From d4bd716ebfe2138a4add49cc7e27b3c5bccbdc43 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: aiongg <aiongtaigi@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 26 Oct 2026 18:16:55 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] refactor(engine): move the text_clipboard_tests module of
 cmd/edit.rs to cmd/edit/text_clipboard_tests.rs

---
 crates/engine/src/cmd/edit.rs                 | 338 +-----------------
 .../src/cmd/edit/text_clipboard_tests.rs      | 335 +++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 336 insertions(+), 337 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 crates/engine/src/cmd/edit/text_clipboard_tests.rs

diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/edit.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/edit.rs
index a10e9ae2f..890974f32 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/edit.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/edit.rs
@@ -550,343 +550,7 @@ fn graphic_alone(frame: &designcraft_doc::Item, g: &designcraft_doc::Graphic, pa
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
-mod text_clipboard_tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    fn frame(s: &mut Session, text: &str) -> designcraft_doc::StoryId {
-        let r = s.execute("frame.create", &json!({"rect": [72, 72, 400, 300], "content": "text", "text": text})).unwrap();
-        s.doc().unwrap().doc.item(ItemId(r["id"].as_u64().unwrap())).unwrap().text_frame().unwrap().story
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn paste_text_with_no_insertion_point_makes_a_text_frame() {
-        let mut s = Session::new();
-        s.execute("file.new", &json!({})).unwrap();
-        let items = |s: &Session| s.doc().unwrap().doc.spreads[0].items.len();
-        // Text from another app, nothing copied here: a new, selected text frame.
-        let r = s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({"text": "From elsewhere\r\nSecond line"})).unwrap();
-        let id = ItemId(r["id"].as_u64().unwrap());
-        let d = s.doc().unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(d.selection.items, vec![id]);
-        assert!(d.selection.text.is_none(), "selected as an object");
-        let it = d.doc.item(id).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(d.doc.story(it.text_frame().unwrap().story).unwrap().text, "From elsewhere\nSecond line");
-        let page = &d.doc.spreads[0].pages[0];
-        let (b, m) = (it.bounds(), page.margin_rect());
-        assert!((b.width() - page.column_rects()[0].width()).abs() < 1e-6, "{b:?}");
-        assert!(b.height() < m.height() / 2.0, "fits two lines: {b:?}");
-        assert!((b.center().y - m.center().y).abs() < 1e-6, "{b:?}");
-        assert!(!s.cache.get(&d.doc, it.text_frame().unwrap().story, None).is_overset());
-        s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(items(&s), 0, "one undo removes it");
-        // Centred on `at`; hostile numbers are clamped.
-        let r = s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({"text": "Here", "at": [200.0, 300.0]})).unwrap();
-        let b = s.doc().unwrap().doc.item(ItemId(r["id"].as_u64().unwrap())).unwrap().bounds();
-        assert!((b.center().x - 200.0).abs() < 1e-6 && (b.center().y - 300.0).abs() < 1e-6, "{b:?}");
-        assert!(s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({"text": "Far", "at": [1e300, -1e300], "spread": 99})).is_err());
-        s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({"text": "Far", "at": [1e300, -1e300]})).unwrap();
-        // Copied objects paste when no text is given.
-        s.execute("edit.deselectAll", &json!({})).unwrap();
-        let rect = s.execute("frame.create", &json!({"rect": [72, 72, 200, 160]})).unwrap()["id"].clone();
-        s.execute("selection.set", &json!({"ids": [rect]})).unwrap();
-        s.execute("edit.copy", &json!({})).unwrap();
-        let n = items(&s);
-        let r = s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({})).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(r["ids"].as_array().unwrap().len(), 1);
-        assert_eq!(items(&s), n + 1);
-        assert!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.item(ItemId(r["ids"][0].as_u64().unwrap())).unwrap().text_frame().is_none());
-        s.doc().unwrap().doc.check().unwrap();
-    }
-
-    /// Copying a rectangle, then text in another app, pasted the rectangle into the text (#212).
-    #[test]
-    fn paste_at_a_caret_prefers_other_apps_text_to_copied_objects() {
-        let mut s = Session::new();
-        s.execute("file.new", &json!({})).unwrap();
-        let story = frame(&mut s, "ab");
-        let rect = s.execute("frame.create", &json!({"rect": [72, 400, 200, 480]})).unwrap()["id"].clone();
-        s.execute("selection.set", &json!({"ids": [rect]})).unwrap();
-        s.execute("edit.copy", &json!({})).unwrap();
-        let marker = copied_objects_text(&s);
-        s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": story.0, "anchor": 2, "focus": 2})).unwrap();
-        let r = s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({"text": "From elsewhere"})).unwrap();
-        assert!(r.get("anchored").is_none(), "{r}");
-        assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(story).unwrap().text, "abFrom elsewhere");
-        // What the object copy put on the system clipboard still pastes the objects.
-        assert_eq!(s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({"text": marker})).unwrap()["anchored"], 1);
-        // With no insertion point too: the rectangle, not a text frame holding the marker.
-        s.execute("edit.deselectAll", &json!({})).unwrap();
-        let r = s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({"text": marker})).unwrap();
-        let id = ItemId(r["ids"][0].as_u64().unwrap());
-        assert!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.item(id).unwrap().text_frame().is_none());
-        s.doc().unwrap().doc.check().unwrap();
-        // Paste without Formatting inserts the text given; empty text is no text.
-        s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": story.0, "anchor": 0, "focus": 0})).unwrap();
-        assert!(s.execute("edit.pasteWithoutFormatting", &json!({"text": ""})).is_err());
-    }
-
-    /// Text frames, and groups holding one, can't be anchored: at a caret their copy pastes as text.
-    #[test]
-    fn copied_text_frames_paste_at_a_caret_as_their_text() {
-        let mut s = Session::new();
-        s.execute("file.new", &json!({})).unwrap();
-        let target = frame(&mut s, "ab");
-        let copy_and_paste = |s: &mut Session, ids: Value, text: Value| {
-            s.execute("selection.set", &json!({"ids": ids})).unwrap();
-            s.execute("edit.copy", &json!({})).unwrap();
-            s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": target.0, "anchor": 0, "focus": 0})).unwrap();
-            s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({"text": text})).unwrap()
-        };
-        let chapter = s.execute("frame.create", &json!({"rect": [72, 400, 300, 480], "content": "text", "text": "Chapter 1"})).unwrap()["id"].clone();
-        // The same text copied in another app, and the system clipboard read back as absent.
-        let r = copy_and_paste(&mut s, json!([chapter]), json!("Chapter 1"));
-        assert!(r.get("anchored").is_none(), "{r}");
-        s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({})).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(target).unwrap().text, "Chapter 1Chapter 1ab");
-        // A group with a text frame inside, its own placeholder on the system clipboard.
-        let rect = s.execute("frame.create", &json!({"rect": [72, 500, 200, 560]})).unwrap()["id"].clone();
-        let group = s.execute("object.group", &json!({"ids": [chapter, rect]})).unwrap()["id"].clone();
-        let r = copy_and_paste(&mut s, json!([group]), Value::Null);
-        assert!(r.get("anchored").is_none(), "{r}");
-        assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(target).unwrap().text, "Chapter 1Chapter 1Chapter 1ab");
-        s.doc().unwrap().doc.check().unwrap();
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn outside_text_never_pastes_markers() {
-        let mut s = Session::new();
-        s.execute("file.new", &json!({})).unwrap();
-        // Private-use characters from another app would read as footnote, table or variable markers.
-        let dirty = "a\u{E00A}b\u{E009}c\u{E1FF}d\u{E200}";
-        let r = s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({"text": dirty})).unwrap();
-        let st = s.doc().unwrap().doc.item(ItemId(r["id"].as_u64().unwrap())).unwrap().text_frame().unwrap().story;
-        assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(st).unwrap().text, "abcd\u{E200}");
-        s.doc().unwrap().doc.check().unwrap();
-        let b = frame(&mut s, "Target");
-        s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": b.0, "anchor": 6, "focus": 6})).unwrap();
-        s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({"text": dirty})).unwrap();
-        s.execute("edit.pasteWithoutFormatting", &json!({"text": dirty})).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(b).unwrap().text, "Targetabcd\u{E200}abcd\u{E200}");
-        assert!(s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({"text": "\u{E00A}"})).is_err());
-        s.doc().unwrap().doc.check().unwrap();
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn copied_text_pasted_with_no_insertion_point_keeps_its_formatting() {
-        let mut s = Session::new();
-        s.execute("file.new", &json!({})).unwrap();
-        let a = frame(&mut s, "Bold words\nSecond");
-        s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": a.0, "anchor": 0, "focus": 4})).unwrap();
-        s.execute("type.bold", &json!({})).unwrap();
-        s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": a.0, "anchor": 11, "focus": 17})).unwrap();
-        s.execute("type.para", &json!({"attrs": {"align": "center"}})).unwrap();
-        s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": a.0, "anchor": 0, "focus": 17})).unwrap();
-        let copied = s.execute("edit.copy", &json!({})).unwrap()["text"].as_str().unwrap().to_string();
-        s.execute("edit.deselectAll", &json!({})).unwrap();
-        let r = s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({"text": copied})).unwrap();
-        let d = s.doc().unwrap();
-        let st = d.doc.story(d.doc.item(ItemId(r["id"].as_u64().unwrap())).unwrap().text_frame().unwrap().story).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(st.text, "Bold words\nSecond");
-        assert_eq!(st.char_format_at(2).over.font_style.as_deref(), Some("Bold"));
-        assert_eq!(st.char_format_at(7).over.font_style, None);
-        assert_eq!(st.paras[1], d.doc.story(a).unwrap().paras[1]);
-        d.doc.check().unwrap();
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn formatted_copy_paste_and_plain_paste() {
-        let mut s = Session::new();
-        s.execute("file.new", &json!({})).unwrap();
-        let a = frame(&mut s, "Bold words here.");
-        let b = frame(&mut s, "Target: .");
-        s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": a.0, "anchor": 0, "focus": 4})).unwrap();
-        s.execute("type.bold", &json!({})).unwrap();
-        // A footnote inside the copied range travels with it.
-        s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": a.0, "anchor": 4, "focus": 4})).unwrap();
-        s.execute("footnote.insert", &json!({"text": "n"})).unwrap();
-        let fl = designcraft_doc::FOOTNOTE_REF.len_utf8();
-        s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": a.0, "anchor": 0, "focus": 10 + fl})).unwrap();
-        let r = s.execute("edit.copy", &json!({})).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(r["text"], "Bold words");
-        // Formatted paste when the system clipboard matches.
-        s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": b.0, "anchor": 8, "focus": 8})).unwrap();
-        s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({"text": "Bold words"})).unwrap();
-        let st = s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(b).unwrap().clone();
-        assert_eq!(st.text, format!("Target: Bold{} words.", designcraft_doc::FOOTNOTE_REF));
-        assert_eq!(st.char_format_at(9).over.font_style.as_deref(), Some("Bold"));
-        assert_eq!(st.notes.len(), 1);
-        assert_eq!(st.notes[0].text.text, "n");
-        // Other text on the system clipboard pastes as plain text.
-        s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({"text": "\"x\""})).unwrap();
-        assert!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(b).unwrap().text.contains("\"x\""), "no smart quotes on paste");
-        // Paste without formatting takes the insertion format.
-        s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": b.0, "anchor": 0, "focus": 0})).unwrap();
-        s.execute("edit.pasteWithoutFormatting", &json!({})).unwrap();
-        let st = s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(b).unwrap().clone();
-        assert!(st.text.starts_with("Bold wordsTarget"), "{:?}", st.text);
-        assert_eq!(st.char_format_at(1).over.font_style, None);
-        // Cut removes and copies.
-        s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": b.0, "anchor": 0, "focus": 4})).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(s.execute("edit.cut", &json!({})).unwrap()["text"], "Bold");
-        assert!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(b).unwrap().text.starts_with(" wordsTarget"));
-        s.doc().unwrap().doc.check().unwrap();
-    }
-
-    fn note_clipboard_session() -> (Session, designcraft_doc::StoryId) {
-        let mut s = Session::new();
-        s.execute("file.new", &json!({})).unwrap();
-        let source = frame(&mut s, "aéz");
-        s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": source.0, "anchor": 1, "focus": 1})).unwrap();
-        s.execute("endnote.insert", &json!({"text": "Citation A"})).unwrap();
-        s.execute("note.new", &json!({"text": "Memo A", "author": "Ed"})).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(source).unwrap().text, "a\u{E00F}\u{E010}éz");
-        s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": source.0, "anchor": 0, "focus": 10})).unwrap();
-        s.execute("type.char", &json!({"attrs": {"fontStyle": "Bold"}})).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(s.execute("edit.copy", &json!({})).unwrap(), json!({"text": "aéz"}));
-        (s, source)
-    }
-
-    fn assert_child_note_paste(
-        s: &mut Session,
-        source: designcraft_doc::StoryId,
-        parent: designcraft_doc::StoryId,
-        cell: designcraft_doc::CellAddr,
-        endpoints: (usize, usize),
-    ) {
-        let before = s.doc().unwrap().doc.clone();
-        let selected = s.doc().unwrap().selection.text.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!((selected.story, selected.cell, selected.anchor, selected.focus), (parent, Some(cell), endpoints.0, endpoints.1));
-        assert_eq!(selected.frame, None);
-        let before_child = before.text_story(parent, Some(cell)).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(before_child.text, "L----R");
-        let clipboard = s.text_clipboard.clone();
-        let history = s.execute("document.history", &json!({})).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(history["redo"], json!([]));
-
-        let result = s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({})).unwrap();
-        let after = s.doc().unwrap().doc.clone();
-        let child = after.text_story(parent, Some(cell)).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(child.text, "LaézR", "root-only note markers must not enter child text");
-        assert_eq!(child.len(), 6);
-        assert_eq!(result, json!({"pos": 5, "formatted": true}));
-        assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().selection, Selection::text(designcraft_doc::TextSel { anchor: 5, focus: 5, ..selected }));
-        assert!(child.endnotes.is_empty() && child.editorial.is_empty());
-        for pos in [1, 2, 4] {
-            let (_, format) = child.runs().find(|(range, _)| range.contains(&pos)).unwrap();
-            assert_eq!(format.over.font_style.as_deref(), Some("Bold"));
-        }
-        // Inspect actual run coverage: char_format_at at a run boundary means the preceding run.
-        for pos in [0, 5] {
-            let (_, old_format) = before_child.runs().find(|(range, _)| range.contains(&pos)).unwrap();
-            let (_, new_format) = child.runs().find(|(range, _)| range.contains(&pos)).unwrap();
-            assert_eq!(new_format, old_format);
-        }
-        assert_eq!(after.story(parent).unwrap().text, before.story(parent).unwrap().text);
-        assert_eq!(after.story(parent).unwrap().chars, before.story(parent).unwrap().chars);
-        assert_eq!(after.story(source), before.story(source));
-        assert_eq!(s.text_clipboard, clipboard);
-
-        let mut pasted_history = history.clone();
-        pasted_history["undo"].as_array_mut().unwrap().push(json!("Paste"));
-        assert_eq!(s.execute("document.history", &json!({})).unwrap(), pasted_history);
-        assert_eq!(s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap(), json!({"undone": "Paste"}));
-        assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc, before);
-        let mut undone_history = history;
-        undone_history["redo"] = json!(["Paste"]);
-        assert_eq!(s.execute("document.history", &json!({})).unwrap(), undone_history);
-        // This filter does not change which selection Undo restores.
-        assert_eq!(s.execute("edit.redo", &json!({})).unwrap(), json!({"redone": "Paste"}));
-        assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc, after);
-        assert_eq!(s.execute("document.history", &json!({})).unwrap(), pasted_history);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn formatted_child_paste_filters_endnotes_and_editorial_in_cells() {
-        let (mut s, source) = note_clipboard_session();
-        let parent = frame(&mut s, "PZ");
-        s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": parent.0, "anchor": 1, "focus": 1})).unwrap();
-        let table_id = s.execute("table.insert", &json!({"rows": 1, "cols": 2})).unwrap()["table"].as_u64().unwrap();
-        s.execute("text.insert", &json!({"text": "L----R"})).unwrap();
-        s.execute("table.nextCell", &json!({})).unwrap();
-        s.execute("text.insert", &json!({"text": "NEIGHBOR"})).unwrap();
-        s.execute("table.prevCell", &json!({})).unwrap();
-        s.execute("text.move", &json!({"dir": "storyStart"})).unwrap();
-        s.execute("text.move", &json!({"dir": "right"})).unwrap();
-        for _ in 0..4 {
-            s.execute("text.move", &json!({"dir": "right", "extend": true})).unwrap();
-        }
-        let before_table = s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(parent).unwrap().tables[&table_id].clone();
-        let cell = designcraft_doc::CellAddr { table: table_id, row: 0, col: 0 };
-        assert_child_note_paste(&mut s, source, parent, cell, (1, 5));
-        let table = &s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(parent).unwrap().tables[&table_id];
-        assert_eq!(table.cell(0, 1).unwrap().text.text, "NEIGHBOR");
-        let mut expected_table = (*before_table).clone();
-        expected_table.cells[0].text = table.cells[0].text.clone();
-        assert_eq!(table.as_ref(), &expected_table);
-
-        // The same clipboard must still retain both markers when pasted into an ordinary root story.
-        let root = frame(&mut s, "L----R");
-        s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": root.0, "anchor": 1, "focus": 5})).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({})).unwrap(), json!({"pos": 11, "formatted": true}));
-        assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(root).unwrap().text, "La\u{E00F}\u{E010}ézR");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn formatted_child_paste_filters_endnotes_and_editorial_in_footnotes() {
-        let (mut s, source) = note_clipboard_session();
-        let parent = frame(&mut s, "PZ");
-        let neighbor = s.execute("footnote.insert", &json!({"text": "NEIGHBOR"})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap();
-        s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": parent.0, "anchor": 1, "focus": 1})).unwrap();
-        let target = s.execute("footnote.insert", &json!({"text": "L----R"})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap();
-        s.execute("text.move", &json!({"dir": "left"})).unwrap();
-        for _ in 0..4 {
-            s.execute("text.move", &json!({"dir": "left", "extend": true})).unwrap();
-        }
-        let before = s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(parent).unwrap().clone();
-        assert_child_note_paste(&mut s, source, parent, designcraft_doc::CellAddr::footnote(target), (5, 1));
-        let after = s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(parent).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(after.note(neighbor).unwrap().text.text, "NEIGHBOR");
-        assert_eq!(after.note(neighbor), before.note(neighbor));
-        assert_eq!(after.notes.iter().map(|note| note.id).collect::<Vec<_>>(), before.notes.iter().map(|note| note.id).collect::<Vec<_>>());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn change_case_keeps_runs() {
-        let mut s = Session::new();
-        s.execute("file.new", &json!({})).unwrap();
-        let a = frame(&mut s, "the quick brown fox. jumps over straße");
-        s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": a.0, "anchor": 4, "focus": 9})).unwrap();
-        s.execute("type.italic", &json!({})).unwrap();
-        let len = s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(a).unwrap().len();
-        s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": a.0, "anchor": 0, "focus": len})).unwrap();
-        s.execute("type.changeCase", &json!({"case": "title"})).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(a).unwrap().text, "The Quick Brown Fox. Jumps Over Straße");
-        s.execute("type.changeCase", &json!({"case": "sentence"})).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(a).unwrap().text, "The quick brown fox. Jumps over straße");
-        s.execute("type.changeCase", &json!({"case": "upper"})).unwrap();
-        let st = s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(a).unwrap().clone();
-        assert_eq!(st.text, "THE QUICK BROWN FOX. JUMPS OVER STRASSE");
-        assert_eq!(st.char_format_at(5).over.font_style.as_deref(), Some("Italic"));
-        assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().selection.text.unwrap().range(), 0..st.len());
-        st.check().unwrap();
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn change_case_leaves_georgian_without_initial_capitals() {
-        let mut s = Session::new();
-        s.execute("file.new", &json!({})).unwrap();
-        let a = frame(&mut s, "ᲒᲐᲛᲐᲠᲯᲝᲑᲐ ᲛᲡᲝᲤᲚᲘᲝ. ᲐᲮᲐᲚᲘ word");
-        let len = s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(a).unwrap().len();
-        s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": a.0, "anchor": 0, "focus": len})).unwrap();
-        // Georgian has no title or sentence capitals: Mtavruli is only for all-caps text.
-        s.execute("type.changeCase", &json!({"case": "title"})).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(a).unwrap().text, "გამარჯობა მსოფლიო. ახალი Word");
-        s.execute("type.changeCase", &json!({"case": "sentence"})).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(a).unwrap().text, "გამარჯობა მსოფლიო. ახალი word");
-        s.execute("type.changeCase", &json!({"case": "upper"})).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(a).unwrap().text, "ᲒᲐᲛᲐᲠᲯᲝᲑᲐ ᲛᲡᲝᲤᲚᲘᲝ. ᲐᲮᲐᲚᲘ WORD");
-    }
-}
+mod text_clipboard_tests;
 
 fn paste_into(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     use super::object::RemoveKeep;
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/edit/text_clipboard_tests.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/edit/text_clipboard_tests.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d947105cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/edit/text_clipboard_tests.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+use super::*;
+
+fn frame(s: &mut Session, text: &str) -> designcraft_doc::StoryId {
+    let r = s.execute("frame.create", &json!({"rect": [72, 72, 400, 300], "content": "text", "text": text})).unwrap();
+    s.doc().unwrap().doc.item(ItemId(r["id"].as_u64().unwrap())).unwrap().text_frame().unwrap().story
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn paste_text_with_no_insertion_point_makes_a_text_frame() {
+    let mut s = Session::new();
+    s.execute("file.new", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    let items = |s: &Session| s.doc().unwrap().doc.spreads[0].items.len();
+    // Text from another app, nothing copied here: a new, selected text frame.
+    let r = s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({"text": "From elsewhere\r\nSecond line"})).unwrap();
+    let id = ItemId(r["id"].as_u64().unwrap());
+    let d = s.doc().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(d.selection.items, vec![id]);
+    assert!(d.selection.text.is_none(), "selected as an object");
+    let it = d.doc.item(id).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(d.doc.story(it.text_frame().unwrap().story).unwrap().text, "From elsewhere\nSecond line");
+    let page = &d.doc.spreads[0].pages[0];
+    let (b, m) = (it.bounds(), page.margin_rect());
+    assert!((b.width() - page.column_rects()[0].width()).abs() < 1e-6, "{b:?}");
+    assert!(b.height() < m.height() / 2.0, "fits two lines: {b:?}");
+    assert!((b.center().y - m.center().y).abs() < 1e-6, "{b:?}");
+    assert!(!s.cache.get(&d.doc, it.text_frame().unwrap().story, None).is_overset());
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(items(&s), 0, "one undo removes it");
+    // Centred on `at`; hostile numbers are clamped.
+    let r = s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({"text": "Here", "at": [200.0, 300.0]})).unwrap();
+    let b = s.doc().unwrap().doc.item(ItemId(r["id"].as_u64().unwrap())).unwrap().bounds();
+    assert!((b.center().x - 200.0).abs() < 1e-6 && (b.center().y - 300.0).abs() < 1e-6, "{b:?}");
+    assert!(s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({"text": "Far", "at": [1e300, -1e300], "spread": 99})).is_err());
+    s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({"text": "Far", "at": [1e300, -1e300]})).unwrap();
+    // Copied objects paste when no text is given.
+    s.execute("edit.deselectAll", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    let rect = s.execute("frame.create", &json!({"rect": [72, 72, 200, 160]})).unwrap()["id"].clone();
+    s.execute("selection.set", &json!({"ids": [rect]})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("edit.copy", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    let n = items(&s);
+    let r = s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(r["ids"].as_array().unwrap().len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(items(&s), n + 1);
+    assert!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.item(ItemId(r["ids"][0].as_u64().unwrap())).unwrap().text_frame().is_none());
+    s.doc().unwrap().doc.check().unwrap();
+}
+
+/// Copying a rectangle, then text in another app, pasted the rectangle into the text (#212).
+#[test]
+fn paste_at_a_caret_prefers_other_apps_text_to_copied_objects() {
+    let mut s = Session::new();
+    s.execute("file.new", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    let story = frame(&mut s, "ab");
+    let rect = s.execute("frame.create", &json!({"rect": [72, 400, 200, 480]})).unwrap()["id"].clone();
+    s.execute("selection.set", &json!({"ids": [rect]})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("edit.copy", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    let marker = copied_objects_text(&s);
+    s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": story.0, "anchor": 2, "focus": 2})).unwrap();
+    let r = s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({"text": "From elsewhere"})).unwrap();
+    assert!(r.get("anchored").is_none(), "{r}");
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(story).unwrap().text, "abFrom elsewhere");
+    // What the object copy put on the system clipboard still pastes the objects.
+    assert_eq!(s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({"text": marker})).unwrap()["anchored"], 1);
+    // With no insertion point too: the rectangle, not a text frame holding the marker.
+    s.execute("edit.deselectAll", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    let r = s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({"text": marker})).unwrap();
+    let id = ItemId(r["ids"][0].as_u64().unwrap());
+    assert!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.item(id).unwrap().text_frame().is_none());
+    s.doc().unwrap().doc.check().unwrap();
+    // Paste without Formatting inserts the text given; empty text is no text.
+    s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": story.0, "anchor": 0, "focus": 0})).unwrap();
+    assert!(s.execute("edit.pasteWithoutFormatting", &json!({"text": ""})).is_err());
+}
+
+/// Text frames, and groups holding one, can't be anchored: at a caret their copy pastes as text.
+#[test]
+fn copied_text_frames_paste_at_a_caret_as_their_text() {
+    let mut s = Session::new();
+    s.execute("file.new", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    let target = frame(&mut s, "ab");
+    let copy_and_paste = |s: &mut Session, ids: Value, text: Value| {
+        s.execute("selection.set", &json!({"ids": ids})).unwrap();
+        s.execute("edit.copy", &json!({})).unwrap();
+        s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": target.0, "anchor": 0, "focus": 0})).unwrap();
+        s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({"text": text})).unwrap()
+    };
+    let chapter = s.execute("frame.create", &json!({"rect": [72, 400, 300, 480], "content": "text", "text": "Chapter 1"})).unwrap()["id"].clone();
+    // The same text copied in another app, and the system clipboard read back as absent.
+    let r = copy_and_paste(&mut s, json!([chapter]), json!("Chapter 1"));
+    assert!(r.get("anchored").is_none(), "{r}");
+    s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(target).unwrap().text, "Chapter 1Chapter 1ab");
+    // A group with a text frame inside, its own placeholder on the system clipboard.
+    let rect = s.execute("frame.create", &json!({"rect": [72, 500, 200, 560]})).unwrap()["id"].clone();
+    let group = s.execute("object.group", &json!({"ids": [chapter, rect]})).unwrap()["id"].clone();
+    let r = copy_and_paste(&mut s, json!([group]), Value::Null);
+    assert!(r.get("anchored").is_none(), "{r}");
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(target).unwrap().text, "Chapter 1Chapter 1Chapter 1ab");
+    s.doc().unwrap().doc.check().unwrap();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn outside_text_never_pastes_markers() {
+    let mut s = Session::new();
+    s.execute("file.new", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    // Private-use characters from another app would read as footnote, table or variable markers.
+    let dirty = "a\u{E00A}b\u{E009}c\u{E1FF}d\u{E200}";
+    let r = s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({"text": dirty})).unwrap();
+    let st = s.doc().unwrap().doc.item(ItemId(r["id"].as_u64().unwrap())).unwrap().text_frame().unwrap().story;
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(st).unwrap().text, "abcd\u{E200}");
+    s.doc().unwrap().doc.check().unwrap();
+    let b = frame(&mut s, "Target");
+    s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": b.0, "anchor": 6, "focus": 6})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({"text": dirty})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("edit.pasteWithoutFormatting", &json!({"text": dirty})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(b).unwrap().text, "Targetabcd\u{E200}abcd\u{E200}");
+    assert!(s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({"text": "\u{E00A}"})).is_err());
+    s.doc().unwrap().doc.check().unwrap();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn copied_text_pasted_with_no_insertion_point_keeps_its_formatting() {
+    let mut s = Session::new();
+    s.execute("file.new", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    let a = frame(&mut s, "Bold words\nSecond");
+    s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": a.0, "anchor": 0, "focus": 4})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("type.bold", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": a.0, "anchor": 11, "focus": 17})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("type.para", &json!({"attrs": {"align": "center"}})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": a.0, "anchor": 0, "focus": 17})).unwrap();
+    let copied = s.execute("edit.copy", &json!({})).unwrap()["text"].as_str().unwrap().to_string();
+    s.execute("edit.deselectAll", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    let r = s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({"text": copied})).unwrap();
+    let d = s.doc().unwrap();
+    let st = d.doc.story(d.doc.item(ItemId(r["id"].as_u64().unwrap())).unwrap().text_frame().unwrap().story).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(st.text, "Bold words\nSecond");
+    assert_eq!(st.char_format_at(2).over.font_style.as_deref(), Some("Bold"));
+    assert_eq!(st.char_format_at(7).over.font_style, None);
+    assert_eq!(st.paras[1], d.doc.story(a).unwrap().paras[1]);
+    d.doc.check().unwrap();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn formatted_copy_paste_and_plain_paste() {
+    let mut s = Session::new();
+    s.execute("file.new", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    let a = frame(&mut s, "Bold words here.");
+    let b = frame(&mut s, "Target: .");
+    s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": a.0, "anchor": 0, "focus": 4})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("type.bold", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    // A footnote inside the copied range travels with it.
+    s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": a.0, "anchor": 4, "focus": 4})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("footnote.insert", &json!({"text": "n"})).unwrap();
+    let fl = designcraft_doc::FOOTNOTE_REF.len_utf8();
+    s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": a.0, "anchor": 0, "focus": 10 + fl})).unwrap();
+    let r = s.execute("edit.copy", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(r["text"], "Bold words");
+    // Formatted paste when the system clipboard matches.
+    s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": b.0, "anchor": 8, "focus": 8})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({"text": "Bold words"})).unwrap();
+    let st = s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(b).unwrap().clone();
+    assert_eq!(st.text, format!("Target: Bold{} words.", designcraft_doc::FOOTNOTE_REF));
+    assert_eq!(st.char_format_at(9).over.font_style.as_deref(), Some("Bold"));
+    assert_eq!(st.notes.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(st.notes[0].text.text, "n");
+    // Other text on the system clipboard pastes as plain text.
+    s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({"text": "\"x\""})).unwrap();
+    assert!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(b).unwrap().text.contains("\"x\""), "no smart quotes on paste");
+    // Paste without formatting takes the insertion format.
+    s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": b.0, "anchor": 0, "focus": 0})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("edit.pasteWithoutFormatting", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    let st = s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(b).unwrap().clone();
+    assert!(st.text.starts_with("Bold wordsTarget"), "{:?}", st.text);
+    assert_eq!(st.char_format_at(1).over.font_style, None);
+    // Cut removes and copies.
+    s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": b.0, "anchor": 0, "focus": 4})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(s.execute("edit.cut", &json!({})).unwrap()["text"], "Bold");
+    assert!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(b).unwrap().text.starts_with(" wordsTarget"));
+    s.doc().unwrap().doc.check().unwrap();
+}
+
+fn note_clipboard_session() -> (Session, designcraft_doc::StoryId) {
+    let mut s = Session::new();
+    s.execute("file.new", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    let source = frame(&mut s, "aéz");
+    s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": source.0, "anchor": 1, "focus": 1})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("endnote.insert", &json!({"text": "Citation A"})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("note.new", &json!({"text": "Memo A", "author": "Ed"})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(source).unwrap().text, "a\u{E00F}\u{E010}éz");
+    s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": source.0, "anchor": 0, "focus": 10})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("type.char", &json!({"attrs": {"fontStyle": "Bold"}})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(s.execute("edit.copy", &json!({})).unwrap(), json!({"text": "aéz"}));
+    (s, source)
+}
+
+fn assert_child_note_paste(
+    s: &mut Session,
+    source: designcraft_doc::StoryId,
+    parent: designcraft_doc::StoryId,
+    cell: designcraft_doc::CellAddr,
+    endpoints: (usize, usize),
+) {
+    let before = s.doc().unwrap().doc.clone();
+    let selected = s.doc().unwrap().selection.text.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!((selected.story, selected.cell, selected.anchor, selected.focus), (parent, Some(cell), endpoints.0, endpoints.1));
+    assert_eq!(selected.frame, None);
+    let before_child = before.text_story(parent, Some(cell)).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(before_child.text, "L----R");
+    let clipboard = s.text_clipboard.clone();
+    let history = s.execute("document.history", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(history["redo"], json!([]));
+
+    let result = s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    let after = s.doc().unwrap().doc.clone();
+    let child = after.text_story(parent, Some(cell)).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(child.text, "LaézR", "root-only note markers must not enter child text");
+    assert_eq!(child.len(), 6);
+    assert_eq!(result, json!({"pos": 5, "formatted": true}));
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().selection, Selection::text(designcraft_doc::TextSel { anchor: 5, focus: 5, ..selected }));
+    assert!(child.endnotes.is_empty() && child.editorial.is_empty());
+    for pos in [1, 2, 4] {
+        let (_, format) = child.runs().find(|(range, _)| range.contains(&pos)).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(format.over.font_style.as_deref(), Some("Bold"));
+    }
+    // Inspect actual run coverage: char_format_at at a run boundary means the preceding run.
+    for pos in [0, 5] {
+        let (_, old_format) = before_child.runs().find(|(range, _)| range.contains(&pos)).unwrap();
+        let (_, new_format) = child.runs().find(|(range, _)| range.contains(&pos)).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(new_format, old_format);
+    }
+    assert_eq!(after.story(parent).unwrap().text, before.story(parent).unwrap().text);
+    assert_eq!(after.story(parent).unwrap().chars, before.story(parent).unwrap().chars);
+    assert_eq!(after.story(source), before.story(source));
+    assert_eq!(s.text_clipboard, clipboard);
+
+    let mut pasted_history = history.clone();
+    pasted_history["undo"].as_array_mut().unwrap().push(json!("Paste"));
+    assert_eq!(s.execute("document.history", &json!({})).unwrap(), pasted_history);
+    assert_eq!(s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap(), json!({"undone": "Paste"}));
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc, before);
+    let mut undone_history = history;
+    undone_history["redo"] = json!(["Paste"]);
+    assert_eq!(s.execute("document.history", &json!({})).unwrap(), undone_history);
+    // This filter does not change which selection Undo restores.
+    assert_eq!(s.execute("edit.redo", &json!({})).unwrap(), json!({"redone": "Paste"}));
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc, after);
+    assert_eq!(s.execute("document.history", &json!({})).unwrap(), pasted_history);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn formatted_child_paste_filters_endnotes_and_editorial_in_cells() {
+    let (mut s, source) = note_clipboard_session();
+    let parent = frame(&mut s, "PZ");
+    s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": parent.0, "anchor": 1, "focus": 1})).unwrap();
+    let table_id = s.execute("table.insert", &json!({"rows": 1, "cols": 2})).unwrap()["table"].as_u64().unwrap();
+    s.execute("text.insert", &json!({"text": "L----R"})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("table.nextCell", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("text.insert", &json!({"text": "NEIGHBOR"})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("table.prevCell", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("text.move", &json!({"dir": "storyStart"})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("text.move", &json!({"dir": "right"})).unwrap();
+    for _ in 0..4 {
+        s.execute("text.move", &json!({"dir": "right", "extend": true})).unwrap();
+    }
+    let before_table = s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(parent).unwrap().tables[&table_id].clone();
+    let cell = designcraft_doc::CellAddr { table: table_id, row: 0, col: 0 };
+    assert_child_note_paste(&mut s, source, parent, cell, (1, 5));
+    let table = &s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(parent).unwrap().tables[&table_id];
+    assert_eq!(table.cell(0, 1).unwrap().text.text, "NEIGHBOR");
+    let mut expected_table = (*before_table).clone();
+    expected_table.cells[0].text = table.cells[0].text.clone();
+    assert_eq!(table.as_ref(), &expected_table);
+
+    // The same clipboard must still retain both markers when pasted into an ordinary root story.
+    let root = frame(&mut s, "L----R");
+    s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": root.0, "anchor": 1, "focus": 5})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({})).unwrap(), json!({"pos": 11, "formatted": true}));
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(root).unwrap().text, "La\u{E00F}\u{E010}ézR");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn formatted_child_paste_filters_endnotes_and_editorial_in_footnotes() {
+    let (mut s, source) = note_clipboard_session();
+    let parent = frame(&mut s, "PZ");
+    let neighbor = s.execute("footnote.insert", &json!({"text": "NEIGHBOR"})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap();
+    s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": parent.0, "anchor": 1, "focus": 1})).unwrap();
+    let target = s.execute("footnote.insert", &json!({"text": "L----R"})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap();
+    s.execute("text.move", &json!({"dir": "left"})).unwrap();
+    for _ in 0..4 {
+        s.execute("text.move", &json!({"dir": "left", "extend": true})).unwrap();
+    }
+    let before = s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(parent).unwrap().clone();
+    assert_child_note_paste(&mut s, source, parent, designcraft_doc::CellAddr::footnote(target), (5, 1));
+    let after = s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(parent).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(after.note(neighbor).unwrap().text.text, "NEIGHBOR");
+    assert_eq!(after.note(neighbor), before.note(neighbor));
+    assert_eq!(after.notes.iter().map(|note| note.id).collect::<Vec<_>>(), before.notes.iter().map(|note| note.id).collect::<Vec<_>>());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn change_case_keeps_runs() {
+    let mut s = Session::new();
+    s.execute("file.new", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    let a = frame(&mut s, "the quick brown fox. jumps over straße");
+    s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": a.0, "anchor": 4, "focus": 9})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("type.italic", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    let len = s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(a).unwrap().len();
+    s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": a.0, "anchor": 0, "focus": len})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("type.changeCase", &json!({"case": "title"})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(a).unwrap().text, "The Quick Brown Fox. Jumps Over Straße");
+    s.execute("type.changeCase", &json!({"case": "sentence"})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(a).unwrap().text, "The quick brown fox. Jumps over straße");
+    s.execute("type.changeCase", &json!({"case": "upper"})).unwrap();
+    let st = s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(a).unwrap().clone();
+    assert_eq!(st.text, "THE QUICK BROWN FOX. JUMPS OVER STRASSE");
+    assert_eq!(st.char_format_at(5).over.font_style.as_deref(), Some("Italic"));
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().selection.text.unwrap().range(), 0..st.len());
+    st.check().unwrap();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn change_case_leaves_georgian_without_initial_capitals() {
+    let mut s = Session::new();
+    s.execute("file.new", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    let a = frame(&mut s, "ᲒᲐᲛᲐᲠᲯᲝᲑᲐ ᲛᲡᲝᲤᲚᲘᲝ. ᲐᲮᲐᲚᲘ word");
+    let len = s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(a).unwrap().len();
+    s.execute("text.select", &json!({"story": a.0, "anchor": 0, "focus": len})).unwrap();
+    // Georgian has no title or sentence capitals: Mtavruli is only for all-caps text.
+    s.execute("type.changeCase", &json!({"case": "title"})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(a).unwrap().text, "გამარჯობა მსოფლიო. ახალი Word");
+    s.execute("type.changeCase", &json!({"case": "sentence"})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(a).unwrap().text, "გამარჯობა მსოფლიო. ახალი word");
+    s.execute("type.changeCase", &json!({"case": "upper"})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.story(a).unwrap().text, "ᲒᲐᲛᲐᲠᲯᲝᲑᲐ ᲛᲡᲝᲤᲚᲘᲝ. ᲐᲮᲐᲚᲘ WORD");
+}