back is stable.
+    let again = write_xlsx(&back).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(names(&again).iter().filter(|n| n.starts_with("xl/media/")).count(), 2);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn different_pictures_with_the_same_length_stay_separate() {
+    let (a, b) = (png(1), png(2));
+    assert_eq!(a.len(), b.len());
+    let wb = Workbook { sheets: vec![sheet_with("One", &[(1, &a), (2, &b)])], ..Default::default() };
+    let bytes = write_xlsx(&wb).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(names(&bytes).iter().filter(|n| n.starts_with("xl/media/")).count(), 2);
+    let back = read_xlsx(&bytes).unwrap().0;
+    assert_eq!(back.sheets[0].images.iter().map(|i| i.data.clone()).collect::<Vec<_>>(), vec![a, b]);
+}
diff --git a/crates/xlsx/src/write.rs b/crates/xlsx/src/write.rs
index 06761f01d..7c63e59b4 100644
--- a/crates/xlsx/src/write.rs
+++ b/crates/xlsx/src/write.rs
@@ -135,6 +135,20 @@ impl Out {
         }
         self.parts.push((name.to_string(), data));
     }
+    /// The `xl/media` file name (`imageN.ext`) holding `data`. A picture used on several sheets,
+    /// or twice on one, is written once and every drawing points to that part, as in Excel.
+    pub fn image_part(&mut self, ext: &str, data: &[u8]) -> String {
+        let existing = self.parts.iter().find(|(name, bytes)| {
+            name.strip_prefix("xl/media/image").is_some_and(|rest| rest.ends_with(&format!(".{ext}"))) && bytes.as_slice() == data
+        });
+        if let Some((name, _)) = existing {
+            return name.trim_start_matches("xl/media/").to_string();
+        }
+        self.images += 1;
+        let file = format!("image{}.{ext}", self.images);
+        self.part(&format!("xl/media/{file}"), None, data.to_vec());
+        file
+    }
     pub fn default_type(&mut self, ext: &str, ct: &str) {
         self.defaults.entry(ext.to_string()).or_insert_with(|| ct.to_string());
     }