diff --git a/crates/pdf/src/export.rs b/crates/pdf/src/export.rs
index 3abcdb52..34934b91 100644
--- a/crates/pdf/src/export.rs
+++ b/crates/pdf/src/export.rs
@@ -1629,6 +1629,21 @@ fn is_rgb_icc(icc: &[u8]) -> bool {
     icc.get(16..20) == Some(b"RGB ".as_slice())
 }
 
+/// Whether an ICC profile describes grey.
+fn is_grey_icc(icc: &[u8]) -> bool {
+    icc.get(16..20) == Some(b"GRAY".as_slice())
+}
+
+/// Whether `data` decodes to grey (with or without alpha), read from its header.
+fn is_grey(data: &[u8]) -> bool {
+    use image::ImageDecoder;
+    image::ImageReader::new(std::io::Cursor::new(data))
+        .with_guessed_format()
+        .ok()
+        .and_then(|r| r.into_decoder().ok())
+        .is_some_and(|dec| !dec.color_type().has_color())
+}
+
 /// A JPEG, passed through. With `tag_rgb`, a JPEG keeps its own profile, and one without gets
 /// sRGB. krilla uses a profile only when its channels match the JPEG's, so a grey or CMYK JPEG
 /// without a profile stays DeviceGray or DeviceCMYK.
@@ -1668,6 +1683,10 @@ fn lossless(data: &Arc<Vec<u8>>, fmt: Option<image::ImageFormat>, mode: RasterMo
         _ => None,
     };
     direct.or_else(|| {
+        // A grey TIFF, BMP… stays DeviceGray, as a grey PNG or JPEG does (#1426).
+        if let Some(grey) = GreyImage::new(data) {
+            return Image::from_custom(grey, i).ok();
+        }
         // TIFF, BMP, PSD composites… and, with `tag_rgb`, untagged RGB.
         if mode.tag_rgb {
             return SrgbImage::new(rgba).and_then(|img| Image::from_custom(img, i).ok());
@@ -1722,6 +1741,61 @@ impl krilla::image::CustomImage for SrgbImage {
     }
 }
 
+/// A grey raster as a DeviceGray image (ICCBased when the file has a grey profile of its own), so
+/// a page that only holds black prints as black, not as RGB.
+#[derive(Clone, Hash)]
+struct GreyImage {
+    grey: Arc<Vec<u8>>,
+    /// Only when some pixel is not opaque.
+    alpha: Option<Arc<Vec<u8>>>,
+    size: (u32, u32),
+    icc: Option<Arc<Vec<u8>>>,
+}
+
+impl GreyImage {
+    /// `None` when `data` isn't grey or can't be decoded.
+    fn new(data: &[u8]) -> Option<Self> {
+        if !is_grey(data) {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let img = image::load_from_memory(data).ok()?.to_luma_alpha8();
+        let size = img.dimensions();
+        let pixels = usize::try_from(size.0).ok()?.checked_mul(usize::try_from(size.1).ok()?)?;
+        if pixels == 0 {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let (mut grey, mut alpha) = (Vec::with_capacity(pixels), Vec::with_capacity(pixels));
+        for p in img.pixels() {
+            grey.push(p.0[0]);
+            alpha.push(p.0[1]);
+        }
+        let alpha = alpha.iter().any(|a| *a < 255).then(|| Arc::new(alpha));
+        let icc = embedded_icc(data).filter(|p| is_grey_icc(p)).map(Arc::new);
+        Some(Self { grey: Arc::new(grey), alpha, size, icc })
+    }
+}
+
+impl krilla::image::CustomImage for GreyImage {
+    fn color_channel(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        &self.grey
+    }
+    fn alpha_channel(&self) -> Option<&[u8]> {
+        self.alpha.as_deref().map(Vec::as_slice)
+    }
+    fn bits_per_component(&self) -> krilla::image::BitsPerComponent {
+        krilla::image::BitsPerComponent::Eight
+    }
+    fn size(&self) -> (u32, u32) {
+        self.size
+    }
+    fn icc_profile(&self) -> Option<&[u8]> {
+        self.icc.as_deref().map(Vec::as_slice)
+    }
+    fn color_space(&self) -> krilla::image::ImageColorspace {
+        krilla::image::ImageColorspace::Luma
+    }
+}
+
 /// A CMYK raster as a krilla image: its samples are written unchanged as DeviceCMYK, like a
 /// CMYK JPEG's. An embedded ICC profile is left out, as it is for JPEGs: the inks are meant for
 /// the output intent's press, and tagging them with another CMYK profile would let a RIP
@@ -1768,11 +1842,18 @@ fn recompress(data: &[u8], mode: RasterMode) -> Option<Image> {
     if img.color().has_alpha() && img.to_rgba8().pixels().any(|p| p[3] < 255) {
         return None;
     }
-    let rgb = img.to_rgb8();
     let mut buf = Vec::new();
     let enc = image::codecs::jpeg::JpegEncoder::new_with_quality(&mut buf, 90);
-    image::ImageEncoder::write_image(enc, rgb.as_raw(), rgb.width(), rgb.height(), image::ExtendedColorType::Rgb8).ok()?;
-    jpeg(buf.into(), || embedded_icc(data).filter(|p| is_rgb_icc(p)), mode)
+    // A grey image stays a grey JPEG (#1426).
+    let grey = !img.color().has_color();
+    if grey {
+        let l = img.to_luma8();
+        image::ImageEncoder::write_image(enc, l.as_raw(), l.width(), l.height(), image::ExtendedColorType::L8).ok()?;
+    } else {
+        let rgb = img.to_rgb8();
+        image::ImageEncoder::write_image(enc, rgb.as_raw(), rgb.width(), rgb.height(), image::ExtendedColorType::Rgb8).ok()?;
+    }
+    jpeg(buf.into(), || embedded_icc(data).filter(|p| if grey { is_grey_icc(p) } else { is_rgb_icc(p) }), mode)
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/crates/pdf/src/tests.rs b/crates/pdf/src/tests.rs
index ee02e219..39f472ff 100644
--- a/crates/pdf/src/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/pdf/src/tests.rs
@@ -340,6 +340,26 @@ fn cmyk_tiff_keeps_its_inks() {
     }
 }
 
+/// A placed greyscale TIFF went into PDFs as DeviceRGB, unlike a greyscale PNG or JPEG (#1426):
+/// a page holding only a black-and-white scan declared colour.
+#[test]
+fn grey_tiff_exports_as_device_gray() {
+    let px: Vec<u8> = vec![0, 64, 128, 255, 255, 128, 64, 0];
+    let mut tif = Vec::new();
+    tiff::encoder::TiffEncoder::new(std::io::Cursor::new(&mut tif)).unwrap().write_image::<tiff::encoder::colortype::Gray8>(4, 2, &px).unwrap();
+    let mut d = doc_with_text("x");
+    place(&mut d, tif, (4, 2));
+    for standard in [Standard::None, Standard::PdfX4] {
+        let r = export_pdf_with_report(&d, &Cache::new(), &PdfOptions { standard, ..Default::default() }).unwrap();
+        assert!(r.warnings.is_empty(), "{standard:?}: {:?}", r.warnings);
+        assert_eq!(image_xobjects(&r.bytes), vec![("DeviceGray".to_string(), px.clone())], "{standard:?}");
+    }
+    // Recompressed, it stays a grey JPEG.
+    let r = export_pdf_with_report(&d, &Cache::new(), &PdfOptions { compress_images: true, compress: false, ..Default::default() }).unwrap();
+    let s = String::from_utf8_lossy(&r.bytes);
+    assert!(s.contains("/DCTDecode") && s.contains("/DeviceGray") && !s.contains("/DeviceRGB"), "a grey JPEG");
+}
+
 /// An 8×8 raster encoded as `fmt`; `alpha` gives it a transparent corner.
 fn raster(fmt: image::ImageFormat, alpha: bool) -> Vec<u8> {
     let img =