Effects: fill overlays (a:fillOverlay) blend over the shape's fill, and round-trip

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

crates/model/src/style.rs

@@ -387,6 +387,16 @@ pub struct Effects {
     pub bevel: Option<String>,
     /// Unmodelled 3-D XML kept for round-trip (`scene3d`, `sp3d`).
     pub raw3d: Option<String>,
+    /// `a:fillOverlay`: a fill blended over the shape's fill (`blend`: `over`, `mult`, `screen`,
+    /// `darken`, `lighten`). Only solid and gradient overlays are kept.
+    pub fill_overlay: Option<FillOverlay>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct FillOverlay {
+    pub blend: String,
+    pub fill: Fill,
 }
 
 impl Effects {
@@ -397,6 +407,7 @@ impl Effects {
             && self.soft_edge.is_none()
             && self.reflection.is_none()
             && self.bevel.is_none()
+            && self.fill_overlay.is_none()
     }
 }
 

crates/pptx/src/read/dml.rs

@@ -257,6 +257,14 @@ pub fn effects(el: &El) -> Effects {
             "innerShdw" => fx.inner_shadow = Some(shadow(e, true)),
             "glow" => fx.glow = Some(Glow { color: color(e).unwrap_or(ColorRef::rgb(Rgba::BLACK)), radius: pt(e, "rad").unwrap_or(0.0).max(0.0) }),
             "softEdge" => fx.soft_edge = Some(pt(e, "rad").unwrap_or(0.0).max(0.0)),
+            "fillOverlay" => {
+                let fill = e.elements().find_map(|f| match f.local() {
+                    "solidFill" => color(f).map(|c| Fill::Solid { color: c }),
+                    "gradFill" => Some(Fill::Gradient(gradient(f))),
+                    _ => None,
+                });
+                fx.fill_overlay = fill.map(|fill| deckcraft_model::style::FillOverlay { blend: e.attr("blend").unwrap_or("over").to_string(), fill });
+            }
             "reflection" => {
                 fx.reflection = Some(Reflection {
                     blur: pt(e, "blurRad").unwrap_or(0.0),

crates/pptx/src/write/dml.rs

@@ -76,40 +76,7 @@ pub fn fill(w: &mut W, x: &mut Exp, o: &mut Out, f: &Fill) {
     match f {
         Fill::None => w.empty0("a:noFill"),
         Fill::Solid { color: c } => solid(w, c),
-        Fill::Gradient(g) => {
+        Fill::Gradient(g) => gradient(w, g),
-            w.open("a:gradFill", A::new().a("rotWithShape", if g.rotate_with_shape { "1" } else { "0" }));
-            // No stops: no `a:gsLst`, so the gradient keeps taking them from its style's fill.
-            let mut stops = g.stops.clone();
-            if stops.len() == 1 {
-                let mut s = stops[0].clone();
-                s.pos = 1.0;
-                stops.push(s);
-            }
-            if !stops.is_empty() {
-                w.open0("a:gsLst");
-                for s in &stops {
-                    w.open("a:gs", A::new().a("pos", pct(s.pos.clamp(0.0, 1.0))));
-                    color(w, &s.color);
-                    w.close("a:gs");
-                }
-                w.close("a:gsLst");
-            }
-            match &g.shape {
-                GradientShape::Linear { angle, scaled } => {
-                    w.empty("a:lin", A::new().a("ang", ang(*angle)).a("scaled", if *scaled { "1" } else { "0" }))
-                }
-                GradientShape::Path { path, focus } => {
-                    let p = match path.as_str() {
-                        "rect" | "shape" | "circle" => path.as_str(),
-                        _ => "circle",
-                    };
-                    w.open("a:path", A::new().a("path", p));
-                    w.empty("a:fillToRect", A::new().a("l", pct(focus[0])).a("t", pct(focus[1])).a("r", pct(focus[2])).a("b", pct(focus[3])));
-                    w.close("a:path");
-                }
-            }
-            w.close("a:gradFill");
-        }
         Fill::Picture(pf) => blip_fill(w, x, o, "a:blipFill", pf),
         Fill::Pattern(p) => {
             w.open("a:pattFill", A::new().a("prst", if p.preset.is_empty() { "pct5" } else { &p.preset }));
@@ -275,8 +242,55 @@ fn shadow(w: &mut W, tag: &str, s: &deckcraft_model::style::Shadow) {
     w.close(tag);
 }
 
+fn gradient(w: &mut W, g: &deckcraft_model::style::Gradient) {
+    w.open("a:gradFill", A::new().a("rotWithShape", if g.rotate_with_shape { "1" } else { "0" }));
+    // No stops: no `a:gsLst`, so the gradient keeps taking them from its style's fill.
+    let mut stops = g.stops.clone();
+    if stops.len() == 1 {
+        let mut s = stops[0].clone();
+        s.pos = 1.0;
+        stops.push(s);
+    }
+    if !stops.is_empty() {
+        w.open0("a:gsLst");
+        for s in &stops {
+            w.open("a:gs", A::new().a("pos", pct(s.pos.clamp(0.0, 1.0))));
+            color(w, &s.color);
+            w.close("a:gs");
+        }
+        w.close("a:gsLst");
+    }
+    match &g.shape {
+        GradientShape::Linear { angle, scaled } => w.empty("a:lin", A::new().a("ang", ang(*angle)).a("scaled", if *scaled { "1" } else { "0" })),
+        GradientShape::Path { path, focus } => {
+            let p = match path.as_str() {
+                "rect" | "shape" | "circle" => path.as_str(),
+                _ => "circle",
+            };
+            w.open("a:path", A::new().a("path", p));
+            w.empty("a:fillToRect", A::new().a("l", pct(focus[0])).a("t", pct(focus[1])).a("r", pct(focus[2])).a("b", pct(focus[3])));
+            w.close("a:path");
+        }
+    }
+    w.close("a:gradFill");
+}
+
 pub fn effects(w: &mut W, fx: &Effects) {
     w.open0("a:effectLst");
+    // Schema order: blur, fillOverlay, glow, innerShdw, outerShdw, prstShdw, reflection, softEdge.
+    if let Some(ov) = &fx.fill_overlay {
+        let blend = match ov.blend.as_str() {
+            b @ ("over" | "mult" | "screen" | "darken" | "lighten") => b,
+            _ => "over",
+        };
+        w.open("a:fillOverlay", A::new().a("blend", blend));
+        match &ov.fill {
+            Fill::Solid { color: c } => solid(w, c),
+            Fill::Gradient(g) => gradient(w, g),
+            _ => w.empty0("a:noFill"),
+        }
+        w.close("a:fillOverlay");
+    }
     if let Some(g) = &fx.glow {
         w.open("a:glow", A::new().a("rad", emu(g.radius).max(0)));
         color(w, &g.color);

crates/pptx/tests/fills.rs

@@ -102,3 +102,34 @@ fn a_gradient_without_stops_is_saved_without_stops() {
     let s = q.slides[0].shapes.iter().find(|s| s.name == "Styled").expect("shape");
     assert_eq!(s.fill, Some(Fill::Gradient(own)));
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn a_fill_overlay_round_trips() {
+    use deckcraft_model::style::{FillOverlay, Gradient, GradientShape, GradientStop};
+    let mut p = defaults::new_presentation(None);
+    let id = ShapeId(p.alloc_id());
+    let first = p.slides[0].id;
+    let overlay = FillOverlay {
+        blend: "mult".into(),
+        fill: Fill::Gradient(Gradient {
+            stops: vec![
+                GradientStop { pos: 0.0, color: deckcraft_model::ColorRef::scheme(deckcraft_color::SchemeSlot::Accent1) },
+                GradientStop { pos: 1.0, color: deckcraft_model::ColorRef::rgb(deckcraft_color::Rgba::rgb(10, 20, 30)) },
+            ],
+            shape: GradientShape::Linear { angle: 4.5, scaled: true },
+            rotate_with_shape: true,
+        }),
+    };
+    p.slide_mut(first).expect("slide").shapes.push(Shape {
+        id,
+        name: "Overlaid".into(),
+        xfrm: Some(Xfrm::new(10.0, 10.0, 200.0, 100.0)),
+        fill: Some(Fill::solid(deckcraft_model::ColorRef::rgb(deckcraft_color::Rgba::WHITE))),
+        effects: Some(deckcraft_model::Effects { fill_overlay: Some(overlay.clone()), ..Default::default() }),
+        ..Default::default()
+    });
+    let bytes = deckcraft_pptx::export(&p).expect("export");
+    let q = deckcraft_pptx::import(&bytes).expect("import");
+    let s = q.slides[0].shapes.iter().find(|s| s.name == "Overlaid").expect("shape");
+    assert_eq!(s.effects.as_ref().and_then(|e| e.fill_overlay.clone()), Some(overlay));
+}

crates/render/src/lib.rs

@@ -872,6 +872,25 @@ impl Renderer {
                 }
             }
         }
+        // `a:fillOverlay`: a fill blended over the shape's fill (PowerPoint's "Flow" themes multiply
+        // a gradient over a tiled picture), inside the filled outline, under the line.
+        if let Some(ov) = effects.as_ref().and_then(|e| e.fill_overlay.as_ref())
+            && fill.as_ref().is_some_and(|f| !f.is_none())
+        {
+            let mix = match ov.blend.as_str() {
+                "mult" => peniko::Mix::Multiply,
+                "screen" => peniko::Mix::Screen,
+                "darken" => peniko::Mix::Darken,
+                "lighten" => peniko::Mix::Lighten,
+                _ => peniko::Mix::Normal,
+            };
+            for (i, sp) in geo.paths.iter().enumerate().filter(|(i, sp)| sp.fill != FillMode::None && fade(*i).fill > 0.0) {
+                ctx.set_transform(m);
+                ctx.push_layer(Some(&sp.path), Some(peniko::BlendMode::new(mix, peniko::Compose::SrcOver)), None, None, None);
+                paint::fill_path(ctx, rctx, &ov.fill, fx_ph, &sp.path, Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, w, h), m, FillMode::Norm, fade(i).fill, f.pres);
+                ctx.pop_layer();
+            }
+        }
         // Outline.
         if line.fill.as_ref().is_some_and(|f| !f.is_none()) {
             let lw = line.width.unwrap_or(0.75).max(0.0);

crates/render/src/tests.rs

@@ -1583,3 +1583,34 @@ fn text_in_a_scaled_group_keeps_its_point_size() {
         assert!(x0 >= 100 && x1 <= 500 && sy0 >= 100 && sy1 <= 300, "scale {scale}: ink inside the box");
     }
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn a_fill_overlay_blends_over_the_fill() {
+    // `a:fillOverlay blend="mult"`: a 50% grey multiplied over a light fill darkens it; "screen"
+    // lightens a dark one; the overlay stays inside the shape.
+    use deckcraft_model::style::FillOverlay;
+    let draw = |base: [u8; 3], blend: &str| {
+        let mut p = Presentation::default();
+        let mut sh = Shape {
+            id: ShapeId(600),
+            xfrm: Some(Xfrm::new(100.0, 100.0, 200.0, 100.0)),
+            fill: Some(Fill::solid(ColorRef::rgb(deckcraft_color::Rgba::rgb(base[0], base[1], base[2])))),
+            line: Some(deckcraft_model::style::Line { fill: Some(Fill::None), ..Default::default() }),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        sh.effects = Some(deckcraft_model::Effects {
+            fill_overlay: Some(FillOverlay { blend: blend.into(), fill: Fill::solid(ColorRef::rgb(deckcraft_color::Rgba::rgb(128, 128, 128))) }),
+            ..Default::default()
+        });
+        std::sync::Arc::make_mut(&mut p.slides[0]).shapes = vec![sh];
+        let img = render_slide(&p, 0, &RenderOpts { scale: 1.0, ..Default::default() });
+        (img.pixel(200, 150), img.pixel(50, 50))
+    };
+    let (mult, outside) = draw([200, 100, 50], "mult");
+    assert!((mult[0] as i32 - 100).abs() <= 3 && (mult[1] as i32 - 50).abs() <= 3 && (mult[2] as i32 - 25).abs() <= 3, "{mult:?}");
+    assert_eq!(&outside[..3], &[255, 255, 255], "nothing outside the shape");
+    let (screen, _) = draw([0, 0, 0], "screen");
+    assert!((screen[0] as i32 - 128).abs() <= 3, "{screen:?}");
+    let (over, _) = draw([200, 100, 50], "over");
+    assert!((over[0] as i32 - 128).abs() <= 3 && (over[1] as i32 - 128).abs() <= 3, "{over:?}");
+}